A RAILWAY STATION AS A BOOK AND A HERE-SPACE

ВОКЗАЛ КАК КНИГА И ЗДЕСЬ-ПРОСТРАНСТВО

Author(s): Wasilij Georgievich Szczukin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: railway station; socio-cultural locus; semiotics of culture; mythopoetics; architecture; Poland; Germany; Austria-Hungary, Russia; nineteenth century; twentieth century;

The article contains cultural, semiotic and mythopoethic characteristics of a railway station as a socio-cultural space (locus). The aim of the study is to reveal the symbolic and imaginative mentalgenerating mechanisms of appearance of myphopoetic images accompanying railway stations and their anchoring in cultural memory. The author studies the cases of German, Austrian and Russian railway stations built on the territory of a divided Poland in the 19th – the early 20th century. The author concludes that in the age of historicism supremacy a railway station, being an important and a semantically valent genre of social and cultural space (here-space), had been often used as a substitute and a metaphor for a popular book telling about the main dominants of the national culture.

RUSSIAN AND BRITISH PRESS OF THE 1850S ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATIONS DURING THE CRIMEAN WAR

РУССКАЯ И АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ПРЕССА 1850-Х ГОДОВ ОБ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО СООБЩЕНИЯ В ГОДЫ КРЫМСКОЙ ВОЙНЫ

Author(s): D.K. Pervykh / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: railway; the Crimean War; Balaklava; The Grand Crimean Central Railway;

In March 1855, at the height of the Crimean War, the British built a railway between Balaklava and the positions of the British army at Sevastopol. In our opinion, it is necessary to clarify the facts and factors which influenced the construction of this road, to estimate the condition of Russia’ communication lines of the mid-19th century, to compare the condition of the Russian army and the armies of the allied states which clashed on the Crimean Peninsula, and to assess the role of the railroad for the winners’ coalition. The article is based on the analysis of the materials of the “Sovremennik” journal, the newspapers “The Times”, “The Sunday Times” and “The Indian News” and the memories of the Crimean War participants and witnesses.

NEW COMMUNICATIONS IN A RUSSIAN PROVINCE: DEVELOPMENT OF TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS IN AN INDUSTRIAL CITY IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY

НОВЫЕ КОММУНИКАЦИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ПРОВИНЦИИ: РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ТЕЛЕФОННОЙ СВЯЗИ В ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОМ ГОРОДЕ В НАЧАЛЕ ХХ ВЕКА

Author(s): Kirill Evgenievich Baldin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: telephony; industrial development and communication; provincial town; bodies of local government; daily life of the province;

The article considers the development of one of the most important technical innovations of the industrial age, telephone communication, in a Russian province. The author studies the example of a major industrial centre Ivanovo-Voznesensk of the early 20th century and demonstrates how telephone had won its place in the industrial and commercial spheres of the city, as well as in its everyday life. The author examines the degree of accessibility of the technical novelty for different social strata of the population. Special attention is paid to the arrangement of a long-distance telephony and the role of local manufacturers in this process. In the conclusion the author estimates the role of telephone communication in the further development of industry and business in the Ivanovo-Voznesensk industrial area.

ZEMSKY ROADS OF KOSTROMA PROVINCE

ЗЕМСКИЕ ДОРОГИ КОСТРОМСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ

Author(s): L.I. Sizintseva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: roads; district council (zemstvo); Kostroma Province; the turn of the 19th – the 20th centuries; progress; evolution;

The article is devoted to the experience of Kostroma province’s zemsky government in road construction. Progress was one of the most important values in the late 19th – the early 20th century, it seemed to be able to solve all the problems of the Russian society. The ignorance and the backwardness of the masses were considered as the main obstacles to progress. This problem was supposed to be solved by the spread of education, medicine, cooperation, etc. But without the construction and maintenance of means of communication, none of these areas could be possible to develop.

