Analysis of spatial differentiation of expenditure on education in Poland

Analiza zróżnicowania przestrzennego wydatków na usługi z zakresu oświaty i wychowania w Polsce

Author(s): Justyna Danielewicz,Maciej Turała / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: communal expenditure; local government budget constraints; expenditures on education

The article objective is to present and analyse the spatial differentiation of expenditures on education. In particular, the article concentrates on assessing how constraining these expenditures are for local government budgets. The authors present spatial differentiation in terms of expenditures on education as well as the constraints for local government budgets caused by these expenditures, based on data from the Local Data Bank (Central Statistical Office). The analysed data covers expenditures on kindergartens, primary schools and middle schools (gimnazjum) carried out by individual communes in 2010.

Voivodeship spatial planning – the essence, opportunities and constraints

Wojewódzkie planowanie przestrzenne – istota, możliwości i ograniczenia

Author(s): Waldemar A. Gorzym-Wilkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: voivodeship; spatial planning; spatial developing

Local government authorities of Polish voivodeships shape the space using spatial development plans for voivodeships. These plans, according to the law, determine the desired shape of elements of the voivodeship space – both tangible and intangible. However, they do not define how to achieve the planned shape of the space. Implementation of voivodeship development plans consists in including stipulations contained in these plans into detailed planning documents drawn up by communes. However, the solutions set out in these documents are narrower in scope – they are focused mainly on tangible elements of the space. Therefore, the majority of stipulations of voivodeship plans, especially those concerning socio-economic phenomena, are not fully implemented. This also results from the relatively low importance of the spatial planning in the structure of tasks of voivodeship local government.

Formulating Psychic Processes as an Armed Struggle Appearing in Polish Phraseology

UJMOWANIE PROCESÓW PSYCHICZNYCH JAKO WALKI ZBROJNEJ, UJAWNIAJĄCE SIĘ W POLSKIEJ FRAZEOLOGII

Author(s): Dorota Połowniak-Wawrzonek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: struggle; phraseology

The metaphor Psychic Processes are an armed struggle shows clearly in Polish phraseology (two types of phrasal connections are conspicuous). Associations between such different spheres as psychic processes and armed struggle arise mostly when opposite forces collide in human psychic. The military metaphor, which appears in descriptions of psychic processes, allows a more suggestive and straightforward description of phenomena which are more complex.

Some Examples of Dictionary Digitization

KILKA PRZYKŁADÓW DYGITALIZACJI SŁOWNIKÓW

Author(s): Janusz S. Bień / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: dictionary; digitization

The simplest way of digitization is scanning pages as graphical images. DejaVu is a format especially designed for efficient and convenient presentation of scanned publications. In Poland it is used, among others, by Digital Library of Wielkopolska. The paper discusses in particular two dictionaries, which have been scanned by Warsaw University Library and later converted to this format. One of them is 17th century Knapski's dictionary, the largest lexicographical work of the period. The second is the monumental geographical dictionary in 15 volumes, published in 1880-1902. Last but not least, the first volume of 16th Century Polish Language Dictionary (work still in progress) in DejaVu format is also announced. All the dictionaries mentioned are freely available on the Internet.

THE CONCEPT OF "CHEMICAL REACTION" AND THE CORRESPONDING OBSTACLES

LE CONCEPT DE "REACTION CHIMIQUE" ET SES OBSTACLES

Author(s): Florentina Ciomoş / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2003

The Concept of "Chemical Reaction" and the Corresponding Obstacles. Research carried out throughout several years pointed out the poor awareness of the concept of chemical reaction by pupils in the first highschool grades. The correct understanding of this overall concept implies identifying the obstacles, by activating them in actual learning situations and ultimately actively overcoming them by becoming aware under the teachers’ guidance. This paper aims at sharing some results got in the process of activating the obstacle-ideas in terms of chemical reaction applied to 10th grades. In order to activate the obstacle-ideas we need to devise thorough complex teaching strategies able to guide the pupils firmly through compulsory sequences, but at the some time, allowing pupils to express themselves freely in group discussions or by answering the teacher’s questions. These questions are asked in order to centre the pupils’ reflexive thinking towards those areas of knowledge which according to our hypothesis can turn into obstacles. Becoming aware of the pupils’ obstacles teachers will be able to devise the most efficient and appropriate strategy, which should help the pupil all along the cognitive process of acquiring the overall concept of chemical reaction.

