Perceived Feminine vs Masculine Leadership Qualities in Corporate Boardrooms

Moterų ir vyrų vadovavimo savybių suvokimas organizacijų valdybose

Author(s): Daiga Ergle / Language(s): English / Issue: 74/2015

Keywords: Leadership competencies; Feminine qualities; Masculine qualities; Gender bias; Corporate performance

The author of the article seeks to answer the question about the golden balance of perceived feminine and masculine qualities trying to find out if gender plays any role in today’s leadership. The author presents the review of relevant literature, analyses a survey of dedicated employees of a large local bank, proposes interviews with senior management representatives of three relatively large Latvian companies acting in different industries.Straipsnyje siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokį vaidmenį šių laikų vadovavime turi moterų ir vyrų vadovų savybės ir ar gali būti rastas bendras lyderystės savybių rinkinys. Atlikta literatūros apžvalga ir tyrimas, kurio metu apklausti didžiųjų Latvijos bankų darbuotojai. Taip pat pristatomas interviu, kuriame dalyvavo trijų didžiųjų Latvijos organizacijų vadovai iš skirtingų pramonės šakų.

The Needs that Individuals and Organizations Seek to Fulfil by Contemporary Employment Agreements: The Case of Latvia

Poreikiai, kuriuos asmenys ir organizacijos siekia patenkinti, sudarydami šiuolaikinius darbo susitarimus: Latvijos atvejis

Author(s): Anita Gaile,Ērika Šumilo / Language(s): English / Issue: 74/2015

The paper analyses a contemporary employment deal looking for the answers to the question: “What needs do individuals and organizations seek to fulfil by employment in Latvia?” To answer this question the authors have developed the individual-organizational values exchange model based on E. Schein’s organizational culture formation model suggesting that the behaviour of individuals and organizations mirrors the basic values and needs of both actors. The needs are studied applying A. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.Straipsnyje analizuojami šiuolaikiniai darbo susitarimai, ieškoma atsakymų į klausimą, kokie yra individualių asmenų ir organizacijų poreikiai, kuriuos siekiama patenkinti sudarant darbo sutartis Latvijoje? Siekdami atsakyti į šį klausimą, autoriai suformavo individualių-organizacinių vertybių keitimosi modelį, paremtą E. Schein organizacinės kultūros formavimo modeliu, kuris teigia, kad individų ir organizacijų elgesys atspindi abiejų vertybes ir poreikius. Poreikiai analizuojami remiantis A. Maslow poreikių hierarchija.

Around the Bloc: Russia Denigrates Ukraine Plan To End Diplomatic Relations

Around the Bloc: Russia Denigrates Ukraine Plan To End Diplomatic Relations

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Ukraine; Putin; Russia; Kremlin; Parasyuk; Peskov; diplomatic; relations;

Vladimir Putin’s spokesman describes Ukrainian initiative as ‘bordering on insanity.’

Around the Bloc: Russia Sees Red over Polish Plans to Smash Soviet Statues

Around the Bloc: Russia Sees Red over Polish Plans to Smash Soviet Statues

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Poland; UNESCO; Kaminsky; Soviet; Monuments; demolishment;

Poland wants to demolish about 500 Soviet monuments, but will preserve Red Army soldiers’ graves.

Around the Bloc: Bulgaria Soccer Legend Hristo Stoichkov’s Safari Photos Spark Outrage

Around the Bloc: Bulgaria Soccer Legend Hristo Stoichkov’s Safari Photos Spark Outrage

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Bulgaria; Mebenca; Africa; Stoichkov; Safari; hunt; animals; dead;

Hristo Stoichkov, the Bulgarian striker whose goals took his country to a 1994 World Cup semi-final, has come under fire after posing for pictures with big game safari kills.

Around the Bloc: Russian Deputy: Inaccurate Weather Forecasters Should Be Fined

Around the Bloc: Russian Deputy: Inaccurate Weather Forecasters Should Be Fined

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Russia; Ivanov; Inaccurate; weather forecast; Fined; media; radio;

The lawmakers says that bad meteorology is responsible for ‘damaging Russia's economy.’

On the development of glottodidactics and foreign language teachers training

Rozwój glottodydaktyki a kształcenie nauczycieli języków obcych

Author(s): Hanna Komorowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: glottodidactics; research; foreign languages; teacher education

The article presents the results of the latest research in glottodidactics that can be used while planning and organizing professional training for foreign language teachers. It raises questions that have not been fully discussed yet and presents expectations about teachers’ abilities as well as training needs of teachers working in Poland and abroad. The author of the article analyses a development of foreign language teachers training in Poland over past twenty-five years pointing out its strengths and weaknesses. The author presents the conclusions that could improve teacher education and meet specific needs of foreign language teachers.

