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Search results for: mcdsare in All Content

Result 81-100 of 144
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THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF DUMITRU STĂNILOAE,

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF DUMITRU STĂNILOAE,

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF DUMITRU STĂNILOAE,

Author(s): Gheorghe F. Anghelescu,Marin Bugiulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Christian; anthropology; Dumitru Stăniloae; man; world; knowledge;

This article presents the anthropological concept of Dumitru Stăniloae, priest, professor of theology and20th century Romanian thinker, who delineated a new scientific direction on man and the world, by hisiconic, patristic visions, starting from the Greek philosophy and having at its heart the status of the humanbeing and nature. The anthropology of Professor Dumitru Stăniloae represents a rediscovery of thepatristic theology but especially a pondering on the dialogue between religion and science cultivated inthe academic area today. The core of Dumitru Stăniloae’s thinking is man as image of the divinity, forthis reason, his anthropology is full of spiritual meaning. The progress (evolution) in man’s relation withnature is an authentic knowing rationality, the same with the progress in the knowledge of the sense ofhuman existence, simultaneous to deification or transfiguration. The main anthropological ideas this studyrelies on show that man is a personal being opened to the communion with God, with the world and withhis fellows, and the universe created by God represents a very artistic work of love and especially areality of language, communication and knowledge.

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“THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS”- A RECONCILING WITNESS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY,

“THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS”- A RECONCILING WITNESS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY,

“THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS”- A RECONCILING WITNESS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY,

Author(s): Diane C. Kessler / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Ecumenical Movement; martyrs; saints; Church;

One of the results of the Ecumenical Movement is growing awareness of the potential of martyrs, saints,and sanctified people - all those we understand in Christian cross-confessional friendship - as witnesses tothe vision of reconciling the Church into a reconciled world. The significance of martyrdom was capturedin a 1978 text from the Bangalore World Council of Churches meeting. In an essay on martyrdom for theDictionary of the Ecumenical Movement, Rowan D. Crews Jr. reported that "by pretending PrimaryChurch martyrs and some of the later Christian Christians as" the common property of all Christians,"many Churches were involved in - a process of mutual recognition of martyrs, this necessitating anecumenical anthology of both the martyrs in the early Church and later. "This work, begun in 1978, wascontinued later.

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ON THE HARMONIZATION OF IDIOMATIC LANGUAGE WITH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ON THE HARMONIZATION OF IDIOMATIC LANGUAGE WITH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ON THE HARMONIZATION OF IDIOMATIC LANGUAGE WITH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Author(s): Iulian Mardar / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: : idioms; proverbs; evolution; influence; technology; science;

Is there such thing as harmony between science, technology and language? This could be an interestingquestion if it were not naïve. Languages evolve almost simultaneously with science and technologybecause, with new technology, new words are needed. Languages constantly adapt to the new realities,whether scientific, social or cultural. New words replace old ones when the surrounding realities ask forit, when it is necessary to name realities which have never been seen before. The same holds valid in thecase of idioms. The newer generations have already forgotten many of the idioms which are still familiarto the older generation. In English, for example, to rain cats and dogs or to paint the town red areconsidered old and are even laughed at by very young people. In Romanian, «a fi într-o bujie» or «a-i filao lampă» (he/she works with only one spark plug and one of his/her lamp flickers, both of them meaningto be a little crazy) no longer have a meaning to people in their early twenties or younger. New realitiesmodify old idioms, make them disappear, or give birth to brand new ones, such as the engine is running,but there is nobody behind the wheel or he/she drives uphill with the clutch slipping. The present paperaims at showing how this happens and at giving an answer to the real question: is there a certain type ofidioms which does not keep pace with science and technology?

