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Social potential of communities of the Vistula lagoon in 2003-2012

Potencjał społeczny gmin zalewu wiślanego w latach 2003-2012

Author(s): Anetta Waśniewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: social potential; population; the Vistula Lagoon; correlation

The area of municipalities of the Vistula Lagoon covers an area of 1534 km2 with a population of about 200 thousand people. It consists of ten municipalities: three urban, three urban-rural and four rural ones. According to this division, the analysis of the social potential discussed from the demographic perspective of variables for the years 2003-2012 was made in the article, taking into account: population, population growth rate, population density, unemployment rate, total employment and the rate of feminisation. The purpose of the article was to analyze the correlation coefficient between variables occurring and the appointment of relationships that have the greatest and the smallest impact on social potential. The population as regards total employment, has the biggest positive influence on the social potential of lagoon communities while the largest negative correlation was obtained for the unemployment rate and total employment.

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Taxonomic method in the examination for environmental competitiveness of poviats of Świętokrzyski Voivodeship

Metoda taksonomiczna w ocenie środowiskowej konkurencyjności powiatów województwa świętokrzyskiego

Author(s): Paweł Dziekański / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: region; natural environment; competitiveness; taxonomy; synthetic indicator

The evaluation of actions of local governments should take into account, inter alia, financial management, the level of competitiveness and development, human capital and infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to indicate the possibility of using taxonomic methods for the assessment of environmental competitiveness of poviats in Świętokrzyskie for 2003, 2005, 2011, 2012. The competitiveness of regions may be an advantage because of their material resources and intellectual potential. The analysis indicates that both the level of own income and expenditure affect the studied phenomenon. In the analysed context the best are kielecki, sanodmierksi and starachowicki poviats, and the weakest: pińczowski, włoszczowski and kazimierski.

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Limitations of small firms in using external sources of support for their survival

Ograniczenia małych firm w wykorzystaniu zewnętrznych źródeł wsparcia dla ich przetrwania

Author(s): Jarosław Ropęga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: survival of small businesses; small business limitations; small business support

The impact on creating the conditions for economic activity, in particular micro and small businesses, is a part of the policy on both the social and economic sphere in the European Union countries. The economic and social consequences of this policy are increasingly discussed, pointing out the benefits and risks of its implementation. In addition to the undoubted social benefits relevant to the stimulation of entrepreneurship among the citizens and moving some of them from the sphere of the employee to the employer (for example, self-employment), the sense of independence and freedom in making business decisions, there are comments on the high rates of liquidation of the newly created (often subsidized) companies, unprepared entrepreneurs, disappointments and financial burdens. This situation points to the need to identify the factors limiting the rational use of forms of support for small businesses.

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Cluster policy in the regions as strengthening the competitiveness of SME

Polityka klastrów w regionach jako wzmacnianie konkurencyjności MSP

Author(s): Karolina Olejniczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: cluster; region; competitiveness; SME; development

The principle of a social market economy, presupposes the existence of regulators of business processes. These regulators create the state. They can affect the elements of the market mechanism. The challenges of the modern economy make companies ensure an adequate level of competitiveness. In view of global competition membership of the cluster structures can be a way of building sustainable growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore it is worth looking at effective operations aimed at supporting the development of clusters, both in Poland and in other countries. The author focuses on the selected cluster initiatives in Poland, Germany and Switzerland.

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E-government and the efficiency of public sector

E-administracja a efektywność sektora publicznego

Author(s): Natalia Mańkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: e-government; public sector efficiency; bureaucracy; corruption

The paper discusses the issue concerning the relationship between the electronic administration and efficiency of the public sector. The aim of the article is to show the role of public organizations in shaping an effective public sector and to examine the impact of the development of public services provided electronically on the level of bureaucracy, corruption and administrative transparency in the European Union. The factors identified above are considered to be the primary source of inefficiency of the public sector, restricting the economic management of public property.

