Social Care in Slovak Families with Dependant Members

Zabezpečovanie starostlivosti v rodinách so závislými členmi

Author(s): Bernardína Bodnárová,Daniel Gerbery / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 4/2006

Keywords: social care; social care services; families with dependent members

The paper presents selected results from representative empirical survey on social care in Slovak families with dependant members and their request for social care services. It focuses on analysis of current forms of care within families and profiles both of care-givers and care-recipients. The survey, the results are coming form, has been carried out by team at the Centre for Work and Family Studies in 2005.

Current research on Fr. fon Hajek and the spontaneous order of the market society

Актуално изследване върху Ф. фон Хайек и спонтанния ред на пазарното общество

Author(s): Dimiter Kanev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

REFERENCE to Коева, Стефка. Пазарът като спонтанен ред. Приносът на Ф. А. Хайек. Варна, СТЕНО, 2002, 271 с.

A new vision on the distribution of income and wealth

Нов поглед върху разпределението на доходите и богатството

Author(s): Assen Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

The globalization of the contemporary world rapidly changes the economic theories, principles and systems. However, conservatism is still in force in many respects. An attesting example is the system of distribution of income, which even today, has for its basis classical and neoclassical views dating back to Smith, Ricardo and A. Marshal. This article examines a new system of factors of production and on this basis a conclusion is drawn that the classical system has become obsolete in this respect. The new factors of exclusive importance to the efficient distribution of the resources and the productivity of labor are the sum of the knowledge accumulated during the historical process, and the economic system constituted in the progress of the historical process. On the basis of these factors inherited by the people of this generation and the product created with their assistance, the theoretical (as of this moment) possibility for a new, more equitable, system of distribution of income and wealth is examined.

Conditions for existence of optimal biactive portfolio

Условия за съществуване на оптимален двуактивен портфейл

Author(s): Rosen Nikolaev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

Some aspects connected with biactive portfolio of stocks are examined. The notions of σ- and V-portfolio and respectively σ- and V-optimal portfolio are defined. The assertion of the existence of V-biactive portfolios is formulated and proven. Some conditions are drawn out in the presence of which, between the stocks of two companies, from the existence of V-portfolios derives the existence of σ-portfolios and vice versa. The obtained theoretical results are applied for examination of the existence of σ- and V-portfolio between some stocks in the stock market in Bulgaria for ten of the most traded company stocks.

Fundamental methodology of economic analysis

Фундаментална методология на икономическия анализ

Author(s): Pano Loulanski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

REVIEW of Миркович, Камен. Микроикономика. Първо издание. С., Тракия М, 2003, 1125 с.

Services, human capital and the "cost-output" model

Услугите, човешкият капитал и моделът “разходи-продукция”

Author(s): Nikolay Dimitrov,Nikolay Igov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

The issue of human capital bears an important significance on carrying out the reforms in Bulgaria. In this junction this article concentrates on the following problems: The "Cost - Output" Model is implemented in the field of services with the aim to reveal in greater extent their role in forming human capital. This enables the extensive research of the structure of The Service System and its links with other systems of society; the internal links of the Service Sector are bound by intersectoral links under the form of an expanded Cost-0utput Model. This opens an opportunity to specify the material products, needed for the normal function of every subsystem of services; for investigation of these models The Components - Size Analysis is implemented. The components-size of the elements making up the service system is established; the material products needed for the normal function of the service system are divided into two types resulting from the manner of their usage in the process of running the services - single or multiple usage.

The new economy: models of government policy

“Новата икономика”: модели на правителствена политика

Author(s): Atanas Leonidov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

This article intends to clarify the role of economic policy under the conditions of The New Economy. It sustains the concept that the changes in the economic policy bear a lasting character and represent a natural result from the action of new factors of growth on both national and global scale. It uncovers the succession of the new models of government policy to the philosophy of the traditional economic theory manifesting itself in its fundamental principles and rules of ensuring macroeconomic stability, openness and competition.