Around the Bloc: 10 Arrested in Multi-Million Dollar Bosnian Bank Scam

Around the Bloc: 10 Arrested in Multi-Million Dollar Bosnian Bank Scam

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Bosnia; bank; Bobar; arrest; government; Marka; economy

Clients of defunct Bobar Banka risked losing millions of dollars’ worth of deposits.

Around the Bloc: New Clashes Break Out in Karabak

Around the Bloc: New Clashes Break Out in Karabak

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Azerbaijan; Armenia; Karabakh; fighting; conflict; killed; soldiers;

Three Azerbaijani soldiers reported dead as fighting resumes after a day of relative calm.

Around the Bloc: Poles Protest Against Abortion Ban

Around the Bloc: Poles Protest Against Abortion Ban

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Poland; Kaczynski; Szydlo; protest; abortion; Catholic;;

Government backs Church proposal to tighten restrictions on terminating pregnancy, already among the strictest in Europe.

Around the Bloc: Putin Caught Up in Panama Papers Leak

Around the Bloc: Putin Caught Up in Panama Papers Leak

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Russia; Putin; Roldugin; Panama; papers; Mossack Fonseca; Poroshenko; corrupt politicians;

Russian president is among dozens of world leaders, top officials, and celebrities mentioned in ‘biggest financial leak in history.’

Around the Bloc: Turkmenistan Shows Off New Chinese Missile System

Around the Bloc: Turkmenistan Shows Off New Chinese Missile System

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/05/2016

Keywords: Turkmenistan; China; Russia; foreigm policy; missile system; Islamic State

Development could be a sign of shifting balance of power in Central Asia.

Revealing the Invisible: The Heritagization Process of the Underwater Environment

Revealing the Invisible: The Heritagization Process of the Underwater Environment

Author(s): Caterina De Vivo / Language(s): English / Issue: XXIV/2015

Keywords: heritagization, underwater heritage, narrative

Cultural heritage is not a given concept, it is a social construct. Thanks to the development of the SCUBA divingtechniques, the XXth century saw the gradual heritagization of the underwater environment, with the emergenceof the concept of "underwater cultural heritage" whose most relevant outcome is the 2001 UNESCO Convention onthe Protection of the Underwater Heritage. However, the analysis of six case studies from the Mediterraneancontext shows how the process of institutionalization of underwater archaeology is not completed yet. Moreover,the general public still does not perceive ancient objects lying beneath the water as their heritage. The case of theinvisible underwater heritage was the perfect example which showed how, in order to build a powerful culturalobject (Griswold, 1987: 4), it is necessary to make it really accessible to people and, especially, linked to apowerful narrative. The analysis was developed using the Cultural Diamond (Griswold, 2004: 16) as a descriptivemodel and Schudson's (Schudson, 1989) five dimensions as an analytical tool.

Planning lessons and didactic units – models and schemas

Planowanie jednostek lekcyjnych i metodycznych – modele i schematy

Author(s): Iwona Janowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: teaching methods; task-based teaching; planning lessons

The aim of the article is to point out the risk that lies in the uncontrolled freedom of choosing methods and techniques of teaching foreign languages. The author also tries to find solutions to this problem. In the first part of the article the main methodological conceptions are presented. The need to remain coherent is underlined here. Some of the most commonly used schemas of foreign language lessons are presented by the author. Characteristics of CEFR concludes the first part of the article. CEFR is regarded as an element, which links past and present in glottodidactics. The second part of the article contains hints and remarks on planning lessons and methodological units. The author concentrates on task-oriented teaching, she explains the specific character of task-based lessons and suggests how to keep such lessons coherent.

Stakeholder Participation in the Polish Baltic Sea Commercial Fishing Fleet

Stakeholder Participation in the Polish Baltic Sea Commercial Fishing Fleet

Author(s): Elisabeth Figus / Language(s): English / Issue: XXIV/2015

Keywords: Common Fisheries Policy, Commercial Fisheries, Stakeholder Participation, Poland, Baltic Sea

This article explores shifts in participation by artisanal Polish fishermen in management of the Atlantic cod (Gadusmorhua) fishery since accession to the European Union. The European Union works to promote the long-termpresence and influence of artisanal fishermen throughout Europe, and entering into the European Union systemincluded an enhanced focus on stakeholder participation in Polish fisheries. However, impacts of this on artisanalfishermen have not been clear. For this project, shifts in participation by Polish artisanal fishermen in existingstakeholder forums were explored. A list of stakeholder groups in the Polish fishery was formulated, andstakeholders from multiple groups were interviewed about the fisheries management process. Participation byartisanal fishermen over time was qualitatively analyzed using inductive content analysis. Interview responses didnot suggest that artisanal fishermen have experienced a marked increase in participation in the EU CFP systemsince accession in 2004. Although an increased number of potential spaces for them to participate exist, projectparticipants did not identify artisanal fishermen as consistently or effectively active within them. This research istimely and important, because it addresses potential impacts of EU accession on artisanal fishermen in Poland. Atthe same time, descriptions of participation outlined in this paper are preliminary,

