CEEOL - Search Result

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data

Author(s): Joanna Klingenstein / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: affect theory; affect; expressive therapies continuum; research method; art; creativity; evangelical; women;

Rarely does research design rely on the use of artistic processes to gather affective data. Scholars often rely on verbal communication to measure affective response rather than extracting data through creative mediums. Art therapists have long been writing about the power of creativity to uniquely surface emotion. Do artistic processes tap into affective data otherwise ignored? Can affective response further academic knowledge of power and influence? As noted by scholar and theorist Donovan Schaefer, affect theory highlights associations between semiotic forces and power. It offers a framework for understanding how emotional responses are shaped and experienced. Similarly, the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC), developed by art therapy pioneers Sandra Kagan and Vija Lusebrink, suggests a way to visualize expression according to the placement of affect in the body. The ETC therefore allows art therapists to guide and interpret creative processes. In a study titled, “Female Evangelical Multimedia Personalities: How Does Their Content Affect Female Viewers?” these theoretical frameworks are combined in a way that, to this author’s knowledge, has not been done before. As part of the study design, participants will be asked to react artistically and verbally to written and visual evangelical content. This study seeks to illuminate how artistic processes expose the affective influence and power of rhetorical content. The proposed presentation will provide a brief overview of these two theoretical frameworks, affirm the value of studying affect, and explore how researchers can utilize creativity to measure affective response.

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Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein

Author(s): Kalea Ramsey / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Archetypes; Cain; Edmund Burke; Enlightenment in literature; Frankenstein;

This research uses Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein as an anchor to look back and forth between the novel and the precursor texts and themes on which Shelley both draws and which she also transforms in light of the critical influences of her historical moment, straddling as it did a transition from the rationalism of the Enlightenment to the emotional, social and creative energies unleashed by Romanticism. This paper focuses on the themes of transgression, fear, isolation, damnation and redemption, and their importance in outlining the journeys of Victor Frankenstein and the monster he created, as well as other related works in history. The major comparisons in this research are that of Frankenstein with the archetypal figure of Prometheus, ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, and Paradise Lost. The first was directly referenced by Mary Shelley in the allusions of Walton and Victor Frankenstein, and the latter is the epigraph of the book, which appears as one of the books that shaped the Monster’s education. Stemming from ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’, the Wandering Jew and the biblical Cain and Abel story are extended archetypes, further showing traits that could be found among the Mariner, Frankenstein, the Monster, and Satan, forming an interconnected web that weaves all these characters together. Frankenstein is also known as the ‘Modern Prometheus’: through her writing, Mary Shelley aimed to historicize and reconceptualize universalist assumptions about the nature and relevance of archetypes in literature. By historicizing the role of Prometheus and imbuing it in Victor Frankenstein, Shelley portrayed the figure of an ambitious scientist who assumed the role of God and disregarded the law of nature. She charaterized Victor such that his traits resemble those of Prometheus, yet far from reproducing an idealized archetype, Shelley brings a Greek myth down to earth, transforming it so that it can speak to the people of her time. This paper reads Frankenstein in relation to how its context transforms the universalist archetypes on which Shelley drew to give her characters and themes literary depth and texture. Shelley inflects Victor Frankenstein and his Monster with traits associated with the archetypal figures of Prometheus, Satan, and the Ancient Mariner, simultaneously relating the resulting hybrid characters to the pressing concerns of her particular historical moment and demonstrating that universal archetypes continue to be rich sources both for the creative process and for bringing perennial themes to life for successive generations of readers.