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HOW TO BE HAPPY IN ROMANIA - FACETS OF ROMANIANNESS

HOW TO BE HAPPY IN ROMANIA - FACETS OF ROMANIANNESS

HOW TO BE HAPPY IN ROMANIA - FACETS OF ROMANIANNESS

Author(s): Corina Dobrotă / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: happiness; Romanianness; stereotype; mental construct; imagology;

The paper was inspired by a collection of essays by 17 Romanian and foreign authors, mainlyphilosophers and writers, each holding various views on Romania and analyzing the possibilities to attainhappiness in the heterogeneous, contrast-prone, often alienating post-1989 society. In a synthesizingapproach, deconstructing and analyzing the stereotypes in current use, revealing uncomfortable orflattering aspects of daily life in today’s Romania, the aim of the paper is to single out the dimension ofthe multi-facetted concept of ”happiness” in a society that has not yet found its way out of the tangledweb of a tormented history, but is yet striving to reach its rightful place in the European context. Theapproach is based on imagological concepts such as ”self”, ”other”, ”national character”, ”ethnotype”,a.s.o..

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PASSING THROUGH STORY. POLIMORPHISM AND DISCOURSIVE STARTEGIES

PASSING THROUGH STORY. POLIMORPHISM AND DISCOURSIVE STARTEGIES

PASSING THROUGH STORY. POLIMORPHISM AND DISCOURSIVE STARTEGIES

Author(s): Eugenia Buzea(Bulancea) / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: poetics; text rhetoric; fictional discourse; mythic and historic; story; parable;

The story, a product tributary to both inner and outer reality, communicates a world due to a crisis of theinner object by restructuring its own reality and putting in place a significance generating matrix, a spacethat cannot be reduced to its narrative voice, text or reader. The purpose of the story is not an intrinsicattribute of the object, it is a sum of attitudes towards the new reality that is communicated and areinstatement of some structures which practically generates a return to the creationist act. The narrativeis built, synchronically and diachronically, upon the event and its actualization, recognizing a modelwhich is validated within the system of literariness. The story as tale refers to the category of fantasyanalysed as a fascination with the image, constituted on the model of accessing a superior status, whilethe story as parable builds significances taking into account the consciousness level. The stake of thesetwo attitudes towards the act of telling is, in the story, the reinstatement of the fictional as contextualreality and, in the parable, the programmatic development of the texts with sapiential role.

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METAPHORICAL INCOHERENCE OR WHAT MAY’S LETTER MAY MEAN

METAPHORICAL INCOHERENCE OR WHAT MAY’S LETTER MAY MEAN

METAPHORICAL INCOHERENCE OR WHAT MAY’S LETTER MAY MEAN

Author(s): Marius Velică / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: conceptual metaphor; mapping; metaphorical (in)coherence; decoding;

The image we create about the surrounding reality is utterly subjective and that it is deeply andundoubtedly culturally dependant. There is a huge difference between the ‘real’ reality and our ownversion of it and this difference is generated by the multitude of filters that come into play when weprocess the ever growing amount of information that is constantly sent our way. The paper aims atanalysing the potential metaphorical incoherence of the letter sent by Theresa May, the Prime Minister ofthe UK, to Donald Tusk, the President of the European Council, invoking Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty.By means of specific analytical tools belonging to cognitive linguistics, we prove that not only the deepstructure of the letter does not support the apparent message but it contradicts it significantly. The lexicalinventory selected by the author of the text, such as the use of personal and possessive, along with thesource domains used to conceptualise the target domains of ‘UK’, ‘EU’, or ‘negotiations’ clearly displaya different perspective upon the relationship between the two protagonists of the UK’s withdrawal fromthe union than the one suggested by the obsessive phrase ‘a deep and special partnership’.

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CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOISIR CONCEPT IN THE EUROPEAN SPACE

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOISIR CONCEPT IN THE EUROPEAN SPACE

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOISIR CONCEPT IN THE EUROPEAN SPACE

Author(s): Cristian Ștefan Liuşnea / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: quality of life; free time; loisir; physical condition; fitness.;