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DEA model to evaluate the efficiency of the public universities in Poland

Model DEA do oceny efektywności funkcjonowania publicznych uniwersytetów w Polsce

Author(s): Andrzej Szuwarzyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis; Assurance Region Global; efficiency; universities

Public higher education in Poland, taking into account risks arising from the demographic situation, requires analyzing the efficiency of its performance. This paper presents a model designed to evaluate the efficiency of universities, taking into account five main areas of their activity: research, staff development, teaching, quality and financing. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used. The disadvantage of conventional DEA models is assigning zero weights to the variables characterizing the inputs and outputs. Hence the Assurance Region Global model, with restrictions on weights, which improves the power of discrimination, was applied. Based on available data from 2011 the efficiency of 17 Polish public universities was evaluated, and the directions of the desired changes, leading to the full efficiency by inefficient universities, were indicated.

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The structure of holdings in the balkan states candidating to the European Union

Struktura obszarowa gospodarstw w krajach bałkańskich kandydujących do UE

Author(s): Anna Jankowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: candidate countries to the EU; structure of arable lands; concentration of arable lands

The paper presents the structure of agricultural holdings in the Balkan countries which candidate to the EU (CC), on the background of their historical circumstances. To characterize the degree of concentration of agricultural land Lorenz concentration was calculated. The structure of farms in all analyzed countries is similar, as there is a lot of small farms, mainly producing for subsistence and a small number of large farms previously owned by the state. Among the analyzed CC the best farm structure is characterized by Montenegro, which recorded the highest concentration of land resources in a small group of holdings. In turn the fragmented structure of farms and the lowest coefficient of Lorenz concentration is in Albania and Kosovo. In the past few years in all the surveyed countries there has been an increase in the average farm size. However, the agrarian structure is still significantly fragmented as a result of, inter alia, historical events.

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Barriers to the development of enetrprise of smes sector on the example of the Lublin Voivodeship

Bariery rozwoju przedsiębiorczości sektora MSP na przykładzie województwa lubelskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Sosińska-Wit,Karolina Gałązka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: entrepreneurship; SMEs; development barriers

Enterprises of SMEs allow to build lasting foundations for the economic growth. They create the most jobs, are flexible, easily adaptable to customer expectations, as well as to changing economic conditions. The subject of this article is to provide conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, and an indication of barriers and constraints to their development. The review of the development of entrepreneurship in the SME sector has been prepared based on surveys conducted in 242 entities in the Lublin Voivodeship in 2013. The subjective opinions of business owners on the operating conditions and constraints to development entities in the period 2010-2013 have been examined.

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The program INTERREG IV a as an instrument to support tourism in the west Pomeranian Voivodeship

Program INTERREG IV a jako instrument wspierania turystyki w województwie zachodniopomorskim

Author(s): Agnieszka Małkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: cross-border cooperation; tourism; the INTERREG IV A Programme; West Pomeranian Voivodeship; Euroregion Pomerania

The article presents the issues of development of tourism in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in the period 2007-2013. The aim of the study was to distinguish and present activities to support tourism, which were to conducted by co-financing from the INTERREG IV A, under cross-border cooperation in the Euroregion Pomerania. The article presents an analysis of the INTERREG IV A budget with regard to tourism projects.

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Pro-development readiness of polish SMEs for absorption of support under the new programming perspective 2014-2020

Prorozwojowa gotowość polskich MŚP do absorpcji wsparcia w ramach nowej perspektywy programowej 2014-2020

Author(s): Monika Fabińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: SMEs; absorption of support; new programming perspective 2014-2020; rankings of innovation

Another programming perspective for 2014-2020 is the last such an opportunity to gain support for innovative activity of SMEs and to bridge the gap between Polish companies and companies located mainly in the regions of Germany, Scandinavia and the Benelux countries. The aim of the article is to provide an initial response (based on the analysis of existing data and own research on a regional level) to the question whether Polish SMEs are prepared in terms of pro-development to absorb support in subsequent years and to draft recommendations how this absorption can possibly be enhanced.