HOMO MOBILIS IN TRANSIT(IVE) FLOW OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

HOMO MOBILIS В ТРАНЗИТ(ИВ)НОМ ПОТОКЕ МОБИЛЬНЫХ КОММУНИКАЦИЙ

Author(s): Alla A. Petrenko-Lysak / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Keywords: Homo mobilis; mobility; mobile phone; communication; flow; transit; movement; society;

The article considers the features of communicative practices of Homo mobilis (“mobile man”) as an active user of a mobile phone or portable multifunction devices. Mobile phone was an activating factor of social changes in communications and information flows. "Fluid" spaces are the comfortable social spheres of Homo mobilis. The flows form his information and communication capital which transforms into symbolic and economic capitals. Habitual practices of active users of mobile telephony are primarily conditioned by their mobile lifestyle. The peculiarity of Homo mobilis’s communications is their transit(ive) character - impermanent, situational, smoothly transitive from one form/place to another.

VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL RELAY NETWORK

ОЧЕНЬ КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ РЕТРАНСЛЯЦИОННОЙ СЕТИ

Author(s): Aleksandr Evgenievich Levintov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Дневной гон почтовой тройки составлял в 18-19 веках (раньше дорог (путей сообщений) как таковых, не было — были направления, если, конечно, не считать рек) составлял пятьдесят вёрст. Лошадей надо разнуздывать, кормить-поить, ставить на покой в стойло, для ямщиков и седоков — съезжая изба или избы, трактир (или трактиры), ну, на всякий случай, девки, кузни и шорни, где можно починить или поменять что-то в сбруе или экипаже (санках). Ямы или ямские слободы постепенно обрастали хозяйством и людьми: покосы, скотина, огороды, поля — хозяйство изначально формировалось не как натуральное, а как товарное, привязанное к тракту. Эта коммерциализация была весьма привлекательна и как канал коммуникации, и как канал поступления звонкой. Строго по Гиршу: TRADE=COMMERCE + INDUSTRIA (торговля есть коммерция и трудолюбие).

"WHERE DID WE GO...": REFLECTIONS AFTER THE INTERNATIONAL AFTER THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE "WATERWAYS: THE WAY OF LIFE, THE WAY OF CULTURE" (TVER, 15-19 SEPTEMBER 2015)

«КУДА Ж НАМ ПЛЫТЬ…»: РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «ВОДНЫЕ ПУТИ: ПУТИ ЖИЗНИ, ПУТИ КУЛЬТУРЫ» (ТВЕРЬ, 15–19 СЕНТЯБРЯ 2015 ГОДА)

Author(s): Elena Milyugina,Mikhail Viktorovich Stroganov,T.I. Cave,S.A. Mezin,Anatoly V. Kulagin,Mikhail Yur'yevich Timofeev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2015

Все четыре стихии: земли и воздуха, огня и воды — играют в жизни человека важнейшую роль, и ни одной из них не отдашь предпочтение. На то они и стихии жизни. Но очень важно, что по природе своей земля, суша — это среда обитания, а вода — это первая среда, которая была освоена человеком для передвижения, прежде, чем он освоил с этой целью сушу и воз- дух. По воде движется сам человек, по воде распространяется его культура, вода — не только источник жизни, но и носитель жизни. Именно поэтому мы решили назвать нашу между- народную научную конференцию «Водные пути: пути жизни, пути культуры» (Тверь, 15–19 сентября 2015 г.). А цель ее, по нашему замыслу, состояла в том, чтобы понять, каким образом сила воды формирует наше сознание и наше осознание самих себя.

FROM THE MOTHERLAND AS TSARINA TO THE MOTHERLAND AS BABA: DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEMININE ALLEGORIES OF RUSSIA IN THE WORLD WAR I

ОТ РОДИНЫ-ЦАРИЦЫ К РОДИНЕ-БАБЕ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФЕМИНИННОЙ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ РОССИИ В ГОДЫ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ

Author(s): V.B. Aksenov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: World War I; Revolution; Representations; the Motherland; Popular print; Propaganda; Patriotism;

The article deals with development of Russia’s female allegories in the time of World War I in the context of modernization of gender relations in Russian society. The author demonstrates that the image of Russian peasant-woman, baba, became a symbol of Russian revolt during the Russian revolution of 1905- 1907. In the time of World War I this image served as an allegory of Russia, being in competition with both abstract modernist female images and image of Russia as a tsarina. The author makes suggestion that the image of baba, symbolizing active, fertile female type, later contributed to the creation of visualizing Motherland in the Soviet culture.