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“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas

Author(s): Radoli Lydia Ouma / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: postcolonialism; socio-political narratives; colonial imagery; post-independence Kenya;

“White Terror” (2013), a BBC documentary details colonial atrocities in Kenya and thereafter state of emergency. I argue, ghosts (memories) of the atrocities still haunt a few remaining colonial survivors. Socio-political colonial structures were inherited in post-independence Kenya. The documentary based on Harvard’s History Professor Caroline Elkins (2005) research was evidenced in a legal suit of five colonial survivors against the British government for torture. Post-2007 ethno-political conflicts in Kenya can be linked to misappropriations in the 1954 Swynerton land tenure reforms. British occupation of native land sparked an insurgency that resulted in a state emergency (1952-1960), and later turned into struggle for independence. To Kenyans, Mau Mau (largely Kikuyus) were freedom fighters, but inhuman savage terrorists to colonial agents. Geographical annexing of land placed the Kikuyu, a dominant ethnic group close to the colonial capital, while the rest of the tribes were disbursed in the peripheries. In postcolonial Kenya, political and economic disparities herald power struggles between dominant ethnicities, in the case of Kenya; Kikuyu, Luo and Kalenjin. Postcolonial theory was a result of colonial experience, “the testimonies of the third world countries and discourses of minorities within geographical and political divisions of “East and West”, “North and South” (Bhabha 1994). First generational Kenyans survived colonialism, but retain narratives of the struggle over colonial domination. Using a postcolonial and discourse theoretic qualitative methodology for documentary and interviews analysis, this paper traces narratives of postcolonial Kenya and impacts on present day social political challenges.

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Mid-Level Management Style in Healthcare

Author(s): Jamion Lewis,Kruti Lehenbauer / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Middle Management; Leadership; Healthcare; Quantitative Model;

The purpose of this paper is to recommend a quantitative model based on the outcomes from a comprehensive literature review of multiple studies to identify the most effective leadership style among mid-level managers in a healthcare setting. This literature review includes theories of leadership and discusses the usual leadership methods associated with mid-level managers. This study addresses the effectiveness of transactional, transformational, and passive leadership styles of middle level managers in healthcare organizations. The proposed quantitative non-experimental correlational study would examine the statistical relationships between the independent variables of three leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and passive leadership) and the dependent variable of leadership effectiveness among mid-level managers in the healthcare industry. This literature analysis proposes how to clearly define the variables transformational leadership, transactional leadership, passive leadership, and leader effectiveness which would eventually make it possible to quantify and measure them.

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The Ambassador Program: A Framework for Recruiting and Engaging Flexible Volunteers

Author(s): Ike Obi,Alexus Jimson-Miller,Michaela Hahn,Darik Hall / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: flexible volunteering; non-profits; design thinking;

Volunteers are vital to the mission of nonprofit organizations. However, most nonprofits are struggling to recruit the volunteers they need to support their goals. Due to this difficulty, many of these organizations are seeking innovative techniques for recruiting and engaging volunteers in ways that are enriching, meaningful and productive. On the basis of this need we surveyed 55 participants, interviewed 10 users and conducted literature reviews on 30 materials to uncover insights into the best method for recruiting and retaining volunteers. Findings from the study revealed that most of the respondents were interested in a flexible and open-choice approach to volunteering. It also showed that the respondents would like to participate with their friends and that they wouldn't mind a reward for helping out such organizations. Based on these findings, we developed a flexible volunteer framework that could be implemented by nonprofits or any other organization that needs help recruiting volunteers. This paper should provide a clear understanding of the process, its benefits, and how to incorporate them into their current volunteer, recruitment, and engagement strategies.

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Women, Law, Court and Justice in India (1970 to 2016)

Author(s): Harneet Kaur / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Women; Indian Law; Justice; Status of Women;

In the personal sphere, the Indian women are facing various issues related to marriage, divorce, inheritance, guardianship, adoption and succession as they are the subjects of personal law, which varies from religion to religion and is attached to an individual at birth and applied to the person wherever she goes. After independence in the 1970s the government first time felt the need to review the ongoing women specific laws and their impact on the status of the women in India. This paper attempts to review the efforts made by the government in this direction. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section covers the legal obstructions for women justice. Second section dealt with the significant recommendations made by the two ‘High Level committee on the Status of Women in India’ (1974 and 2015) to improve the status of women in India. In the last section analysis were made on the basis of the statistical data of the women’s trials and to review the status of the justice delivered to women’s in the Indian Courts. The gap between the passing of laws and its implementation by the State needs to be examined, as mere passing of laws cannot transform the lives of women in society. The optimal use of laws can only be judged by the reportage of crimes under various acts and the punishments given to convicts under them.