The state policy for small and medium enterprises in Bulgaria

Държавната политика за малките и средните предприятия в България

Author(s): Plamen Puchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2003

The peculiarities of the government policy regarding the small and medium firms in the period after 1989 are analized having in mind the lack of entrepreneur tradition in Bulgaria. The substantial role of the Small Business in the consolidation of the market economy and democracy is underlined. In connection with this the policy of the state to assist the sector is examined in several aspects - presence/lack of: political will; know-how for the respective priorities at higher political level; timely application of the planned measures; availability of resources and socioeconomic framework. The four basic directions are outlined, in which the attention of the industrial state is ordinarily guided to carry out the measures of the economic policy for rendering assistance of the entrepreneur activity under the present day conditions. By pointing out appropriate empiric examples the policy of Bulgaria regarding the Small Business is defined as lagging behind in efficiency compared to the policies of both the EU and the Vishegrade Group. Five conclusions are drawn out, summarizing the specifics and deficiencies of the purposeful influence of the state as regards entrepreneurship and small business in Bulgaria.

The Making of Sami Ethnography: Contested Authorities and Negotiated Representations

The Making of Sami Ethnography: Contested Authorities and Negotiated Representations

Author(s): Kristin Kuutma / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: collaborative ethnography; ethnographic authority; Sámi studies; representation; voice

This contribution analyzes the interplay of ethnographic and poetic agendas, the negotiation of synergetic or conflicting objectives in the production and editing of a seminal representation of the Sámi, Muitalus sámiid birra. My main focus is on the collaborative effort of the publication process, to investigate the emergence and negotiation of representational authority, of cultural poetics, of social and cultural critique, in order to defy the preconception of a passive informant of a cultural experience. The Sámi narrator Johan Turi is discussed, instead, as an active agent in providing a voice to the Sámi people in the collaborative process of ethnography writing. My approach is interdisciplinary, being inspired by different inquiries in anthropology and cultural history, while adding a subjective interpretation in discerning the production of a multifaceted ethnographic representation, both by the cultural insider and the inquisitive outsider.

Sickness, Hygienic Education and Village Practice: Tuberculosis in the Life of a Cobbler

Sickness, Hygienic Education and Village Practice: Tuberculosis in the Life of a Cobbler

Author(s): Tuija Saarinen / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: health; tuberculosis; village society; everyday life

The understanding of sickness and health depends on culture and age and is a part of our worldview. Sickness and health are thus in a central position in human life. Tuberculosis, for example, was formerly a common disease in Finland. Before the Second World War there did not exist medicines that cured people of tuberculosis. The first concord of antibiotics was received in 1947. Vaccinations against tuberculosis started on a mass scale in the following year. The article focuses on one person, who suffered from tuberculosis. He was a village cobbler called Juho Mäkäräinen (1892–1967). The study draws on a variety of sources including the villagers’ interviews, Juho Mäkäräinen’s autobiography and letters. All sources deal with the writers’, their relatives’ or neighbours’ health. Life in a village society was concentrated on health and its care. Very much attention was focused on hygienic education, as well. Because infectious diseases like tuberculosis were feared, most people tried to hide their disease in order not to be ostracised. Thus tuberculosis and its influence on the course of human life is a part of our common history of everyday life.

Votian Village Feasts in the Context of Russian Orthodoxy

Votian Village Feasts in the Context of Russian Orthodoxy

Author(s): Ergo-Hart Västrik / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: Votians; Christian folk religion; folk calendar; village feasts; Russian Orthodoxy

This article considers Votian village feasts that evidently belong to the sphere of Christian folk religion. Village feasts are analysed as expressions of collective activity in pre-industrial rural society that enclosed certain religious, social and economic functions. This phenomenon of celebrating collectively certain days of church calendar, which included ritual activities in village chapels or other local sanctuaries, common meals and heavy drinking as well singing and dancing in the course of 3–4 days, was a part of common Russian Orthodox tradition shared by several ethnic groups throughout North-West Russia in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Despite the fact that this phenomenon was familiar to the wider community of Russian Orthodox believers, there were obviously certain local characteristics and variation typical to Votian tradition. However, Votain village feasts are studied in the article in the context of Russian Orthodoxy, without favouring assumed pre-Christian elements of the Finno-Ugric religions.

