The international community and the structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Međunarodna zajednica i ustroj Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Saša Mrduljaš / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 16/2013

Pitanje unutrašnjeg uređenja BiH, a time i regulacije nacionalnih statusa i odnosa triju bh. naroda nije baš trebalo predstavljati, kako se znalo reći, niti „problem iz pakla“ niti „kvadraturu kruga“. Već se na temelju ustavne definicije socijalističke BiH, po kojoj je imala biti tvorevinom triju konstitutivnih, suverenih i jednakopravnih naroda tj. Hrvata, Srba i Muslimana (Bošnjaka) dalo relativno lako oblikovati njen ustroj. Jednako tako i washingtonsko-daytonski model mogao je biti dobrom osnovom za adekvatno strukturiranje nacionalnih statusa i odnosa. Doduše nije bilo za očekivati od bh. naroda i njihovih politika, „pritisnutih“ neusklađenim htijenjima i „opravdanim strahovima“ da same razriješe to pitanje. Za takvo što trebao je „strog i pravedan“ medijator. I tu, krajnje odgovornu ulogu preuzela je još 1992. međunarodna zajednica. Pri tome je njena autoritativnost, obzirom da proizlazi iz moći konstanta s kojom se može računati. No, koliko se može računati sa pravičnošću? Sa medijatorski podrazumijevanim principom podjednakog uvažavanja i zakidanja pozicija svih triju bh. naroda na putu uspostave harmonične BiH

BH (non) unculture

BiH (ne) kultura

Author(s): Ivo Dragićević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 16/2013

Tijekom 2012. godine došlo je do zatvaranja sedam kulturnih institucija na razini BiH, uzrokovanog neriješenim pravnim statusom i financijskim problemima. Kriza kulturnih institucija zatvorila je Zemaljski muzej, Umjetničku galeriju BiH, Historijski muzej BiH, Nacionalnu i Univerzitetsku biblioteku, Kinoteku BiH, Biblioteku za slijepa i slabovidna lica BiH i Muzej književnosti i pozorišne umjetnosti BiH. Spomenute kulturne institucije u BiH imaju iste poteškoće, obzirom da država nije preuzela odgovornost i obveze osnivača, a time niti rješavanje problema oko njihovog financiranja i pravnog statusa.

Status as a victim of publishing and editorial crisis

Status kao žrtva izdavačke i uredničke krize

Author(s): Darko Periša / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 16/2013

Ako su u posljednja tri broja Statusa – kako sam I. Vukoja ističe – dva od tri člana uredništva (ili urednika) iz Sarajeva, ako su skoro dvije trećine autora iz Sarajeva, ako se časopis svečano promovira samo u Sarajevu, onda nema razloga da i mjesto izdavanja ne bude (i) Sarajevo. S obzirom na sadašnje političko i društveno ozračje u tom gradu, časopis bi s vremenom od Udruge građana Dijalog u Mostaru mogla preuzeti i izdavati neka buduća Udruga sugrađana Monolog u Sarajevu, a Status bi, isto tako, mogao biti preimenovan u Statut.

A plea for a new social contract plural BH

Pledoaje za novi društvovni ugovor o plurimorfnoj BiH

Author(s): Mile Lasić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 16/2013

Bosna i Hercegovina se nije konstituirala kao pravna, održiva i funkcionalna država ni 20 godina poslije međunarodnog priznanja. U njoj funkcioniraju „paralelni svjetovi“, a nad njezinom budućnošću visi disolucijski mač. Nedostaje joj, zapravo, sposobnost samorefleksije svoje izlomljene prošlosti i podijeljene stvarnosti, to jest iskreno prihvaćanje vlastite plurimorfne nacionalne, vjerske i kulturološke kompozitnosti kao sudbine. BiH vapi za političko-socijalnom, gospodarskom i kulturološkom konsolidacijom, ali joj za nju nedostaje volja za kompromisom.