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Revealed comparative advantage of Poland in trade with china in the years 1995-2012

Przewaga komparatywna Polski w handlu z chinami w latach 1995-2012

Author(s): Małgorzata Fronczek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: Polish foreign trade; Revealed Comparative Advantage in trade

The aims of this article are the analysis of the structure of Poland’s trade with China, the position of China as a supplier and a customer of Poland, and the revealed comparative advantage in turnovers with the most important trade partner of our country. The analysis refers to the period 1995-2012. The data presented in the paper indicate that the share of the China in Polish export and import increased in the researched period. China is one of the most important suppliers of Poland (the share of China in import is almost 9%). The main subjects of Polish trade are: basic metals, machinery and different equipment and chemicals. The calculations (RCA and CRCA) indicate that Polish trade with China is in accordance with the revealed comparative advantage. The biggest part of Polish export to China are: basic metals and chemicals, and the value of CRCA in these cases is above zero.

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Accessibility as an instrument for shaping polish air transport market

Accessibility jako instrument kształtowania polskiego rynku usług transportu lotniczego

Author(s): Dariusz Tłoczyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: airport; air transport; accessibility; competition; air transport market

One of the aims of local governments is to increase the availability of transport in the region. It is necessary to identify factors affecting the development of the air transport market. One of the instruments is accessibility. The main objective of this paper is to identify accessibility as an important instrument of supply offer development on the Polish air transport market. For this purpose, the aviation market was analysed. In the last part based on the methods used in international airports, research on the availability of Polish air transport was conducted. The analysis was done for the second week of June − good time to the study the problems of air transport.

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Economic development and agricultural land prices in selected countries of the European Union

Rozwój gospodarczy a ceny ziemi rolniczej na przykładzie wybranych państw z Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Robert Pietrzykowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: GDP per capita; indicators of economic development

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between GDP per capita and agricultural land prices for selected European countries. Undertaking such research resulted from the observation of changes occurring on the market of agricultural land price in the EU in the last ten years. In addition, the work is a continuation of the author’s research, which investigated the relationship of GDP per capita and agricultural land prices in Poland. The study used data from the Central Statistical Office and Eurostat in the period of 1992- -2012. In the paper simple regression analyses were used. Due to the nature of the depending linearization regression models were considered.

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Aging population in strategic documents of selected Polish Voivodeships

Problem starzejącego się społeczeństwa w dokumentach strategicznych wybranych polskich województw

Author(s): Katarzyna Peter-Bombik,Agnieszka Szczudlińska-Kanoś / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: regional strategies; aging society; social inclusion

The aging of the population which is currently shared by most European countries entails significant socio-economic consequences. It represents both a challenge for the public authorities, which must develop and implement appropriate policies to ensure the smooth functioning of society and the economy both at global, national and regional levels. The purpose of this article is to answer the question whether the problem is perceived in Poland at the regional level and if any actions are connected with it. The article therefore analyzes the key strategic documents of selected Polish voivodeships (Małopolskie, Podkarpackie, Śląskie, Świętokrzyskie) from the point of view of interest of the subject matter and proposed solutions.

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Diffusion of innovation in cross-border regions

Dyfuzja innowacji w regionach transgranicznych

Author(s): Franciszek Adamczuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: innovation; diffusion; cross-border region; Euroregion

The aim of this article is to show the mechanism of diffusion of innovations in cross-border regions. The author makes a comparison of the characteristics of a typical model in this regard and finds the answer to the question: what model of the innovation process dominates in the study area. The cross-border region covered by the analysis is Euroregion Neisse Nisa-Nysa (ERN) functioning at the crossroads of three countries: Poland, Germany and Czech.. The article presents the results of direct research in the form of interviews using a survey conducted by the author in the ERN in 2011-2014, a sample of 23 intentional subjects − 9 municipalities and 14 business institutions (BEI). In the final section the article presents some conclusions and recommendations that can be used to build an efficient and effective mechanism for cross-border diffusion of innovation.

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Strategies for the sale of tourist travel agencies offers

Strategie sprzedaży ofert turystycznych biur podróży

Author(s): Jerzy Sokołowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: foreign travel agencies; tourist offer; sales strategies; hotels; destinations

The aim of the study is to identify and evaluate the strategies of tourist offers sales of foreign travel agencies. We analyzed the sales strategy of both big and small travel agencies. The methods of descriptive and comparative analysis were used for the research. The study took into account such factors as market position of travel agencies, time of year and destination of the sale, the place of departure and the type of carrier, customer opinions about the offered hotel or the period for which the tender was sold. In addition, the analysis took into account the standard of the hotel, the time between the dates of departure and the date of sale of the tender, additional services provided by the offices and hotels and the implementation of price-quality of service. The data source was the information derived mainly from HolidayCheck − international tourism portal.

