Search results for: rais aug 2023 in All Content

Prison Radicalization in Bangladesh Present Scenario and Threats

Prison Radicalization in Bangladesh Present Scenario and Threats

Author(s): Md. Mostafizur Rahaman / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Bangladesh; Islam; Islamist; Prison; Radicalization; Violent extremism; law enforcement

Prison radicalization is a global concern particularly in the moderate Muslim countries those are under threat for violent extremism by Islamist militant.Though the aim of prison is to protect society by confining offenders in facilities that are supposedly safe, humane and secure and to ensure that offenders are actively participating in programs that will assist them in becoming law-abiding citizens when they return to their communities. But prison settings present both risks and opportunities with respect to violent extremist offenders. Poorly managed detention facilities of any types could become potent incubators of radicalization though it is not the only place where violent extremist radicalization occurs. Bangladesh is one of the countries which is facing threat by Islamist militant. The law enforcement situation, democratic practice, injustice and discrimination among the different classes are setting fuel to become people radicalize. The prison situation of Bangladesh is very worse and it may become a hub for recruitment and brainwash place for Islamist militant. The key objective of the study is to assess the realities of prison radicalization in Bangladesh and the effectiveness of deradicalization programs. Based on the objectives the study has designed on qualitative approach.The data was collected via using a semi-structured questionnaire exploring the concept of radicalization, prison radicalization, process, key factors and ways to prevention from both from primary and secondary sources. The paper will give a real scenario of prison of Bangladesh, problems, management system of captured Islamist militants and interventions for deradicalization.

Mircea Eliade’s Research Method in the Field of the History and Philosophy of Religion

Mircea Eliade’s Research Method in the Field of the History and Philosophy of Religion

Author(s): Stelian Manolache / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: homo religious; sacred; profane; Emile Durkheim; Wilhelm Schmidt; Sigmund Freud; Carl Gustav Jung; Georges Dumezil

As a historian and philosopher of religions, a gifted narrator and talented essayist, with a fascinating work of articles, studies and research volumes (Eliade 1991, 93), Mircea Eliade must be discovered and decrypted in a religious key, leaving aside the confusion ethnic – aesthetic. Thus, Eliade affirms his own credo, writing that inside the same ethnical mass, the culture is produced not by the ethnic fibre, it is produced by a bouquet of nuclei developed spiritually, most of the time by religion (Eliade 1990, 40; David 2010, 27) ... the mystic experience – the functional actualisation of the religious reality – being the only effective one (Eliade 1990, 52). In this context, his friend Petre Ţuţea, wrote that Eliade must be thought/ understood inside the existential triangle God-human-nature, a triangle ruled by the category of the archetypal sacred and of the symbol (David 2010, 108), meaning the All-including Real, the unique cause of all things (Țuțea 2013, afterword). His research approach on sacred and profane, also on the religious behaviour, is a complete method of the religious thinking (Țuțea 2013, 15), establishing a dialogue between science and religion for the sake of the Absolute Truth. Occasioned by the celebration of 110 years from the birth of Mircea Eliade, we will discuss in our paper this method included in the dialogue between science and religion, its originality, translated not only with the access to the Significance of the Truth through Revelation (Țuțea 2013, 15), but also with the freedom of thinking and aspiring to the immortality of the soul.

The Role of Commercial Bank in Financing Small Scale Industries

The Role of Commercial Bank in Financing Small Scale Industries

Author(s): Ruth Asantewaa Owusu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: SMEs; Economic Development; Bank finance;

Bank finance has been found as an important source of funds for most firms in Ghana. The study assessed the impact of GCB SME LOAN on the activities of Small Scale Industries. The study used primary data which were designed and administered to SMEs customers of GCB and staff of GCB. A sample size of 170 made up of 20 staff of GCB bank and 150 owners of SME customers who deal with the bank and have benefited from the SME LOAN SUITE. The study concluded that with the use of GCB SME LOAN, there has been improvement in the profits of both the customers and bank. Also, the study identified four main challenges which were; increased in the amount of money, reduce interest rate, advertisement and extend the period of bridge loan that militate against the GCB SME LOAN of GCB bank. It was recommended that since GCB bank is contributing more to SMEs, they should give in their best to increase the amount of the loan and to extend the period of bridge loan to help boost their outreach.