The relationship between national and ethnic: consequences for BH

Odnos nacionalnog i etničkog: konzekvence za BiH

Author(s): Dejan Vanjek / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 16/2013

Sudeći po sadržaju Ustava, ali i važećim konsocijacijskim rješenjima i demokratskim praksama, konstitutivni narodi su zapravo suvereni politički narodi koji dijele, zajednički uređuju i upravljaju administrativno-političkim prostorom BiH. Ako bi se išlo u krajnost moglo bi se reći da su navedene ustavne skupine/kategorije „nosioci“ suvereniteta BiH, obzirom da se eksplicitno navode kao subjekti koji „konstituiraju“ BiH i utvrđuju njen Ustav, kao najviši društveno-politički akt s kojim se usklađuje sva ostala pravnopolitička regulativa. S druge strane Ustav ne spominje „Bosance i Hercegovce“ eksplicitno niti implicitno kao jedinstven „narod“ koji bi predstavljao izvor državnog suvereniteta, kao što je to primjerice slučaj sa Ustavom Francuske kao proto-nacionalne države.

Why and how to (re) organize (Federation) of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Zašto i kako (pre)urediti (F)BiH?

Author(s): Goran Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 16/2013

Da bi predlozi preustroja FBiH imali minimalnu šansu za saglasnost političkih elita u FBiH čini se da je neophodno da teritorijalna reorganizacija kantona bude takva da eventualne ustupke jednoj nacionalnoj grupi prate kontraustupci drugoj. Indikativan je zaključak Holbruka (Road to the Dayton) da su pregovarači u Dejtonu najviše bili zainteresovani za crtanje mapa, što u stvari podržava stajalište političke elite BH Hrvata koja istrajava na teritorijalizaciji

What kind of faith to live?

Kakvu vjeru živjeti?

Author(s): Hans Küng / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 16/2013

Vama, svojim evangeličkim, katoličkim i pravoslavnim sukršćankama i sukršćanima, želim dug život s čestitom vjerom u Boga, oslobađajućom vjerom u Krista i vjerom koju pokreće Duh

Linearization of NP in simple sentences in Macedonian compared with other Slavic languages

Линеаризација на именските синтаг¬ми во простата реченица на македонскиот јазик наспрема останатите словенски јазици (теорија и методи на опис)

Author(s): Sonja Milenkovska / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: word order; simple sentence; Macedonian language; Slavic languages; theories; methods

his article focuses on the possible marked variants of the unmarked word order SVO (Subject, Verb, Object) in simple sentences in Macedonian (as an analytic language) compared with simple sentences in the predominant part of the Slavic languages (with synthetic declension). It also presents theories used as a basis for the analysis of the order of sentence compo­nents (represented by NPs), as well as methods applied in course of the collection and analysis of the relevant examples.

Linguistic Confrontation vs Linguistic Typology

Konfrontacja vs typologia

Author(s): Zuzana Topolińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: linguistic typology; linguistic confrontation; Slavic languages

Linguistic confrontation – it seems – belongs to the larger field of linguistic typology. Linguistic confrontation supplies to linguistic typology richer and better documented data than those found in the descriptive grammars of particular languages. Linguistic confrontation requires from the researcher thorough knowledge of the confronted linguistic codes, while in case of typology these requirements are – unfortunately – not so thorough... In my paper I have formulated some remarks on the contribution of the confrontative analyses to the process of up-dating and deepening our knowledge on typological differentiation of Slavic languages.

Strelica je pogodila grješnika – a certain issue of the Croatian orthography in light of the Croatian National Corpus data

Strelica je pogodila grješnika – o pewnym problemie pisowni chorwackiej w świetle danych komputerowego korpusu języka

Author(s): Jerzy Molas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: Croatian language; orthography; corpus linguistics.

Based on the Croatian National Corpus data the author presents inconsistencies in the spelling rules regarding words like str(j)elica, gr(j)ešnik which are described in Croatian ortho­graphic dictionaries. The paper addresses also the discrepancies between orthographic norm and how it is reflected in the real Croatian texts, as well as the ideological reasons for these differences.