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Sources of information on innovation within the European Union

Źródła informacji dla działalności innowacyjnej w Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Grażyna Węgrzyn / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: innovation process; innovation

The article presents available sources of information on innovation within the European Union. The analysis was carried out on the basis of Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data, covering the 2008-2010 period. The article is divided into two parts: the first one explains the nature of innovation and innovation process, while the second identifies the available sources of information on innovation within individual member countries of the EU, with particular regard given to the differences between the manufacturing and the service sectors. The analysis has demonstrated that the enterprises belonging to the service sector use internal sources of information on innovation more frequently than the manufacturing ones. In a majority of countries, customers constitute a very significant source of information on innovation for both service and manufacturing sectors.

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Offsets – an instrument of economic policy in Poland

Transakcje offsetowe jako instrument polityki ekonomicznej w Polsceq

Author(s): Dariusz Klimek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: offset; compensation trade; defense industry

In the period of the last 15 years of the offset agreements existence in Poland 22 transactions have been conclude. First of all, the article clarifies the essence of offset and describes the offset agreements established so far in Poland between the State Treasury and the largest companies of the defense industry. Then, it presents the major results of offset obligations in Polish enterprises accomplished by the foreign suppliers of equipment and weaponry. The effects are shown by the aspect of technology transfer, maintaining and increasing the level of employment, acquiring new markets, increasing labor productivity and economic activities of enterprises in the region where offset was introduced. In the final section, the author attempts to answer the question if, after 15 years of experience with offset transactions in Poland, we can state that it is the effective instrument of economic policy.

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Impact of the regional environment on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in developed and marginalised areas

Wpływ otoczenia regionalnego na rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w obszarach rozwiniętych i zmarginalizowanych

Author(s): Renata Lisowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: SME; regional environment; developed areas; marginalised areas; development of the SME

Small and medium enterprises are regarded as an important actor in the regional development. SMEs operating in the given region, on the one hand, contribute to shaping the market equilibrium, increasing competitiveness, decreasing the unemployment rate, promoting entrepreneurial attitudes and diffusion of innovations, etc. On the other hand, however, SMEs are affected by numerous regional factors which may both stimulate and limit the development of these enterprises. The paper aims at analysing and assessing the impact of the regional environment on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in developed and marginalised areas. The research was conducted in the years of 2011-2012 and comprised small and medium enterprises located in developed and marginalised areas in Poland. The questionnaire was sent by mail and e-mail accompanied by the request to return the completed form in the same way. However, due to the low return of the dispatched questionnaires, the study was supplemented by the direct interview. 590 correctly completed questionnaires were returned – 319 in the case of developed areas and 271 in the case of marginalised areas. The conducted analysis of regional determinants of the development of small and medium enterprises indicates a significant impact of these determinants on the development of the SME sector. The presented groups of factors interact with each other and depending on their character and strength, they may become development stimulators or obstacles. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises may be limited or stimulated by entirely different factors, depending on the level of socioeconomic development of the area in which this particular entity is located.

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Concept of public procurement offering process improvement

Koncepcja usprawnienia procesu ofertowania w przetargach publicznych

Author(s): Wiesław Matwiejczuk,Tomasz Matwiejczuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 348/2014

Keywords: public procurement; public procurement bulletin; procurement process

Automation and virtualization of business activities gain measurable results. On the other hand, the trends of socio-economic information are perceived by the public administration offices, which are focused on the provisioning of public electronic services. That is why the key element of the development is electronic business processes and electronic public services integration. The article presents an analysis of the opportunities and benefits gained from the integration and automation of tender offer’s preparation. As an example of public service Polish Electronic Bulletin service was selected. There was performed an analysis of technical and economic aspects of the electronic public service usage. There was proposed a model of automated offering process as an outcome of the above mentioned analyses.

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