External effects in urban marketing

Efekty zewnętrzne w marketingu urbanistycznym

Author(s): Jan Polski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: attractiveness of urban products; spatial order; urban marketing

The article is dedicated to the question of researching the attributes of urban areas attractiveness to be applied to urban marketing. One group of marketing tools – quality of urban products and cities as a product for its inhabitants – is discussed in the article. Searching attractive urban products is based on the classification of local external effects. In addition, six aspects of spatial order are taken into consideration: ecological, economic, social, functional, cultural and aesthetic. Suggestions of strategic activities for the improvement of cities attractiveness, their competitiveness and territorial cohesion of regions are given at the end of the article.

Activities aimed at preservation of cultural heritage and multiplier effects in the local and regional economy

Działania na rzecz zachowania dziedzictwa kulturowego a efekty mnożnikowe w gospodarce lokalnej i regionalnej

Author(s): Monika Murzyn-Kupisz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: local development; regional development; monuments; heritage; multiplier effects

Finding effective arguments for protection of monuments, both rationales for spending public means and stimulating activities of private actors, requires taking a broader than conventional approach to the socio-economic benefits created at different spatial scales thanks to conservation, renewal and contemporary usage of heritage objects and sites. Taking into account the diversity of potential impacts of cultural heritage on contemporary development processes, the article focuses on a selected, important aspect of heritage impact, i.e., multiplier effects regarded as basic mechanisms in local and regional development. Different types of multiplier effects and factors determining their size are presented.

Dynamic classification of the European regional space regarding the level of Output innovation identifiers

Klasyfikacja dynamiczna europejskiej przestrzeni regionalnej ze względu na poziom identyfikatorów innowacyjności typu Output

Author(s): Małgorzata Markowska,Danuta Strahl / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: innovation; NUTS 2 regions; positional classification

The article presents research results referring to the transformations occurring in the European regional space regarding Output type of innovation. The research covered 265 European regions at NUTS 2 level, in the period of 1999-2008. The following characteristics were accepted in the course of Output innovation analysis: HIT – workers employed in high and mid-tech industry (as % of workforce); EPO – patents registered in the European Patent Office (EPO) per 1 million of workforce; HIT 2 – share of workers employed in high and midtech industry in the overall number of workforce in industry sector. The classification of European regional space was performed by means of positional classification, which distinguished four classes of regions and grouped them according to different levels of their properties values at two observation moments. The analysis was supplemented by capital regions. The evaluation was also performed with reference to changes occurring in Polish regional space.

The role of eco-innovation in the process of sustainable development of a region

Rola ekoinnowacji w procesie zrównoważonego rozwoju regionu

Author(s): Leszek Kaźmierczak-Piwko,Magdalena Graczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: sustainable development; eco-innovations; regional development; regional system of innovations

The paper presents analyses of innovation as the factor stimulating sustainable development of a region. The most important determinants were presented stimulating their occurrence in the sector of companies. In addition, the attention was focused on the effects of diffusion and absorption of eco-innovations in the regional space from the continuous development perspective.

The role of EU cohesion policy in regional and local economy

Polityka spójności Unii Europejskiej a gospodarka lokalna i regionalna

Author(s): Tomasz Dorożyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: EU Cohesion Policy; local government; regional and local economy

The European Union delivers its cohesion policy in cooperation with the member states. According to the principle of subsidiarity, it is complementary to national regional policies. The cohesion policy of the European Union focuses on specific areas and is aimed at preventing excessive regional economic disparities as well as at ensuring permanent and sustainable growth and increasing competitiveness of all its regions and the EU as a whole. The cohesion policy is aimed at the consolidation of the competitive position of the leading regions and also at improving the situation and stimulating growth factors in peripheral regions. It requires linking interregional policy of the state, implemented at the central level, with intraregional policy of economic development conducted by the government and local government administration at regional and local levels. The main aim of this article was to evaluate the role of EU Cohesion Policy in local and regional economy in the light of local government activities and tasks.

The structure of public aid for entrepreneurs in Poland in the period 2006-2009

Struktura pomocy publicznej dla przedsiębiorców w Polsce w latach 2006-2009

Author(s): Marian Maciejuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: public aid; public aid entity; aid beneficiary; forms of public aid

The study presents public aid granted to entrepreneurs in Poland following Polish accession to the European Union. Empirical identification was applied to public aid for enterprises with regard to aid value, its forms and allocation, entities granting aid and regional diversification in Poland divided by regions, in the period between 2006 and 2009.