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Scurvy and Flu in 1900: The Truth Lost in Evidence

Author(s): Tereza Kopecka / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: history; medicine; microbiology; scurvy; flu;

In the last third of the 19th century, the germ theory of infection had been reliably proved and widely accepted, new principles of microbiological research were laid down and many infectious diseases explained. But medicine was not ready yet to explain all the illnesses. Despite the thorough work of many scientists, substantial facts were still unknown – e.g. existence of most viruses, autoimmunity processes or micronutrients. The effort to explain all the diseases with existent knowledge gave rise to half-true concepts and mistakes. This paper deals with two interesting mistakes, found in the textbook of pathological anatomy and medical microbiology by Hlava and Obrzut, published in 1900-1901 in Austria-Hungary: the concept of scurvy as an infection caused by Bacillus scorbuti, and the causative role of the so-called „Pfeiffer’s bacillus“ - Bacillus influenzae, presently Haemophilus infuenzae, in the flu. These were not only theories but expert opinions based on the results of scientific research. Unfortunately, the methods were imperfect and performed/interpreted properly either, so they didn’t allow the scientists to realize the erroneousness of their conclusions. The real causes of the diseases mentioned above were proven much later.

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Frictions on Cross Border Cooperation in Criminal Matters Involving Terrorism Threats – Romanian Standpoint

Author(s): Marius-Adrian Arva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Europol; Eurojust; cooperation; jurisdiction;

In countering terrorist crimes, European organizations with police and judicial jurisdiction have emerged as key players in this field, although often being found on a competitive institutional battleground, especially this being the case of Europol and Eurojust. The methods we used consist in a detailed analysis of applicable European provisions, established doctrine, standpoints, press releases and official statistics, and last but not least the presentation of a well-grounded opinion on the reported disagreements. Through the reform to which Europol is currently undergoing, the Agency is self developing as a central element of the European internal security architecture in conducting investigations and operational actions. We emphasize the tendency to widen the competencies of the European Prosecutor's Office, whose duties are likely to overlap with those of Eurojust, and although Eurojust does not have the vocation of a genuine indictment body, according to the EU Treaty, the European Prosecutor's Office may be established from Eurojust, hence under its oversight. Europol is willing to take on the role of managing EU-wide operational counter-terrorism activities, but as for Eurojust, the measures needed to strengthen the Union's response to terrorist threats can only be implemented by creating a framework narrative in which the European Prosecutor's Office is directly subordinated to Eurojust.

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Codified Ideas in Interdisciplinary Collaborations

Author(s): Frank Lorne,Victor Zubashev / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: communication; group creativity; idea embodiment;

The paper describes a process of meme evolutions in sequential time stages across different disciplines, approaches, and broadly speaking, paradigms. Idea creations between individuals are characterized as codified ideas that can be expanded or simplified according to implicit software used by individuals based on prior knowledge and experience. Neural networks of forms and layers involving input, output, recurrent, memory cells inside of a brain can be similarly conceptualized for communications across individuals for a better understanding of interdisciplinary collaborations. Codified ideas are assumed to be expressed in terms of symbols on the keyboards of computers, which require software to interpret as well as re-expressed to arrive at ideas that can be physically embodied. Different disciplines have different software. Ideas evolved from different software may or may not be physically embodied into something tangible. Tangible physical objects embodying ideas can be scaled or bundled to be branded and marketed. Evolution of memes in terms of codified ideas physically embodied precedes the forming of firms and markets. The emphasis on sequential time stages in the meme evolution in terms of codified ideas can fill a void towards a better understanding of how firms and markets operate. Several types of interdisciplinary collaborations can be identified based on this formulation.