The Impact of ‘Banks Specific Regulations” on Determinants of Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Ghana - A PMG ARDL Approach

The Impact of ‘Banks Specific Regulations” on Determinants of Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Ghana - A PMG ARDL Approach

Author(s): Isaac Okyere Paintsil,Zhao Xi Cang,Emmanuel Kwaku Manu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: bank-specific regulations; credit risk; foreign exchange rate; interest rate;

The world financial cataclysms bring tremendous monetary flaws in the financial framework for the entire world. In many countries, the situation in the financial division turned out to be severe to the point that the legislature was forced to begin to expand the bundle to maintain the financial segment. In this study, a PANEL approach was use to assess the impact of bank specific regulation (BSR) on financial performance (FP) of bank in Ghana for the period of 10 years. In this examination, the association is divided between financial performance (FP) and BSR (the interest rate (IR), foreign exchange rate (FER) and credit risk (CR)) between banks in Ghana. To begin with, the direction of stationary factor was affirmed. A panel test by Pedroni and Kao is used to achieve the long-term relationship between the factors in the model, in which FP is endogenous variable and BSR is exogenous. Also, the test of causation was built by (Granger, 1969) to direct whether a causal relationship exists among the factors. The examination showed long-term relationship depending by the Granger causal relationship which shows a bi-directional, Uni-directional connection in the middle of a factor.

Pathologies of Separation: Family Chopping, Parental Mobbing, Parental Alienation Syndrome

Pathologies of Separation: Family Chopping, Parental Mobbing, Parental Alienation Syndrome

Author(s): Rossella Marzullo / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: separation; conflict; pathological relationship; children prejudice

Separation, even in the hypothesis where it unfolds on a non-conflictual basis, creates a serious vulnus in the life of an individual and in his family history, because it generates an empty space in the sphere of the identity of each partner, built over time within of the relationship. In union dissolution, as well as in adolescence, people are passed through by feelings of loss and disorientation that are overcome only when they are able to process them and reintegrate them into the new identity. The separative experience is therefore an experience of crisis that, if is managed in the persistence of the conflict, can have a very negative impact on the psycho-physical well-being of the children. Some authors have highlighted that post-separation conflict has worse effects on children than that which precedes separation, since the former presents itself as a destructive conflict, characterized by hostility, aggression and negative feelings and is resolved less frequently, putting more the adaptive capacity of minors to their new condition as children of separated parents is at risk.

Methods and Means Used for the Religious Education of Neo-Protestant Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania

Methods and Means Used for the Religious Education of Neo-Protestant Children and Youngsters in Communist Romania

Author(s): Ciprian Corneliu Ciurea / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: church; neo-Protestants; religious education; communism; Sabbath/Sunday school

Through the laicisation of education in communist Romania, the education and training of the young generation has become the exclusive competence of the socialist state. Through school, the communists had, as their main objective, the education of children and young people in the spirit of material-scientific conception of the world and life. The monopolization of the media, the introduction of materials that favor atheism in the analytical curriculum, and the carrying out of performances in which the main Christian celebrations were caricatured, were just some of the methods of actively implementing the creation of the “new man”.

The Basis of Punishment. The State’s Right to Punish

The Basis of Punishment. The State’s Right to Punish

Author(s): Mariana Mitra-Niță / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: punishment; rule of law; prevention; preservation; crime

One of the three fundamental institutions of the criminal law is the sanction. It represents the right, and also the obligation of the state to intervene when a legal norm with a criminal character is violated. However, what is this right of the state to sanction? What is the origin of this right and what is its usefulness? These make up only a small part of the many questions that jurists and philosophers have raised throughout history, trying to objectively justify the basis of punishment. The reason for repression must consist not in the state’s desire for revenge, but in preventing in the future the commission of dangerous acts related to the most important social values, since, as Cesare Beccaria said, "it is more effective to prevent than to treat!" The need for punishment stems from the innate human instinct of conservation in order to preserve one's own species.

The Contemporary Debates on Conservative Family: The Case of the Istanbul Convention

The Contemporary Debates on Conservative Family: The Case of the Istanbul Convention

Author(s): Esra Özdil Gümüş / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Conservatism; feminism; family; the Istanbul Convention

In 2011, 11 May, Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence was signed in Istanbul and Turkey was the first country to sign the Convention which entered into force in 2014, August, by the initiatives of ruling government of Justice and Development Party. The Convention, which is the first binding document on violence against women and domestic violence in the international arena, redefines certain concepts such as woman, domestic violence, violence against woman and gender. This redefinition brought about certain legal amendments and the most prominent one was the No 6284 Law on Protection of Family and Prevention of Violence Against Women. While many feminist NGOs and groups, by drawing attention to the historical and traditional context of the violence, construe the convention as a step towards support and remedial the women’s rights, and supported the Convention, for some conservative groups the Convention became the potent symbol attacks to family institution through the intervening years. Hence, during the writing process of this article, on March 22, 2021, Turkish Republic declared unilateral cancellation by a presidential decree. Yet still, the debates go on. This paper intends to analyze the arguments of conservative groups on the Convention.