In the darkness of a tunnel. On lexical plateau

W ciemnościach tunelu, czyli o zjawisku leksykalnego plateau

Author(s): Anna Seretny / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: B2 level; learning curve; vocabulary learning plateau; enlarging vocabulary; form-focused teaching; lexical interference

Level B (Independent user) is a specific stage in the process of language education because it consists of two completely different levels of language proficiency. The objectives and content of teaching on B1 level (Threshold or intermediate) and B2 (Vantage or upper intermediate) are incompatible when it comes to quantity and quality. It is necessary to choose different methods of teaching/learning at B2 level, otherwise the progress in learning can be slowed (the language learning plateau). The aim of the article is to present the specifics of learning vocabulary at B2 (Vantage or upper intermediate) level and provide some didactic strategies that can help teachers to minimize the plateauing of language learning and its effects. They can also help students in learning new vocabulary effectively.

Problems (for foreigners and Polish language teachers) that pronunciation of numerals causes

Problemy (cudzoziemców i lektorów języka polskiego) z wymową liczebników

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: pronunciation; numerals; assimilation; orthophonic norm

The article presents problems, which are encountered by foreigners and native speakers when pronouncing and accentuating Polish numerals. The most common phonetic mistakes are described and the mechanism that leads to their occurance explained. The article concludes with a list of Polish numerals with their phonetic transcription, which shows their correct pronunciation – the one that should be considered as the model pronunciation in official statements and/or accepted in everyday speech.

Inflectional errors in texts written by Slovenian students of Polish Studies in Ljubljana

Błędy fleksyjne w tekstach pisanych przez słoweńskich studentów polonistyki w Lublanie

Author(s): Maria Wtorkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: language mistakes; inflection errors; interferences; Polish language; Slovenian language

The aim of the article is to analyse the inflectional errors in texts written by Slovenian students of Polish Studies in Ljubljana. The collision of two grammatical systems (in this case: Polish and Slovenian) leads to numerous mistakes. As a result the inflectional errors appear in both spoken and written texts. The incorrect forms have been analysed in the article and the reason for their occurance described. Special attention was paid to mistakes that can result from the influence of the Slovenian language. The analysed material was gathered by the author of the article herself and it comes from the written works of the Polish language students from Ljubljana. The analyses aim to explain the reasons for the errors. This should result in reflection on the effective methods of teaching that could prevent the occurance of such errors.

An eclectic approach to teaching Polish language abroad based on the example of Stanisław Barańczak’s “Garden party”

Podejście eklektyczne w nauczaniu polszczyzny za granicą na przykładzie wiersza Stanisława Barańczaka „Garden party”

Author(s): Ewa Lipińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: heritage language; eclectic approach; techniques of teaching; integrated interdisciplinary teaching;practical solutions;

The article discusses the problem of teaching Polish as a heritage language, outside of Poland and when the number of teaching hours is limited. In such a situation it is worthwhile to integrate subsystems and language skills as well as combining the curricula of a range of subjects. This eclectic approach seems to be effective here. The approach is described not as a set of random actions, but as well-thought out and coherent procedures. The article uses the example of Barańczak’s “Garden party” to present how different techniques can be applied in teaching. It also underlines the necessity of using different media, which makes language education more modern and more attractive.

Governance to Support Multi-use Platforms at Sea: Recommendations from Discourse Analysis

Governance to Support Multi-use Platforms at Sea: Recommendations from Discourse Analysis

Author(s): Sander van den Burg,Thomas Rammelt,Marian Stuiver / Language(s): English / Issue: XXIV/2015

Keywords: North Sea, discourse analysis, multifunctional use, governance, multi-use platforms at sea

There is growing focus on multi-functional use of the marine environment. The solution presented is to combinedifferent economic activities in ‘multi-use platforms at sea’ (MUPS). An expanding body of literature focusses onthe economic, technical or social challenges that follow from combining these different functions at sea. CurrentDutch policy sees MUPS as a promising way to make the most out of scarce space available but present rules andregulations not supportive of MUPS.To find the right mode of governance for developing MUPS one needs a discourse coalition with a shareddefinition of (1) the problem tackled, (2) the solution it brings, (3) the solutions envisioned (including design anduser functions) and (4) the role of various actors in bringing about these solutions. In this article we present adiscourse analysis of the North Sea on the governance of MUPS.It shows that there is no single shared discourse but that there are contesting views on what MUPS are orshould be. Although some convergence of discourse takes place, the question whose problem is solved by MUPSremains unanswered: do they solve public problems such as nature conservation and spatial planning or areMUPS the solution to high Operation and Maintenance costs? This hampers the development