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Risks, Discrimination and Opportunities for Education during the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Titus CORLĂȚEAN / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: education; schools; COVID-19; pandemic;

The COVID-19 pandemic has been and still is a serious challenge to Mankind, even if it does not constitute an actual threat to the lives of nations. The pandemic has caused a situation of international sanitary crisis, numerous losses of lives, traumas, economic shocks and significant social costs. In short, COVID-19 will entail certain changes which are essential to Mankind in the short and medium term, at least. One of the social areas that faced the strongest challenges, without being really prepared for it, is that of Education. Teachers, pupils and students, parents, schools and local communities and, last but not least, the state were suddenly put in a position to change their rules of operation, teaching techniques or examination methods overnight. New technologies, difficult to assimilate in the short term by all players involved, material financial and educational resources which proved inaccessible to many students, especially in less developed regions or states worldwide, racial, gender, but also regional discrimination, young women and girls exposed to domestic or sexual violence, in short, this constituted a magnifying glass for inequalities. As in any major crisis situation, COVID-19 has generated not only significant risks, discrimination or costs, but also unanticipated opportunities, substantial human and technological progress platforms, including in the field of Education. UNDP recommends “five priority steps to tackle the complexity of the crisis: protecting and developing health systems and services; reinforcing the social protection; protecting jobs, small and medium-sized businesses and informal sector workers; making macroeconomic policies work for everyone; promoting peace, good governance and trust to build social cohesion”. It is very easy to notice the fact that none of these five priorities are possible to be fulfilled without the solid foundation of a good quality education (UN Sustainable Development Goals no 4). International experts raise an important question: will the current pandemic actually be the trigger for transformation? The answer and the appropriate solutions will imply political will and vision, a proper prioritization, budgetary resources, partnerships, good use of the innovative human intelligence, international solidarity and a non-discriminatory approach, ensuring that learning is accessible to all.

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Assessing the Relationships between Demographics, Street Trees and Visual Recognition of Urban Buildings

Author(s): Yuen T. Tsang / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: urban geography; environmental planning; environmental perception;

As more “green” cities are emerging in the 21st century, human recognition of urban buildings can be obstructed by increasing amount of vegetation in urban areas. While the architectural designs of urban buildings are more complicated than before, architects often seek the maximum exposure of the design to public. If vegetation obstructs significant portions of an innovative design of a building, the visual value and attractiveness of the building can diminish greatly. People may not able to retain much visual and spatial memories about a building or even a city because their views are obstructed. This paper begins with a thorough review of current and past literature about the relationship between buildings, street trees, and visibility in urban environments. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that influence visual recognizability of buildings in an urban environment. First, a method called “green ratio” is proposed to quantify the amount of greenery that people can see on the ground. The result can be beneficial to urban planners, architects, city planners, urban geographers, and city tourism board for better integrating vegetation and buildings in a cityscape. The goal of understanding people’s visual recognition of urban objects is to raise inhabitant’s satisfaction, capture their attention, and make strong impressions towards the city.

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Global Liquidity Challenges of the International Monetary System

Author(s): Azar R. Hasanli / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: global liquidity; global financial safety nets;

International Monetary System (IMS) has been in the center of the heated debates over 70 years. Severe exchange rate mismatches and global liquidity problems not only led to global crises but also necessitated systemic changes. Notwithstanding several initiatives, setting proper exchange rate mechanisms has not been able to be realized. After the demise of the Bretton Woods system, an amorphous arrangement mechanism of exchange rates was established that led to further severe challenges globally. Moreover, rapid financial globalization and capital liberalization made exchange rates more vulnerable to external shocks. On the other hand, design flaws in global liquidity and reserve system seem hardly to be solved in the absence of the global lender of last resort and sustainable pro-cyclical liquidity provision. In this regard, the increasing scope of various components of the global financial safety nets raises serious concerns in terms of predicting their impact on global economic cycles. Additionally, major challenges associated with the global reserve system reveal that numerous economies still prefer to rely on national and regional-level frameworks rather than multilateral ones. The escalating tendency of such polarization within the global reserve system imposes serious sustainability challenges for the global economy. It should be emphasized that reforming the IMS is a dynamic process in which providing universal and ultimate solutions are far from reality. This study indicates that it would not be a smooth process to eliminate all these challenges that mostly stem from deep contradictions among nation-states' interests and multilateral frameworks.