“EVERYTHING PASSES. ONLY MOTHERLAND REMAINS, THE ONE WHICH WOULD NEVER BE UNFAITHFUL”: IMAGE OF MOTHERLAND IN SOVIET SONG

«ВСЕ ПРОХОДИТ. ОСТАЕТСЯ РОДИНА – ТО, ЧТО НЕ ИЗМЕНИТ НИКОГДА»1: ОБРАЗ РОДИНЫ В СОВЕТСКОЙ ПЕСНЕ

Author(s): Anastasia Stepanova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: Soviet culture; mass song; Motherland; archetype; mythology; identity;

The article analyzes the image of the Motherland as it appears in the Soviet mass song of 1930-80th. The author identifies basic substantive elements of the image, traces the dynamics of its development in a changing socio-political context, and demonstrates its continuity and integrity. The author raises the question concerning the reasons for enduring popularity of Soviet songs on the Motherland. According to the author’s understanding, such popularity is rooted in the conformity of the emerging Soviet identity with the spirit of the agents of the construction of the socialist state. Considering interpretations of the song’s image of the Motherland in the research literature, the author concludes that the value of the image could not be reduced to the need to address particular ideological and mobilization tasks. The author notes that the emotional impact of the song’s image of the Motherland is not related directly to the support or rejection of specific socio-political system, but it is connected with the primary need for a sense of the homeland.

REMEMBER THE MOTHERLAND! COMPETING REALMS OF MEMORY

ПОМНИ О МАТЕРИ-РОДИНЕ! КОНКУРИРУЮЩИЕ МЕСТА ПАМЯТИ

Author(s): Mikhail Yur'yevich Timofeev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: symbolic politics; Motherland; image of Mother; monumental propaganda in the USSR; city space; post-Soviet Russia; politics of memory; realms of memory;

The use of the image of Mother in monumental sculpture, which is part of places of remembrance, is considered in this paper. The author studies the ways, how Mother of the Homeland was included in the symbolic policy in Soviet and post-Soviet times, in regional and ethnic context of cities’ symbolic space. The focus is on reconsideration of the image of Mother of the Homeland monument in Naberezhnye Chelny and also on the discussion, which started with an attempt to reconsider the role of the war memories in Volgograd. The author comes to the conclusion that there is no single explanation of the use of the image of Mother of the Homeland in politics. It can be suggested that many monuments have gained their own unique meaning.

THE "MOTHERLAND" IN THE SYMBOLIC POLITICS IN THE TIME OF THE "SNOW REVOLUTION": LEGITIMATION AND DELEGITIMATION OF POWER

“РОДИНА-МАТЬ” В СИМБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ ПЕРОДА “БОЛОТНОЙ РЕВОЮЦИЙ”: ЛЕГИТИМАЦИЯ И ДЕЛЕГИТИМАЦИЯ ВЛАСТИ

Author(s): Oleg Vjacheslavovich Riabov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: the Motherland; the maternal symbol; symbolic politics; the Post-Soviet Russia; legitimation of power; delegitimation of power; Russian protests (2011-2013);

The article dwells upon the using of the symbol of the Motherland in the discourse of the Russian protests 2011-2013 (the «Snow Revolution»). The author analyses legitimation and delegitimation of power as forms of the symbolic politics. The first part of the article is devoted to role of the symbol of the Motherland in Russian culture. The next section concentrates on employing the symbol in legitimation of power. In the third part the author demonstrates how the protesters exploit two modes of delegitimation of power with the help of the symbol: the «populist» and the «liberal».

"MOTHERS AND DAUGHTERS": FEMALE ALLEGORIES OF RUSSIA’S ETHNIC REGIONS IN THE POSTSOVIET MONUMENTAL RHETORIC

«ДОЧКИ-МАТЕРИ»: ЖЕНСКИЕ АЛЛЕГОРИИ ЭТНОРЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ В ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ МОНУМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ РИТОРИКЕ

Author(s): Denis Sergeevich Dokuchaev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: regional identity; the Motherland; monuments; memorials; symbolic politics; the maternal symbol; the post-Soviet Russia;

The article is devoted to the post-Soviet monumental maternal imagery in Russia’s ethnic regions. The author supposes that monumental sculpture has a special place in the regions’ symbolic space. It serves as a form of ideology. Monuments, bas-reliefs, sculptural groups are used in the visualization of topics, important for the state propaganda. The monumental image, focused primarily on the spatial visualization ability, is more effective than any other arguments. The author analyzes four maternal imageries: "Mother Buryatia", "Mother Chuvashia", "Mother Yakutia" and "Mother-Yugra". All these monuments continue both the pre-revolutionary traditions and the canons of Soviet aesthetics. Maternal monumental rhetoric of Russia’s ethnic regions can be different in form but similar in the content. The idea of the native land, combined with the idea of the mother, is reflected in various monuments.