Public aid granted to economic entities by Lower Silesian self-governments – dynamics and types of support

Pomoc publiczna udzielona przez dolnośląskie samorządy podmiotom gospodarczym – dynamika i rodzaje wsparcia

Author(s): Tomasz Kołakowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: public aid; Lower Silesian self-governments; economic entities

The main objective of the article is to present the dynamics and directions of public aid granted by Lower Silesian self-governments to the economic entities situated in the area of Lower Silesian Voivodeship in the period between 2004 and 2010. The first part of the study covers brief characteristics of the public aid concept. The second part presents research results performed by the the author based on data obtained from the Competition and Consumer Protection Office. The analysis of granted support was conducted following a few criteria, e.g., granting institution, form of granted aid, legal form and size of the aid beneficiary, allocation and size of granted aid.

Strategies of the European Union regional policy

Strategie Unii Europejskiej w zakresie polityki regionalnej

Author(s): Bogdan Leszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: European Union; Community Strategic Guidelines; regional policy

This article is devoted to the European Union strategy in the field of regional policy. The first part of the article provides a brief introduction to the genesis of the formation of the regional policy in Europe. The next part presents the regional policy objectives and the Community Strategic Guidelines.

Comparative analysis of the level of innovation in regions

Analiza porównawcza poziomu innowacyjności regionów

Author(s): Katarzyna Widera / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: innovation; regional development; aggregate variable

Innovation is one of the determinants of growth. Innovation has become an immanent value of regional development. A comparative analysis was made for Polish regions. Using the aggregate measure, a comparison of the level of innovation of individual objects between 2006 and 2009 has been made. Variables that have acquired the status of diagnostic variables were illustrating the different areas affecting the level of innovation, such as: the quality of human resources, R&D sector and innovative businesses. The empirical material which was analyzed is the secondary data from BDL and GUS.

Financial instruments supporting the innovativeness of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in the light of empirical research

Instrumenty finansowe wspierające innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego w świetle badań empirycznych

Author(s): Krzysztof Krukowski,Maciej Zastempowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: innovativeness; financial instruments; local enterprises; Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

Globalization and a subsequent increase in the intensity of the competition is becoming one of the key processes that shape the image of the modern economy. To meet these phenomena, also in the local aspect, Polish companies must tend to improve their innovativeness. In these operations they base on different financial forms and instruments. The paper presents the most popular financial forms and instruments supporting innovative activity undertaken by the enterprises of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (kujawsko-pomorskie).

Classification of Polish sub-regions (NUTS-3) by economic development level

Klasyfikacja podregionów Polski szczebla NUTS-3 ze względu na poziom rozwoju gospodarczego

Author(s): Beata Bal-Domańska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: regression trees; sub-regions; classification; predicators (factors)

The objective of the present article is to present possibilities for the application of regression trees in order to distinguish sub-regions which are similar with regard to their economic development. The analysis results allowed indicating five classes of sub-regions (NUTS-3) in Poland characterized by the similar level of economic development and described by certain, selected factors (among others: fixed assets value, investments, employment).

Transport as a factor of regional development

Transport jako czynnik rozwoju regionalnego

Author(s): Aleksandra Koźlak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: transport; transport infrastructure; regional development

The paper analyses the role of transport in the economy and points mechanisms that influence regional development. The impact of transport on the development of regions should be considered not only in terms of infrastructure, but also other elements of the transport system. The role of transport accessibility in the diffusion of knowledge and innovation, development human and social capital allows moving this factor to a group of modern factors of regional development.

Regional and local identity as an element of sustainable development of the West Pomeranian region

Tożsamość regionalna i lokalna jako element zrównoważonego rozwoju regionu zachodniopomorskiego

Author(s): Krzysztof Wiktorowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 244/2012

Keywords: sustainable development; identity; culture; West Pomeranian; region

The idea of sustainable development, particularly its European variant strongly emphasizing unity of socio-economic and natural environment conditions, may become the basis for considerations on desirable directions of the present civilization development. The article presents the problem of building communities of regional and local identities in the context of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the West Pomeranian region.