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Aspects of the Bible's Philosophy on the Development of the World's Civilizations

Author(s): Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: The Bible; the development of civilizations;

It is worth noting how a secular perspective can be harmonized with what the Holy Scriptures present and especially how the text of the Scripture becomes relevant in a context in which we are talking about the development of the world's civilizations. If we were to make a bridge between secular man and religious man on the same subject we could have a common element, namely the analysis of human society, related to how it developed, related to the mechanisms of this development and its consequences, things that we meet them both in the same material of history with the differentiation of the fact that different causes could arise. In this study we tried to show that human explanations, regarding the development of the world's civilizations, are not always enough, because according to human logic certain events could not have taken place. From this perspective, looking at things, we consider it important to know the Scriptural perspective on events unfolding in world history, because the revelation of Scripture usually goes somewhere further, beyond what we see and what we have recorded as events in history, penetrating somewhere in the heart of the problems, helping us to have a much broader vision of the events of our world.

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Institutional Reform and Corruption on Economic Growth of Nigeria

Author(s): Akindele Tolulope T. / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Institutional reform; corruption; economic growth;

The study examined the effect of institutional reform and corruption on economic growth of Nigeria; these were with the view to determining the relationship among institutional reform, corruption and economic growth in Nigeria. Secondary data were used for the study. Data series on corruption index, rule of law and government contract repudiation covering the period from 1985 to 2018 were sourced from the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) indicators. Data collected were analyzed using tables, graphs, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The ARDL estimates revealed that rule of law and government contract repudiation have a positive effect on economic growth in the long run. On the other hand, the result revealed that corruption has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the long run. The study concluded that institutional reform and level of corruption are important in determining economic growth in Nigeria.

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“Switching to SIDE Mode”- COVID-19 and the Adaptation of Computer Mediated Communication Learning in Kenya

Author(s): Lydia Ouma Radoli / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Computer Mediated Communication; COVID-19 Learning Adaptations;

The global onset of the novel Coronavirus in December 2019, and rising infections early 2020 forced institutions of higher education to quickly shift to virtual learning. In Kenya, Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) - a real time interaction of humans through computer devices became a quick and necessary mode to facilitate continuous learning. CMC replaced face-to-face classroom interactions, exhibiting challenges and creative opportunities. Through qualitative research methods, I draw teaching and learning experiences of CMC from two private Kenyan Universities (Daystar and St. Paul's). This paper argues that the social identity model of de-individuation or SIDE mode (Spears and Reicher 1995), enhances effective computer mediated interactions. Findings show that in COVID-19 scenarios, tutors were forced to deal with an emotionally charged group of online students. Some students lacked stable Internet, or their parents were struggling financially and unable to sustain the technological needs. There were students who experienced stress related anxieties. These psycho-social contexts provide a plausible scenario to probe the social identity model of de-individuation effects (SIDE mode). The model is widely used in social-psychology to explain apparent breakdown of normative behavior among groups. In this case, the COVID-19 scenario pushed learners and tutors to adapt and deal with effects of CMC, at the same time manage learning anxieties. In this paper, I argue that in using CMC, tutors adapt less formal approaches that include adjusting to informal non-structured communication.