Man in Argot of Zagreb

Określenia mężczyzny w żargonie zagrzebskim

Author(s): Neda Pintarić / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: argot; pragmatics; semantics; grammar; linguistic world of man.

The paper deals with the pragmasemantic classification of 879 masculin noun­pragmems in Zagrebian argot. The author compares those pragmatic units by using formal, semantic and pragmatic criteria of classification.

Language imperialism and political correctness

Jezični imperijalizam i politička korektnost

Author(s): Nives Opačić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: Croatian language; linguistic imperialism; globalization; political correctness.

In the times of general globalization, in its part that considers languages, especially the so-called small languages, we can talk not only about an uncontrolled inroad of mainly English words into all walks of life within a society, but also about elements of linguistic imperialism. That imperialism has come about through technology, not by arms and blazing swords, as was mostly the case in history. In addition, the USA – the exporting country of the above mentioned language-imperialistic phenomena around the world, is considered to be the cradle of the much advocated political correctness, which should include basic human rights, one of which is undoubtedly the right to a proper name. It could be argued whether this right is always respected: I will show some examples of proper names of immigrants who had to/wanted to renounce their names in order to be Americanized (‘’cooked in the American melting pot’’). Thus, the Croatian Krešo became Chris, Eva is spelled Eve on the other side of the pond (pronounced /I:v/), and in the global (American) news Michael Stich, a German, is pronounced /majkl stits/, and so on. I will also provide an example of political correctness which is not far from sheer stupidity. Political correctness itself changes with time, which will be illustrated by the Croatian example Ciganin – Rom (Gipsy – Roma(ny)).

Built in argument positions and the propositions intensional ompleteness

Wbudowane pozycje argumentowe a intensjonalna zupełność propozycji

Author(s): Jakub Lubomir Banasiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: semantic category; predicate; argument; proposition; definiteness / indefiniteness

The paper discusses issues concerning the potential influence of built in argument positions on the propositions intensional completeness. According to the chosen scientific approach the distribution of determiners is a reflex of the propositions completeness, there seem to exist however such structures in which one of the argument positions is blocked due to being built into the predicate. The intensional value of such positions may vary and theoretically reflect the propositions definiteness / indefiniteness (intensional completeness). Predicates such as: търся implicate a locative argument position, which is inherently indefinite, but does not seem to reflect the distribution of determiners

Pronouns in Slavic and Balkan context

Заменките во словенски и балкански контекст

Author(s): Angelina Pančevska / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: pronouns; Macedonian language; Slavic languages; Balkan languages.

This paper will present the approach of elaboration of the pronouns as a word class. The method of collecting the corpus of examples will also be taken into consideration because the subject of interest are the pronouns in different language situations. The method of elaboration of that material will be examined, too. The pronominal system in the Macedonian language is put in correlation with the other Slavic as well as Balkan languages for better understanding of its contemporary situation.

Forgetting synonyms: on the “jokerization” of everyday language

Synonim – pojęcie zapomniane. O dżokeryzacji współczesnego języka

Author(s): Barbara Kryżan-Stanojević / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: innovation; joker word; synonym chains; derivation; Polish; Croatian.

The democratization of social relations can bring about linguistic liberalization, where the effectiveness and speed of transmitting information are of utmost importance. Wherever possible, information is presented in a condensed form, as an icon or a gesture. When speaking, we increasingly rely on a limited vocabulary, using very polysemous and broad terms. Such terms undergo jokerization – they begin functioning as wild cards in a card game, being able to represent any other cards depending on the current needs (Kryżan-Stanojević 1998). In addition to internationalisms, which appear as jokers as a matter of course (e.g. Polish super ‘great’ and ekstra ‘great’), native words may also be used as jokers. In this case, in addition to their core meaning, they develop a new joker meaning signaled by new formal features, such as loss of inflections (cf. Croatian mrak lit. ‘dark’, joker ‘great’; guba lit. ‘leprosy’, joker ‘great’). When used in this way, they may form new derivational chains, becoming, in a way, less universal and resisting analytic tendencies. By the same token, derivational morphemes may also acquire joker meanings (e.g. the Croatian naj-; Kryżan-Stanojević 2008a). Jokerization, which is based on replacing a synonym chain with a single all-encompassing word, does not prevent communication, but does impoverish it. It is an intermediate stage between verbal and non-verbal communication. This process, common in spoken language, is examined, and illustrations are drawn from computer blogs and forums