Places of Memory in the Red Vyborg of 1918

Places of Memory in the Red Vyborg of 1918

Author(s): Outi Fingerroos / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: Civil War; death; ritual; memory; places of memory

The Karelian Isthmus belonged to Finland until 1939. The period between the World War I and the World War II was a time of rapid contextual change and ended the difficulties caused by modernisation aggravated in the year 1918. Divine-like authorities were posed in a new light and the Civil War of 1918 set the whole nation before direct aggression and “Red” revolutionism. The ”Whites” won the war at the expense of the ”Reds”. Young nation (Finland gained independence in 1917) was compelled to define its relation to Reds and Whites – Whites were chosen. Also the Lutheran church was officially against Red anarchy and bolshevism. The situation around the reminiscence concerning the Red victims of the Civil War 1918 in Finland is complicated. The question of the problem of meaning and publicity plays a central role in the logic concerning the ritual performance and memory of the Civil War 1918 in the city of Vyborg. There is public and private silence and even prohibition to be connected with deaths, memory and places. It has continued until these days. At the same time the official history was put on a favourable form and there were clear limits for the official narratives. The victory of the “Whites” was interpreted as a victory for the independence of the Finnish nation. The history of the “Reds” became a national anomaly: forgotten and invisible. The atmosphere of concealing continued until the 1960s, when especially Finnish literature took pioneer steps towards the more open minded interpretation of history. On the other hand, the inheritance of concealing still exists – especially when it comes to oral history.

Nenets Folklore in Russian: The Movement of Culture in Forms and Languages

Nenets Folklore in Russian: The Movement of Culture in Forms and Languages

Author(s): Karina Lukin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: Nenets; authenticity; folklore studies; narrative; discourse

In this methodological article the question of authenticity of folklore material is discussed. The article deals mainly with the research history of Nenets folklore studies and examines critically two of its paradigms, namely the so-called Finno-Ugric paradigm and the Soviet studies. It is argued that in these paradigms there existed biases that prevented the students to study certain kind of folklore material. The biases were related to the language and the form of the material: due to these biases folklore performed not in Nenets and not in forms defined traditional were left outside collections and research. Furthermore, it is shown that Russian speech and narratives embedded in speech are part of Nenets everyday communication and thus also material worth studying and collecting. Instead of the criticised paradigms the Nenets discourse is examined within the notions of communication centered studies that have gained attention since the 1980s.

From a Fratricide to a Family Memory

From a Fratricide to a Family Memory

Author(s): Riina Haanpää / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: oral history; family history; narration; interpreting; unusual death

When a research deals with researcher’s own family history, a significant challenge is presented: “What is the significance of the familiarity the researcher has for their object of research? What is the researcher’s role and how their own memories influence their work?” In this article I explore the possibilities my own family history offers by observing a fratricide that took place in my family, as well as the narrations it has created. My grandfather’s brother Veikko, while drunk, stabbed and killed his brother Väinö in Kauhajoki in 1974. In my family, the event has been handled in various ways, and due to its uncommonness it has also been the theme of many stories which unveil our family’s history and present lives as well as the relationships inside the family. I have chosen three interviewees as an object of closer inspection. With these interviews, I explore Väinö’s death and the attitudes towards it: “How has the killing been interpreted inside the family and what has it meant to the family” I also examine the reactions towards the death in the society and the South-Ostrobothnian culture. Because the examined manslaughter is also inside my family viewed as an unusual death, it is interesting to raise conversation on divergent deaths in general. I will thusly also observe the point of views presented in the interviews and examine them in correlation with the researches done on divergent death.

Remarks on the Historic-geographic Method and Structuralism in Folklore Studies: the Puzzle of Chain Letters

Remarks on the Historic-geographic Method and Structuralism in Folklore Studies: the Puzzle of Chain Letters

Author(s): Elo-Hanna Seljamaa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: history of folkloristics; historic-geographic method; structuralism; chain letters; paradigms

Structuralism in folklore studies was in many ways a reaction against the previous scholarship and the historic-geographic method in particular. In this paper the relationship between the two is analysed through a comparison between Walter Anderson’s historic-geographic and Alan Dundes’ structuralist treatment of chain letters. Anderson published his article on types of Estonian chain letters in 1937, whereas Dundes dealt with chain letters repeatedly in the 1960–70s. Drawing on T. Kuhn’s concept of paradigm as a “way of seeing the world”, the article examines the concept of folklore and folklore studies proposed by either scholar in his discussion of chain letters and seeks to interpret his reasons for taking interest in such a phenomenon. It argues that rather than being incommensurable, the historic-geographic method and structuralism as represented by Anderson and Dundes share an understanding of folklore as a collection of classifiable single items characterised by simultaneous variation and stability.