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The Rise of Exceptions and the Eclipse of the Elemental Principle of Most-Favoured-Nation

Author(s): Shubha Ojha / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Fundamentally Egalitarian; Formal Equality; Non-Discrimination;

It is often asserted that in one respect, the World Trade Organization is in fact fundamentally egalitarian. The term ‘fundamentally egalitarian’ throws light upon the commitment of the World Trade Organization [“WTO”] to an ideal of formal equality. According to this conception all the member states are entitled to offer and receive uniform and equal treatment. The WTO evinces this commitment to formal equality through the ‘principle of Non-Discrimination’. The principle of Non-Discrimination is embodied in two elemental rules- Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment and National Treatment. As per the tenets of the Most-Favoured-Nation [“MFN”] rule, all the member states are required to refrain from treating any member states less favourably than they treat other member states. The principle is purportedly a misnomer. Though the term ‘most-favoured-nation’ suggests special treatment, in the context of the WTO, it is supposed to mean non-discrimination, that is, treating virtually everyone equally. The MFN rule had emerged as a fundamental principle of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1947 [“GATT 1947”] but with time, multiple exceptions have come into picture that overshadow the fundamentality of this principle. This research paper ventures into the intricacies and implications of the MFN principle and analyses how the exceptions to the MFN principle have eclipsed the principle in the recent times and have ironically reduced its status from the status of a fundamental principle to that of an exception.

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Portrayal of Women in Advertising on Facebook and Instagram

Author(s): Fab-Ukozor Nkem,Onyebuchi Alexander Chima,Obayi Paul Martins,Anorue Luke Ifeanyi,Nnenna Fiona Onwude / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Social Media; Advertising; Facebook; Instagram; Portrayal; Women;

The growth in the use of social media in the developing world has encouraged most people and businesses to take the advert of their products or services to the social media. This study sought to find out how women are portrayed on social media adverts using the Goffman’s category, which indicates cases of stereotype and subjugation of women in the society. This study was anchored on the framing theory. The researchers used content analysis research design. Using Wimmer and Dominick online calculator on a population of 1,523, the researchers arrived at a sample size of 431 and increased it by 71% to obtain approximately 600. Code sheet and coding guide served as the instrument for data collection. The inter-coder reliability was established using Holsti and Pearson’s r formulas. Data analyses were done using the cluster approach. Using Goffman’s categories, this study revealed that women are subliminally portrayed as sex objects in some selected online ads. This is made evident in the results from body display, relative size, functional ranking, and family categories, which revealed that from the angle of Facebook, 33.8% of the pictures-based advert revealed body display, while on the part of Instagram, 28.9% of the videos showed significant body display. Further analysis revealed that picture (35.2%) and video (25.7%) adverts on Instagram have more propensity to show feminine touches than Facebook, and that over 35% of the video content on social media has one form of ritualization of subordination or the other.

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Habits of Mind for Entrepreneurship Education

Author(s): Deon Van Tonder,Adri Du Toit / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: 21st century skills; entrepreneurial mindset; entrepreneurship education;

Entrepreneurship education is vital to ameliorate the high youth unemployment rate in South Africa. As part of efforts to augment entrepreneurship education, purposeful teacher training is needed. Integral in this pursuit is the amendment and development of teachers’ entrepreneurial mindset. The concept of ‘mindset’ is, however, ambiguous, as literature uses this term interchangeably with concepts such as 21st century skills, soft skills, non-cognitive skills, or character strengths. When a new teacher training program for entrepreneurship education was being developed, it was necessary to investigate and analyze all these skills or characteristics, to ascertain which aspects should be included in the program to contribute to the entrepreneurial mindset that was envisioned for these teachers. An exploratory qualitative literature review was conducted from a constructivist point of view. Accessible literature on ‘entrepreneurship education’ and ‘entrepreneurial mindset’ was systematically and thematically analyzed to explore the contribution of various types of skills and characteristics to the construction of an entrepreneurial mindset, in preparation for entrepreneurship education. The findings revealed that several skills, characteristics and habits contribute to the development of positive entrepreneurial mindsets. These included several references to the ‘Habits of Mind’ proposed by Costa and Kallick (2008). Subsequent comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore the pertinence of the Habits of Mind for developing teachers’ entrepreneurial mindsets as part of their preparation to facilitate entrepreneurship education. A recommendation was made for the inclusion of all the Habits of Mind to contribute to fostering positive entrepreneurial mindsets as part of teacher training for entrepreneurship education.