ON RESEMIOTIZATION AS A FORM OF SYMBOLIC POLITICS (THE "MOTHERLAND" IN POLITICAL PRACTICES OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA)

К ВОПРОСУ О РЕСЕМИОТИЫАЦИИ КАК ФОРМЕ ЦИМБОЛИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ (“РОДИНА-МАТЬ” В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРАКТИКАХ ЦОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПОССИИ)

Author(s): Dimitry Grigorievich Smirnov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: resemiotization; the «Motherland»; symbolic politics; diachrony of symbol; cultural memory; social reality;

The article dwells upon the study of the resemiotization phenomenon as a remarkable form of contemporary symbolic politics of Russia. The first part of the article presents a comparative analysis of symbolization, resymbolization, desymbolization, and resemiotization, reveals the cognitive foundations of resemiotization, offers its definition. In the next section the author demonstrates the specificity of resemiotization in the framework of the symbolic politics. The third part focuses on the cases of resemiotization of the «Motherland» in the symbolic politics of post-Soviet Russia.

FAMILY SYMBOLS IN RUSSIANS' ORDINARY REPRESENTATIONS OF THE MOTHERLAND

СИМБОЛИКА СЕМЬИ В СТРУКТУРЕ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ РОССИЯН РОДИНЕ

Author(s): A.N. Soloviova,T.A. Soloviova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: Homeland; Motherland; Russia; ordinary representations; family symbols; empirical research; survey; gender; age; territorial groups;

The article reflects ordinary representations of homeland as a form of collective knowledge, which helps an individual to orient in surrounding social reality. Empirical materials, presented in the article, reveal the age parameters, the gender differences and the territorial (city and village lifestyle) factors, which influence the formation of the ordinary representations of the Homeland by inhabitants of the Arkhangelsk region of Russia. As a result of the research, general models of the Homeland interpretation are detected (connection of individual and family story, “land – nature – home” chain of meanings, patriotic feelings, emotional attachment), which establish the symbolic center of the ordinary representations. Personal experience of the contemporary Russian social reality is the main source for the ordinary representations of the Homeland, presented by the different groups. This experience is interpreted as both a number of objective factors and subjective feelings.

THE SYMBOL OF THE MOTHERLAND IN THE EYES OF INHABITANTS OF DAGESTAN (BASED ON THE INTERVIEW)

СИМБОЛ РОДИНЫ-МАТЕРИ ГЛАЗАМИ ЖИТЕЛИЕЙ ДАГЕСТАНА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ИНТЕРВЬЮ)

Author(s): U.K. Mutayev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: Symbolic politics; Russian civic identity; the Motherland; Dagestan; peoples of Dagestan;

The article deals with attitudes to the symbol of the Motherland in Dagestan. The author based on the results of the interview points out that the inhabitants of contemporary Dagestan recognize this symbol and associate it with largely the Great Patriotic war. He discerns several points of view and concludes that the inhabitants of Dagestan treat positively this symbol.

THE SYMBOL OF THE MOTHERLAND IN RUSSIAN CULTURE: FOREWORD

СИМБОЛ РОДИНЫ-МАТЕРИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ: ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Author(s): O.V. Ryabov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2015

Материнский образ Родины является одним из наиболее древних, известных и влиятель- ных символов российской культуры. На протяжении нескольких столетий он используется в национальном, этническом, военном, гендерном, демографическом и внешнеполитическом дискурсах. В отечественной интеллектуальной традиции его осмыслению посвящены произ- ведения философской и художественной литературы; он получил визуальное воплощение во многих шедеврах искусства.

TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION: CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION AT THE EASTERN MARGINS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

ЗАКАРПАТСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ: ПРАКТИКА ПРИГРАНИЧНОГО СОТРЗДНИЧЕСТВА НА ВОСТОЧНОМ ПОГРАНИЧЬЕ ЕС

Author(s): M. Zotova,A. Sebentsov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5-6/2015

Keywords: economy of the frontier region; cross-border cooperation; socio-economic gradients; Transcarpathian region; Ukraine;

This article analyzes the ethno-cultural, historical and socio-economic factors, cross-border cooperation on the eastern borders of the EU as an example of the Transcarpathian region. The article assesses the demographic and socio-economic indicators, analyzes the cross-border gradients and the practice of cross-border activities including the assessment of the impact of the border on the daily lives of the population. The authors reveal that the main drivers of cross-border cooperation in the border areas in question are the benefits of using the differences in prices for goods and services in different countries and ethnic and cultural closeness of the peoples living on the opposite sides of the border. The authors describe the main challenges of cross-border cooperation typical for the entire eastern perimeter of the European borders.

THE IMAGE OF A SOVIET BUREAUCRAT IN SATIRICAL CARTOONS OF THE KRUSCHEV THAW PERIOD

ОБРАЗ СОВЕТСКОГО ЧИНОВНИКА В САТИРИЧЕСКИХ МУЛЬТФИЛЬМАХ ЕПОХИ “ОТТЕПЕЛИ”

Author(s): V.P. Vasilyeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5-6/2015

Keywords: Soviet society of the Kruschev Thaw period; animation in the USSR; image of a bureaucrat in the Soviet culture; the problem of bureaucracy in the USSR; animated text analysis;

The paper considers the characteristics of the image of a bureaucrat in the soviet multiplication of the late 1950s – the 1960s. The author reveals the main features of this image, offers the approaches to the work with animated text as a source of study of the socio-cultural history of the Soviet Union, and analyzes the satirical cartoons of the considered period devoted to the problems of interrelations between the authorities and the society.

METAPHYSICS TOURISM: TOURISM AS A WAY OF DESACRALIZATION OF THE WORLD

МЕТАФИЗИКА ТЗРИЗМА: ТУРИЗМ КАК СПОСОБ ДЕСАКРАЛИЗАЦИИ МИРА

Author(s): J.L. Ocean,V.P. Ocean / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5-6/2015

На первый взгляд, может показаться, что метафизика туризма — нечто подобное ба- скетбольному жрецу либо сакральному потребителю. Метафизическое измерение дьявольской арлекинады обусловлено тем, что место метафизики никогда не остаётся пустым: целокуп- ность сущего продолжает по-своему звать человека, а потому символическое место духовной элевации в новой цивилизационной истории постепенно занимает обезьянство в формах не- омифологии прогрессизма, теории эволюции, праксиса альпинизма и космонавтики. Поэтому мы не сможем в полной мере понять истинное измерение философии путеше- ствий или теологии паломничества, не вникнув мыслью прежде того в метафизику туризма: разумеется, мы и в этом случае будем заниматься, конечно, метафизикой, а не туризмом… В своё время Виндельбанд говорил, что не только мир идей Платона нам интересен — но и сам Платон нам интересен; однако же, постепенно в развитии последнего интереса был отодвинут мир идей, которым как раз и собираемся заниматься мы.

TRAVEL: SPACE, IMAGE, REALITY

ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ: ПРОСТРАНСТВО, ОБРАЗ, РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ

Author(s): D. N. Zamyatin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5-6/2015

Пространство возникает из движения — воображаемого, мысленного, метафизического, физического. В сущности, помыслить движение уже может означаться как акт изначального онтологического порождения пространства. Однако значит ли это, что пространство немыс- лимо без движения, или же просто не существует без него? Пространство может воображаться как что-то, несомненно, причастное движению; тем не менее, оно может быть источником и образом покоя, неподвижности, всякой «недвижимо- сти». Всякий раз, когда затевается какое-либо движение, оно исходит, как правило, из некоей точки, пункта, места, которые в данном случае есть эквивалент конкретно, здесь и сейчас, воображаемого и понимаемого пространства. Такова первичная мыслительная позиция, ко- торая, несомненно, может и должна быть модифицирована, изменена, развита в зависимости от рассматриваемой ситуации, в любом новом контексте.