Legal Obligation of Maintenance Between Spouses and Former Spouses in the Romanian Law

Legal Obligation of Maintenance Between Spouses and Former Spouses in the Romanian Law

Author(s): Ciprian Raul Romiţan / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: legal maintenance obligation; spouses; former spouses; state of need; material means

The legal maintenance obligation is the duty imposed under the law to a person to ensure to the other person the required subsistence means, both in material and spiritual terms. This paper comprises a theoretical and practical review of the maintenance obligation between the spouses and former spouses, following the dissolution of marriage. As it shall follow from our research, the maintenance obligation may materialize at all times during the marriage, including during the divorce trial, of course, subject to the observance of two conditions: the state of need of the maintenance creditor spouse and the material means of the maintenance debtor spouse. At the same time, at the end of the research, we shall find that the divorced spouse is entitled to maintenance if three conditions are met, i.e.: that they are in need, the need must be the consequence of the incapacity for work and that the incapacity occurred within one year as of the dissolution of marriage.

Trust and Public Support for the Colombian Peace Agreement

Trust and Public Support for the Colombian Peace Agreement

Author(s): Esmeralda Lopez / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Colombia; armed conflict; peace agreement; public opinion; trust

The 2016 Colombian peace agreement failed by a narrow margin when put to a public vote, but a month later, the legislature bypassed the need for public support officially ending the 52-year armed conflict between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia [FARC]. Today, few promises of the agreement have come to fruition, leaving Colombia’s rural population in need and causing some ex-combatants to return to the FARC. While some attributed failure of the peace agreement to low voter turnout, a better understanding of the public’s lack of support for the peace agreement is needed. This study uses logistic regression to analyze 2016 survey data from the Latin American Public Opinion Project to examine how institutional trust correlates with predicting support for the Colombian peace agreement. Variables such as public opinion regarding trust in government institutions (the legislature, executive, judiciary, and elections) and trust in the FARC, including a belief that the FARC will demobilize, are included within the study. The model supports the hypothesis that greater trust in institutions increases the probability that the respondent will support the peace agreement. Five of the six variables are statistically significant, and the trust in the national legislature variable is approaching significance. Future studies related to this topic should include greater analysis of Colombia’s rural population who was most affected by forced displacement and other forms of violence during the conflict.

Inclusive Leadership and the Economics of Diversity

Inclusive Leadership and the Economics of Diversity

Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Climate Change; Climate Stabilization; Comparative Law & Economics

This paper addresses COVID-19 and its widespread and lasting inequality impacts around the globe. The paper also introduces the idea of the post-COVID-19 era heralding a new Renaissance that breeds a climate of ethics of inclusion. The economic, ethical and behavioral insights foundations of a vision for ethics of inclusivity advancements are provided in this article and concrete examples how to enact ethical inclusive leadership in the 21st century. Inequality alleviation will become necessary in inclusive leadership domains of the healthcare sector and providing access to affordable medicine. The currently rising gap between finance performance and real-world economic constraints exacerbated inequality and therefore ethics of inclusive leadership may bridge the gap between financial wealth accumulation and real-world liquidity constraints. Education is a driver of positive change that can transform globally in a digitalized learning space and social justice attentive education, which informs tomorrow’s inclusive leadership. Digitalization in the 21st century holds enormous implicit inclusive leadership potential to diminishes unnoticed inequality constraints that demand for attention to be overcome. The most pressing concerns over climate change are emphasized in order to then introduce a novel strategy to distribute the prospective economic gains from a warming globe equally within society, around the world and over time. The rest of the paper then discusses innovative methods to address inequality, for instance, through the combined strengths of law and economics.

Blockchain and Tokenization of Good Governance

Blockchain and Tokenization of Good Governance

Author(s): Katayoon Beshkardana / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: blockchain; good governance; GDPR

From the financial services sector to the management of sustainable supply chains, energy markets, and intellectual property, the world of business is hyped with the use of blockchain to carry its processes. Blockchain’s promise is to reduce agency costs and increase connectivity across markets. A sustainable blockchain ecosystem inevitably relies on factors of good governance including participation, rule of law, transparency, inclusiveness, effectiveness, and accountability. A workable governance model for a blockchain-based economy composes of monitoring, enforcement, and compliance mechanisms provided both by the technology itself and the government. This article is a reflection on the role of the private sector as well as the administrative state in regulating decentralized blockchain-based market.