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Jurisprudential Analysis in Matters of Discrimination. Jurisdictional Competence of the National Council for Combating Discrimination

Author(s): Adina Georgeta Ponea / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: principle of non-discrimination; forms of discrimination; disadvantaged category; equal opportunities; contentious administrative;

Any person who considers himself discriminated against may refer to the National Council for Combating Discrimination which will investigate the alleged acts of discrimination and decide on their existence or non-existence. According to its legal consecration, the Council is the state authority in the field of discrimination, under parliamentary control and at the same time it is a guarantor of the observance and application of the principle of non-discrimination, in accordance with the domestic legislation in force and international documents to which Romania is a party. The jurisdictional activity of the Council, finalized with the pronouncement of a decision, can be censored by the administrative contentious court which, re-evaluating the administered evidence, will rule on its legality and validity.

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Outcomes of Internationally Wrongful Acts and COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Mesut Şöhret / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Internationally Wrongful Acts; COVID-19 Pandemic; State Responsibility; Cessation;

It is one of the basic principles of international law that the state that makes an act contrary to international law must compensate for the damage arising from this act. Accordingly, when an international commitment has been breached, it is a principle of international law to adequately remedy it; therefore, reparation is a mandatory complement condition in the execution of a contract, without it being written in this contract. The core legal consequences for the responsible state on the commission of an internationally wrongful act are twofold: to cease the wrongful conduct and to make full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act. Injury includes any material or moral damage, emerged as a result of an internationally wrongful act of a state. “The general principle that the legal consequences of an internationally wrongful act do not affect the continued duty of the State to perform the obligation it has breached. As a result of the internationally wrongful act, a new set of legal relations is established between the responsible State and the State or States to whom the international obligation is owed. But this does not mean that the pre-existing legal relation established by the primary obligation disappears.” “In particular, all states in such cases have obligations to cooperate to bring the breach to an end, not to recognize as lawful the situation created by the breach, and not to render aid or assistance to the responsible state in maintaining the situation so created.” This study focuses on the actual situation that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic process by examining the issue of international tort and its consequences.

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Search results for: rais aug 2023 in All Content

Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective Data

Literary Archetypes Between Universal Myth and Historical Moment: Shelley’s Frankenstein

“White Terror and Ghosts of Kenya”: Postcolonial, Socio-Political Imagery and Narratives of Kenyan Diasporas

Mid-Level Management Style in Healthcare

The Ambassador Program: A Framework for Recruiting and Engaging Flexible Volunteers

Women, Law, Court and Justice in India (1970 to 2016)

Scurvy and Flu in 1900: The Truth Lost in Evidence

Frictions on Cross Border Cooperation in Criminal Matters Involving Terrorism Threats – Romanian Standpoint

Codified Ideas in Interdisciplinary Collaborations

Risks, Discrimination and Opportunities for Education during the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

Assessing the Relationships between Demographics, Street Trees and Visual Recognition of Urban Buildings

Global Liquidity Challenges of the International Monetary System

Aspects of the Bible's Philosophy on the Development of the World's Civilizations

Institutional Reform and Corruption on Economic Growth of Nigeria

“Switching to SIDE Mode”- COVID-19 and the Adaptation of Computer Mediated Communication Learning in Kenya

The Rise of Exceptions and the Eclipse of the Elemental Principle of Most-Favoured-Nation

Portrayal of Women in Advertising on Facebook and Instagram

Habits of Mind for Entrepreneurship Education

Jurisprudential Analysis in Matters of Discrimination. Jurisdictional Competence of the National Council for Combating Discrimination

Outcomes of Internationally Wrongful Acts and COVID-19 Pandemic