BOOK REVIEW

RECENZIE - BOOK REVIEW

Author(s): Dumitru Salade / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2003

Musata Bocos, Cercetarea pedagogică. Suporturi teoretice si metodologice, Editura Casa Cărtii de Stiintă, Cluj-Napoca, 2003

THE REFLECTION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE HISTORY IN THE ROMANIAN SCHOOL HISTORY CURRICULUM AND TEXTBOOKS

THE REFLECTION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE HISTORY IN THE ROMANIAN SCHOOL HISTORY CURRICULUM AND TEXTBOOKS

Author(s): Călin Felezeu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

Der Artikel "Die Reflektierung der Geschichte des Ottomanischen Reiches im rumänischen Schulcurriculum und Lehrbücher für Geschichte" nimmt sich eine Analyse des Ottomanischen Phänomäns und dessen Reflektierung in den rumänischen schulischen Lehrplänen und Lehrbüchern vor. Als Neuigkeit stellen wir auch eine geschichtliche Perspektive über diese Phänomen vor, da die ottomanische Geschichte eine Komnstante in den rumänischen Schullehrplänen seit dem 18. Jh. war. Letztendlich wird weiter die Objektivität unterstrichen, wodurch die Ottomanische Geschichte in den rumänischen Geschichtsunterricht reflektiert wird.

THE INDIVIDUALITY AND THE GROUP IN THE NEW PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

THE INDIVIDUALITY AND THE GROUP IN THE NEW PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

Author(s): Ramona Răduţ-Taciu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

The basic idea is that the efficiency of the school microgroups is evidently superior to the individual competencies. ALG may represent social and educational microsystem that contribute to the development of complex activities during instruction and education. They are built on the basis of some microdivision made by the pupils in the classroom and aim at meeting at least two objectives, namely: learning and pupils' socialisation. The teacher's role and activity during these lessons and which ALG works consists in: - choosing the subjects acceptable for group work - documenting on ALG - designing the teaching activities, phasing and timing exactly the individual and group activities so that maximum concentration and learning-oriented motivation increase - direct observation on the way tasks are fulfilled.

THE PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEACHING ACTIVITY

THE PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEACHING ACTIVITY

Author(s): Miron Ionescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

This study focuses on an essential aspect of the educational process, namely teaching. The concept is subjected to an indepth analysis from a pedagogical perspective. First, the essence of teaching is analysed from the point of view of modern pedagogy. Then, the psycho-didactic competencies that are involved in teaching and the pedagogic organisation of the didactic offer are presented. Given its extraordinary complexity, teaching is understood and analysed as an act of pedagogic communication. Therefore, the considerations, examples and conclusions of the study may be useful for students and teachers alike.

BEYOND USING ROLE-PLAY AS A CLASSROOM SPEAKING ACTIVITY

BEYOND USING ROLE-PLAY AS A CLASSROOM SPEAKING ACTIVITY

Author(s): Bianca Doris Bretan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

L’article "Au dela du jeu de rôle en tant qu'activité didactique" veut nuancer la place que ce procédé peut occuper pendant le travail en classe. Quoique utilisé dans le cadre des heures de langues étrangères comme une modalité de dévéloppement de l’expression orale, le jeu de rôle peut accomplir une autre fonction aussi, de grande importance pour nos étudiants ou élèves. Son emploi peut être une "répétition" et une accomodation aux divers rôles que ceux-ci adopteront dans la société. Etre familiarisé à partir de la période de scolarité avec certaines manières de comportement ou de réaction dans diverses situations/rôles rendra plus facile l’accomplissement des tâches par les jeunes gens au moment où ils quitteront l’école. En même temps, l’article apprécie la valeur didactique du jeu de rôle, un des meilleurs moyens d’amélioration du discours oral.