Christianity during the Worst Year in Human History - 536 CE

Christianity during the Worst Year in Human History - 536 CE

Author(s): Amiel Drimbe / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: 536 CE; calamities; Justinian; Church leadership

Modern scholars consider that the worst year in the history of humankind was 536 CE. Since there was no separation between the Church and the State in the Byzantine Empire, the predominantly Christian population who had endured the calamities of the year was let down by both religious and political central institutions. When centralized institutions fail, local chaos often ensues. As is most often the case, the first to suffer are those most vulnerable – the poor and the lowly. Moreover, in the vacuum created by the disregard of the Church, masses of people looked for answers in religious superstition, while showing a disinclination to trust the science of the day. Others developed a sense of hatred and suspicion towards foreigners, whom they blamed for the ongoing calamities. The safety measures that saved the lives of many came from the local administrators or the people themselves, not from the central institutions.

Romanian Communist State Persecution on Neoprotestant Children, Youngsters and Teachers

Romanian Communist State Persecution on Neoprotestant Children, Youngsters and Teachers

Author(s): Ciprian Corneliu Ciurea / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: church; neoprotestant; students; youngsters; teachers

While Adventist pupils and students suffered because of the communist regime, particularly because of not attending classes on Saturday, other neo-Protestant children and young people suffered because of their faith too. Although they had Sunday as a day of worship and did not skip classes, they, along with their parents and teachers belonging to these cults, had to endure furious repressive measures.

Protection of Children in Difficulty under Romanian Law

Protection of Children in Difficulty under Romanian Law

Author(s): Ciprian Raul Romițan / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: minor; parental authority; special protection

At present, in Romania, the main form of child protection is the parental authority, but in some cases, it can also be done through state intervention through its specialized bodies by means of alternative protection measures (by guardianship and special protection measures). Where the minor is temporarily or definitively deprived of the protection of his or her parents or cannot be left in their care, in order to protect his or her interests, the law establishes some special protection measures. In Romania, the legislation on the protection and promotion of the child's rights provides for special protection measures, such as placement, emergency placement and specialized supervision. The study presents and analyzes legal regulations regarding the special protection of the child who is temporarily or permanently deprived of parental protection.

A Comparison of the Church-State Relationship as seen by Catholics, Luther, Zwingli and Calvin, and the Anabaptists during the Reformation

A Comparison of the Church-State Relationship as seen by Catholics, Luther, Zwingli and Calvin, and the Anabaptists during the Reformation

Author(s): Otinel Murza / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: State; Church; State; Church relationship

The history of the Church and countries with a majority Christian population is dotted about with good or bad opinions on the role of the Church in relation to the government or the State. Sometimes the Church is accused of interfering with the government or local authorities over issues that should be only under the State jurisdiction. Some Christians would consider it a normality because they see God as a supreme King over the whole world, and therefore his will stated in the Bible should be made law and prevail in every country. On the other hand, secular people oppose such ideas and try to exclude any ties of the Church in politics, economics, and social life. From Constantine the Great to medieval Europe, there was a constant tension between the secular kings and the popes or the Church leaders. Some popes were able to make kings submit under the Church leadership. Should this be normality nowadays? Are there any models that can shine a light on that? During the Reformation, the tension between Church and State leaders and princes came to a new climax. This study focuses on comparing the Church-State relationship as seen by Catholics, Luther, Zwingli, Calvin, and the Anabaptists during the Reformation. Did the reformers touch only the spiritual side of the European society or also its social, economic, and political side? So, is it worth letting or encouraging the Church to get involved in the affairs of the State? If yes, are there any models that our contemporary society should copy?

Behavioral International Law: Law-in-books vs. Law-in-action Resembling the Neoclassical Economics vs. Behavioral Economics Debate

Behavioral International Law: Law-in-books vs. Law-in-action Resembling the Neoclassical Economics vs. Behavioral Economics Debate

Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Behavioral International Law