Does Sense of Place Still Exist?

Does Sense of Place Still Exist?

Author(s): Helena Ruotsala / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2008

Keywords: place; locality; Lapland; landscape; tourism

In this article my aim is to discuss place, locality and their role and changed significance in the ethnological studies. I argue that although the meaning and role of place have been changed, place still is an important concept in ethnology. Researches are now paying more attention to the changed nature of the concept, e.g. for the multivocality of places. The anthropological literature on space and place forms my theoretical framework, with which I study some empiric cases from my familiar environment, from Finnish Lapland and from Kola Peninsula. ‘Place’, in my examples the sieidi of Taatsi, Lake Seidjavr, the Pallas fells or the tourist centre Levi, can have a unique reality for each inhabitant and visitor. While the meanings may be shared with others, the views of the place are often likely to be competing, and contested in practice. According to Margaret Rodman (2004: 207), researchers should empower place by returning control over meanings of place to the rightful producers, and empower their own analysis of place by attending to the multiplicity of local voices found about place.

June Jordan taught me: poem is always true (interview with Jan Heller Levi)

June Jordan Me Naučila: Pjesma Je Uvijek Istina- intervju Jan Heller Levi

Author(s): Jan Heller Levi,Tomica Bajsić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01+02/2005

Newyorška pjesnikinja Jan Heller Levi dobitnica je znamenite nagrade “Walt Whitman” Akademije američkih pjesnika i niza drugih, poput George Bogin Memorial – Pjesničkog društva Amerike – i nagrade “Emily Dickinson” 2001. Njezine se pjesme pojavljuju u brojnim cijenjenim književnim časopisima, kao što su Ploughshares, Antioch Review, New Orleans Review i Pequod. Profesorica je poezije na Hunter’s Collegeu, sveučilištu grada New Yorka, smještenom na presti žnoj Park aveniji, poznatoj nam iz raskošnih filmova, a njena s nestrpljenjem očekivana nova zbirka pjesama Skyscapes, u izdanju Louisiana University Pressa, pojavit će se u izlozima knjižara u prosincu, nešto prije snijega, Santa Clausa i božićnih praznika.

Poems

Svok je fiordelmondo * Iza uglova Berlina * Adrese se mijese * Sjedim u dnu svijeta * Ožiljak na uhodnič kom uhu

Author(s): Tahir Mujičić,Sead Begović,Saška Rojc,Ivica Prtenjača,Tonko Maroević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01+02/2005

Svok je fiordelmondo; Iza uglova Berlina; Adrese se mijese; Sjedim u dnu svijeta; Ožiljak na uhodnič kom uhu;

Mister Cogito against monsters in lenjinesque jacket

Gospodin Cogito protiv čudovišta u lenjinovskoj jakni

Author(s): Zbigniew Herbert / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01+02/2005

Zbigniew Herbert, poljski pjesnik, esejist i dramatičar, rodio se 1924. godine u Lavovu gdje je boravio i u vrijeme izbijanja Drugog svjetskog rata, te sovjetske i njemačke okupacije. Godine 1943. seli se u Krakov. U vrijeme rata bio je povezan s najvećom konspirativnom poljskom vojnom organizacijom, Zemaljskom armijom, čije su pripadnike nakon svršetka rata progonile komunističke vlasti. Zbigniew Herbert je studirao polonistiku, ekonomiju, pravo i filozofiju. Stekao je titule magistra prava i ekonomije. Godine 1950. debitirao je kao pjesnik objavljivanjem triju svojih pjesama u tjedniku Dzis i jutro.

Čitati poeziju

Čitati poeziju

Author(s): Tonko Maroević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 01+02/2005

Namjeravao sam pisati o pisanju poezije, odati pohvalu intuiciji, imaginaciji, invenciji autora i počastiti najiskonskiji čovjekov govor. Mislio sam istaknuti kako dobra poezija nije nikad puko osobno iskustvo, nezavisno od genijalnosti ili vještine onoga koji je potpisuje, nego sukus i sublimacija dugotrajne jezične prakse, na neki način povlašteni govor kolektiva, jamstvo njegove dijakronije, povijesti, trajanja.