Intellectual Glossary of Seven-Year-Old Children from Urban and Rural Environment Based on Customs and Habits Topic Area

SŁOWNIK UMYSŁOWY DZIECI SIEDMIOLETNICH ZE ŚRODOWISKA MIEJSKIEGO I WIEJSKIEGO NA PRZYKŁADZIE POLA TEMATYCZNEGO ZWYCZAJE I OBYCZAJE

Author(s): Joanna Piłat / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: glossary; child

The article mainly aims at revealing seven-year-old children’s knowledge of notions referring to customs and habits. The research is based on children’s opinions compared with definitions of the notions from two dictionaries: Słownik języka polskiego (The Dictionary of Polish) ed. by Witold Doroszewski (1958-1969) and Inny słownik języka polskiego (A Different Dictionary of Polish) ed. by Mirosław Bańko (2000). The dictionary definitions contain a description of mature knowledge as opposed to common knowledge of the children. The examined children expressed opinions in the form of some connotation qualities associated with a given designate. Few opinions included defining qualities, still fewer included examples of those. Definitions specifying general type were rare which indicates that seven-year-old children are not able to systematize their knowledge of the world. The conducted analysis did not show any differences in frequency of occurrence of each category of opinion between urban and rural children. The ability to define the meaning of a word depends on how clear and close to the children’s experiences the notion is. Information covering the indicated topic area turned out to be flexible and changeable. According to the contents analysis, no matter where the children live, the same words reflect similar areas of children’s experiences. Yet, rural children use more standard opinions, while urban ones apparently make more complex opinions and refer to someone else’s experiences.

THE JUBILEE OF PROFESSOR IRENA MARYNIAK

JUBILEUSZ PROFESOR IRENY MARYNIAKOWEJ

Author(s): Janusz Siatkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: MARYNIAK; JUBILEE

THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PROFESSOR IRENA MARYNIAK

BIBLIOGRAFIA PRAC PROF. DR HAB. IRENY MARYNIAKOWEJ

Author(s): Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: BIBLIOGRAPHY; MARYNIAK; Acta Baltico-Slavica; Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej; Slavia Orientalis

Opinions

Recenzje

Author(s): Bożena Ostromęcka-Frączak,Grzegorz Dąbkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: Business Polish

EWA BIŁAS-PLESZAK, JĘZYK A MUZYKA. LINGWISTYCZNE ASPEKTY ZWIĄZKÓW INTERSEMIOTYCZNYCH, Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach nr 2390, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2005, s. 176. ANNA DUNIN-DUDKOWSKA I ANNA TRĘBSKA-KERNOTOPF, EKONOMIA. TO NIE BOLI. POLSKI JĘZYK EKONOMICZNY DLA CUDZOZIEMCÓW, Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2006, s. 277.

Polish Language at Polish School and at School for Polish Emigrants. An Attempt to Compare Selected Student's Books for Primary School Class 2

JĘZYK POLSKI W POLSKIEJ I POLONIJNEJ SZKOLE. PRÓBA PORÓWNANIA WYBRANYCH PODRĘCZNIKÓW SZKOLNYCH DO DRUGIEJ KLASY SZKOŁY PODSTAWOWEJ

Author(s): Beata K. Jędryka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: emigrant; Polish schools;

In the article the author presents Polish educational contents of Asy z II klasy (Class II Aces), a student's book for the second class of the Saturday Primary School in the USA. She compares the contents of the book with Wesoła szkoła, the book for the Polish second class. The comparison includes the following aspects: orthography, punctuation, grammar, cultural issues and lexis. The analysis raises the questions like: what lexical material should appear in the book for the children of Polish emigrants and what Polish contents it should include.

NAMES - IRENA, CECYLIA AND OTHER NAMES CONNECTED TO THE JUBILARIAN

DROBIAZGI ANTROPONIMICZNE - IRENA, CECYLIA... I INNE NAZWY OSOBOWE ZWIĄZANE Z SZANOWNĄ JUBILATKĄ

Author(s): Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: IRENa; KRYSTYNA; Polish first names

Tautologies Including an Extraneous Component in Contemporary Polish

TAUTOLOGIE Z KOMPONENTEM OBCYM WE WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLSZCZYŹNIE

Author(s): Marek Ruszkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2006

Keywords: tautology

In Słownik pleonazmów i tautologii (Dictionary of Tautologies and Subordinate Connections), prepared by me, there are 307 subordinate connections (77.3%) and 90 coordinate ones (22.7%). Tautology is understood as a coordinate connection of semantically identical elements. The text describes tautologies containing one extraneous component. Examples are extracted both from written and spoken sources of Polish. Tautologies including an extraneous element make 42 connections (of 90), i.e. 46.7%. The remaining 48 connections (53.3%) are structures where both elements are indigenous. The type of tautology under discussion falls into 3 groups: 1. tautologies whose first element is extraneous - 24 (57.1%); 2. tautologies whose second element is extraneous - 16 (38.1%); 3. tautologies whose both elements are extraneous - 2 (4.8%). The prevailing prepositional word order of the extraneous component is determined both semantically (postpositional indigenous element is an explication of extraneous one) and formally, which is based on the Behaghel's law, which says that in word connections including coordinate elements, the shorter element comes first, followed by the longer one.