International Law historically stems from a collection of international rules and principles to regulate international conduct of nation states towards another. The International Law Commission (ILC) is a gremium of international law experts voted by the United Nations in order to help develop the theory, codification and practice of international law and its wider range into legal diplomacy. The ILC discusses and debates emerging topics of relevance in international law in the pursuit of developing international legal principles and setting out global standards of nation state conduct towards another. A contemporary effort of the International Law Commission is the scientific investigation of the gap between law-in-books and law-in-action. Law-in-books describes all written-down laws, regulations and written legal customs. Contrary to legal writing in law, treaties, statues and cases, law-in-action is a legal theory that examines the role of law how it is actually applied and practiced in society. Law-in-action scholars often draw from observations about the actual behavior exhibited by executives in legal institutions, courts and jurisprudence officials. Law-in-action is also concerned with the effect of laws on actual people in the real world as well as the impact of legal frameworks and societal interpretations of the rule-of-law. The noticed gap between the law as written in books and the law in reality is currently subject to scrutiny by the current ILC in the quest to derive insights about successful environments to help improve efficiency in legal conduct, stability in international law making as well as combat societally-harmful discrepancies, e.g., such as corruption but also human decision making fallibility and preference reversals. In this fairly novel endeavor of the ILC, the wealth of insights derived from the behavioral economics revolution that undermined the neoclassical economic rational choice theory could be tapped into. International Law scholars may derive inferences from the history, methods and applied behavioral insights how to close the gap between stylized aspirational efficiency goals and actual decision making and actions of real-world people. International law may also benefit from the newest critique of the macroeconomic efficiency maximization in the behavioral Post-Keynesian opening for the integration of political, societal, environmental and historical facets as influence factors on the success of macroeconomic measures. In all these endeavors, closing the gaps between scientific aspirational goals and legal models with real-world relevant applied law practice and policy outcomes promises to instigate optimality in scientifically-led ways how to legally rule the world but also to help research understand better what actual real-world actors do when being exposed to different legal choice architectures and policy frameworks.

Open Archive of Hate: Terrorism and Violent Extremism on Internet Archive

Open Archive of Hate: Terrorism and Violent Extremism on Internet Archive

Author(s): Gabriel Weimann / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: social media; hate speech; violent extremism

The recognized correlation between the growing spread of violent extremist and terrorist content on the Internet and online platforms and the significant increase of attacks inspired by these postings caused governments and security agencies to launch various countermeasures. These measures included removal of terrorist and violent extremist online content (or “deplatforming”), suspension of their social media accounts, hacking websites and pressuring social media companies to remove terrorist propaganda. Struggling to adjust to these countermeasures and sustain their online presence, terrorist and violent extremists moved from mainstream online platforms to alternative online channels including anonymous sharing portals and cloud services. The most popular archiving service used by various extremist and terrorist groups is the Internet Archive. While the few studies on hate speech and violent content on Internet Archive focused only on a certain type of content or a specific group, this study attempts to reveal a wide range of contents, groups and organizations who use this archive for sharing and promoting such contents. To examine the use of Internet Archive by various groups and organizations involved in violence, terrorism, hate speech, racism and neo-Nazism we applied several stages of data collection and analysis. The findings highlight an alarming volume of terrorist, extremist, and racist material on the Internet Archive. These findings are discussed in terms of ethical and practical implications.

Guarding the Nation: A Comprehensive Look at State Cybersecurity Measure

Guarding the Nation: A Comprehensive Look at State Cybersecurity Measure

Author(s): Marian-Emilian SPĂTARU,Alexandru BARCAN / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: cyber intelligence; OSINT security; cyber-attacks; cyber terrorism; cyber risk management;

In a continuously evolving world, technology has not been left out of the process which consists of studies and research done by specialists in the field of cyber technology. Although the latter has brought along benignant effects in society, it can be considered a controversial domain due to those effects that can be used against the public safety and national security. Cyber-attacks & Cyber terrorism are just two of them, usually countered by Cyber intelligence, OSINT security, Cyber risk management. These actions are coordinated by different intelligence services such as: Federal Bureau of Investigation – FBI, Romanian Intelligence Service – SRI, Federal Security Service – FSB, while they have to cooperate with civilians, due to a shortage of employees. The lack of qualified staff on the following domain: awareness of the different types of cyber-attack, such as malware, web-based attacks, phishing, web application attacks, spam, distributed denial of service (DDoS), identity theft, data breach, insider threat, botnets, physical manipulation, damage, theft and loss, information leakage, ransomware, cyber-espionage, industrial espionage and crypto jacking, reaches an amount of 7.659 officials that are needed in this area.

MODERN ERP SYSTEMS AS A RESULT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENTQ ACCOUNTING AND / OR MARKETING SOFTWARES

СЪВРЕМЕНИТЕ ERP СИСТЕМИ, КАТО РЕЗУЛТАТ ОТ РАЗВИТИЕТО НА УПРАВЛЕНСКИЯ, СЧЕТОВОДНИЯ И / ИЛИ МАРКЕТИНГОВИЯ СОФТУЕРИ

Author(s): Ivailo Manoilov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0