THE ADULT’S IMAGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD DEATH

THE ADULT’S IMAGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD DEATH

Author(s): Enikő Školka / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

This article concerns issues of adult's image, attitude and response to death. There is presented the multidimensional nature of death anxiety (conscious and unconscious fear of death; trait and state fear of death; fear of own death or others). There are analyzed factors which could influence death anxiety in persons (vital danger and NDL phenomena; death of a close person; personality traits; religiousness; demographic variables; professional status; illness). The article presents different coping stiles regarded death. The contradictory data of researches are discussed in the light of a comprehensive model of death anxiety and the postmodern view on meaning making, constructivism and narratives.

THE TEACHERS – AS PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS

THE TEACHERS – AS PRACTITIONERS AND RESEARCHERS

Author(s): Victor Bocoş,Muşata Bocoş / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

L'article traite un aspect encore controversé - la relation entre la recherche scientifique et la pratique éducative. Les auteurs s'interrogent si le professeur est-il seulement un practicien ou également un chercheur dans le domaine des sciences d'éducation?

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Author(s): Mirela Albulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

The exigencies of the New School Curriculum demand shifting emphasis from the quantitative aspects of acquiring knowledge to the formative, qualitative aspects, more precisely to developing skills, without neglecting the theoretical fundaments.

A SELF-ASSESSMENT AND SELF-ADJUSTMENT INSTRUMENT. (FOR THE PREPARATION IN MATHS OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS)

INSTRUMENT D'AUTOÉVALUATION ET D'AUTORÉGLAGE. (CONÇU POUR LA FORMATION MATHÉMATIQUE DES INSTITUTEURS)

Author(s): Gheorghe Pleş / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2003

A self-assessment and self-adjustment instrument. (for the preparation in Maths of the college students). This study begins by presenting the information that resulted from testing the cognitive and motivational level of the first years students from the Teaching Colleges of Schoolteacher - Modern Languages located in Cluj-Napoca, Năsăud and Zalău, focusing on the demanding preparation at mathematics. The conclusions that we reached from the administration of the documents after the beginning of the first year (October 2001) are illustrated in annex 1 and 2. These conclusion reported to the expected purposes of the formation (under the conditions of restricted number of Maths classes in the syllabus which is a total of 140) emphasized the need of an adequate teaching strategy, coherent and performant reflected in the curricular project on paragraph 3. A teaching experiment has been implemented and it is in practice for the group in Năsăud, this project being designed for a better preparation in Maths of the college students. The experimental factor is in fact a set of self-adjustment sheets (annex 3); the control group being from the College in Zalău. The promising results taken from the tested group after three semesters of four, on the basis of statistical processing given by the final assessment and the conclusions that offer an optimistic perspective on the experimental and curricular targets are illustrated in paragraph 3 and 4.

THEFOREIGN LANGUAGE ACADEMIC SEMINAR – A FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACADEMIC SEMINAR – A FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Author(s): Ruxanda Literat / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

This paper describes a framework for training the nonphilological students within the foreign language academic seminar. The challenging issues of the specific educational objectives and activity contents are approached from the systemic perspective of the educational act with personal attempts to reconsider the characteristics and functions of the academic seminar.

FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION - A PREMISE FOR CAREER CHOICE AND TRAINING IN THE CASE OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE

FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION - A PREMISE FOR CAREER CHOICE AND TRAINING IN THE CASE OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEOPLE

Author(s): Vasile Liviu Preda / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

Today’s evolution in technology and in medical, psychological and special education sciences allowed for the appearance of new trends in the understanding of functional rehabilitaion of visually impaired people. The general principles of functional rehabilitation of the visually impaired are based on scientific data confirmed by neurophysiology, neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology and experimental psychology. Increasing the efficiency of the educational /vocational orientation process requires, first of all, putting into practice ways of optimising learning in the case of visually impaired persons. Vocational orientation and training is based on the subject’s background, personality, skils acquired in school and through extra-curricular activities. In the process of vocational orientation of visually impaired persons, both the team members and the young visually impaired should use not only their imagination, but also great care, and a rational pedagogical optimism.

THE PROBLEM SOLVING AND THE STUDY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

LA PROBLÉMATISATION ET L’ÉTUDE DES SCIENCES ET DE LA TECHNOLOGIE

Author(s): Ioan Ciascai,Liliana Ciascai / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2003

The Problem Solving and the Study of Science and Technology. Science and technology offers the ways and methods to understand, make predictions about and adapt our environment. The study of science and technology use the problem solving method. Problem solving are facilitated when students learn to work strategically. Using their experiences, observations and prior knowledge to make aware the discrepancies and contradictions in phenomena and events the students can raise questions. Constructing a precise question, they can define a problem. Finally, the effective problem's solving suppose to plan, to make decision, to monitorise and to reflect over problem's solution process.

CIVIC MISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE TEACHING PROCESS

CIVIC MISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE TEACHING PROCESS

Author(s): Simona-Elena Bernat / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

The mission of the university changed during the 20th century under the influence of scientific and cultural progress. Universities have maintained their initial functions: transmission of culture, professional formation and research, but have added new functions to better respond to the requirements of the community that hosts them: innovation in technology, public instance for critical examination and commitment to civil rights, social justice and reforms. There are five ways in which the civic mission of today’s university can be accomplished: 1. the student is redefined as a consumer 2. the teaching strategies are student-centered 3. the theoretical fundaments of teaching are predominant constructivist 4. service learning is used 5. the graduate is equipped with civic skills The term literacy has gained a new dimension under these circumstances, the dimension of civic literacy.

LEARNING CONCEPTS

LEARNING CONCEPTS

Author(s): Ion Albulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2003

The present article approaches the complex topic of learning concepts as a condition of the teaching activity. We point out in this study the importance of the process of accurate realization of comprehension of the content and of the breadth of the notions, and also the continuity of the process of reflection on the possibilities of pedagogical intervention to ensure the optimal realization of higher order operations: abstractization, generalization, synthesis etc. Instruction centered on the learning of concepts must observe certain exigencies so that the manner of mechanical learning is avoided; to this end the most efficient strategies are based on deductions or inductions. It is extremely important to keep in mind in teaching the age at which students are able to operate with concepts that have no direct connection to the immediate reality. If the learning of concepts is forced on students before they reach the stage of development when they can think logically and abstractly the entire process of understanding can be upset and the student may be forced to merely memorize something that he cannot understand and to accumulate lax. The intellectual trajectory of such a student will not be the continuous one in which knowledge is connected naturally but a steep one in which learning occurs in leaps. By calling attention to the importance of learning and clarifying concepts, the article pleads for increased attention to be paid to this element that underlies the entire system of knowledge of the students.

The new young Russian intelligentsia: the philosophical aspects of the noospheric ecology, anthropology and personology of the 21st century

Новая молодая российская интеллигенция: философские проблемы ноосферной экологии, антропологии и персонологии XXI века

Author(s): G.S. Smirnov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2008

Keywords: noospheric human features; personal noospheric dynamics; noospheric ecology; young Russian intelligentsia.

The article analyses the peculiarities of the forming of young Russian intelligentsia on the base of historical succession of Russian and Soviet intelligentsia. It shows that the efforts for the creation of a natural and cultural environment, and the forming of the spiritual and noospheric education model, conforming to the centuries-old traditions of the development of Russia, are necessary for the formation of such a unique phenomenon.