Language and non-language expression in Reggio Emilia pedagogical approach

Jezikovno in nejezikovno izražanje v pedagoškem pristopu Reggio Emilia

Author(s): Darija Skubic / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: Reggio Emilia; pedagogical approach; language and non-language strategies; Slovene as a second/foreign language

In the first part of the article the author describes the importance of language awareness and non-language expression in the pre-school period. The author points out the importance of the usage of all the senses (visual, aural, kinethestic etc.), space and time, and picture images in all 100 languages which are not current only in Reggio Emilia pedagogical approach but also successfully implemented in the Slovenian Preschool Curriculum. All these elements are part of communicative skills (i.e. speaking, listening, writing and reading) and are prerequisites for developing themes (describing, narrating, explaining, argumenting). In addition, the author mentions questioning strategies as one of the most important factors in developing children’s thaughts. She continues with the Slovene language as a second/foreign language which has become an unavoidable and valuable constant in our globally influenced life. The above mentioned elements have been included in the research study which are discussed in the second part of the article. In the conclusion the author discusses the research findings and some other considera­tions which may lead to the further research and are derived from the existing knowledge and the current cognition.

On the informational capacity of a noncomplex sentence structure

О информативном потенцијалу просте реченице

Author(s): Milka Ivić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: syntax; Serbian language; single noncomplex sentence; implicature.

This study aims to complement the theoretical and descriptive literature on the problem concerning the amount of information that can be packeged within a single noncomplex sentence structure. The author points to various circumstances which provoque the rising of its informational capacity.

The exponents of the category of definiteness / indefiniteness and a certain type of expressive expressions in Bulgarian and Polish

Odmianki znaczeniowe czasowników w opisie semantyczno syntaktycznym i w praktyce leksykograficznej (na przykładzie języka bułgarskiego)

Author(s): Małgorzata Korytkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: semantics; syntax; lexicography; homonymy; dictionary entry; Bulgarian language

The paper focuses on the functions of the pronoun exponents of the semantic category of definiteness / indefiniteness in Bulgarian examples of the following type: Свършихме я. Тънко я преда. Свърши се вашата., etc. Their reference to sentences such as Свършихме я тази работа. allows interpreting the function of the phrase as thematic. This type of sentences was confronted with examples such as Тя му я изтърси една… И ти ми ги говориш едни… The features of intonation and the semantic features of the double object phrase indicate its rhematic nature. Specific formal traits of such sentences, including the usage of the exponents of the category of definiteness / indefiniteness, are related with their expressive markedness.

Preface

Od Redakcji

Author(s): Jerzy Molas / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

A life of signs in the network of codes. On semiotically-oriented studies of discourse and style (an analysis of the sign “Croatian nation”)

Życie znaków w sieci kodów – czyli o semiotycznie zorientowanych badaniach dyskursu i stylu (na przykładzie znaku „naród chorwacki”)

Author(s): Maciej Czerwiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: a semiotic theory of style and discourse; signs and codes; semiosis in language and culture; sign “Croatian nation”

In the article a semiotic theory of style and discourse is developed. According to some author’s previous research and theories by Bakhtin, Eco and Uspienski, the idea of over­lapping of signs and codes is discussed. The sign-vehicle “Croatian nation” is taken into consi­deration in various contexts and various interlocutors (from Croatian literature, press and scholarly books). The result of such an investigation is aimed to empirically prove to what extent usual semantic interpretation deprives the whole meaning of texts.