The accelerated modernization of contemporary society has also impelled a growing dynamism to dailylife, which, according to experts such as Yan Z., et alii (2007, 107). The United Nations, in the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, has declared since 1948 that "all persons have the right to rest and loisirs".Modernization has caused a new kind of human being: the sedentary being... the emergence of a "newhuman being ... sedentary being". In West Germany, in the 1950s, characterized by the "consumersociety", the concept of "leisure society" emerged, since in a highly industrialized society the program offive working days a week was imposed. As regards negative factors that influence health status (the wellof each), Colin Boreham, foot specialists T., Liam, M. et alii (1997), W,-D, Brettschneider and RolandNaul, (2004) vie for attention since several decades now over: lack of movement-physical inactivity;stress-strain increased pace of the nervous system; unequal segments, request body; incorrect positions ofthe body during daily activities; antiphysiologice static positions on extended periods of time, withconsequences for cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and even cancer (Jennen and Uhlenbuck,2004, 157). Regarding the factors that negatively affect the state of health (the well-being of everyone),specialists Colin Boreham, et alii (1997), Wolf-Dietrich Brettschneider and Roland Naul ) have attractedattention for several decades, on: lack of movement - sedentary; stress - increased rhythm of nervoussystem demand; unequal application of body segments; incorrect body positions during day-to-dayactivities; static antiphysiological positions over prolonged periods of time, resulting in cardiovasculardisease, metabolic syndrome and even cancer (Jennen and Uhlenbuck, 2004, 157). In order to counteractthe negative effects of life at an increasingly rapid pace, with a very high stress level, in the absence ofphysical movement, organized in an organized manner, often accompanied by an unreasonable diet (Bullet alii 2004), specialists such as Ch. Jennen and G.Uhlenbuck (2004, 157) propose loisir activities thatcould have a beneficial effect on quality of life and on personal satisfaction. In this study we intend tofollow the evolution of the meanings of the concept of free time in the European space with a case studyon the perception of young people in Romania.

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CONCEPT OF FREEDOM IN PHILOSOPHY AND IN ORTHODOX
CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY

CONCEPT OF FREEDOM IN PHILOSOPHY AND IN ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY

CONCEPT OF FREEDOM IN PHILOSOPHY AND IN ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY

Author(s): Alexandru-Corneliu Arion / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: freedom; nature; person; free will; determinism; divine grace;truth;

Freedom is an original and existential attribute of man. Christianity asserts that every man, as a person,has freedom in nature, since it is an image of God. Even Hegel had argued that the principle of freedomwas born along with Christianity. From a philosophical point of view, there are two mutually exclusivevisions: that of free will and of determinism. If the first one postulates that man is able to choose and toact according to the dictates of his own will, the other affirms that all events, including human actions, arepredetermined. In Christianity, there is an extraneous reality but through which man's natural strength anddeeds are supported continuously: that is the divine grace. Freedom by which God exalted man is freedomas a state, not only as an attribute of an approach of choice accompanied by indecision‟s anxieties; it isfreedom based on knowledge of good when that good belongs appropriately to the human person and toGod as well. “If you abide in my word, then you are truly my disciples. And you shall know the truth, andthe truth shall set you free.” (John 8, 31-32). The authentic freedom of human personality is revealed onlyin the divine Revelation, which reaches its climax in the Incarnation of the divine Logos. The ancientworld did not know the personal freedom; it used to know only public freedom. The various philosophicalconcepts on freedom, but also other various ways of manifesting freedom over the time, have only provedtheir precarious and ephemeral character..

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CREATION, BETWEEN POTENCY AND ACTIVATION, VERSUS
EVIDENCE AND EVOLUTION AT RICHARD DAWKINS

CREATION, BETWEEN POTENCY AND ACTIVATION, VERSUS EVIDENCE AND EVOLUTION AT RICHARD DAWKINS

CREATION, BETWEEN POTENCY AND ACTIVATION, VERSUS EVIDENCE AND EVOLUTION AT RICHARD DAWKINS

Author(s): Ionel Ene / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: Creation; evolution, Richard Dawkins;

The problem of life and the existence of the universe has always been of concern to mankind. There havebeen no historical periods in our becoming, in which man was not fascinated by the miracle of life anddid not ask questions about the beginnings. Of course, every historical age has expressed its beliefsaccording to the power of understanding and the ability to express reality. Antiquity was convinced thatthe world was the work of the gods, to whom they paid special attention, through liturgical acts. It wasnot a unitary expression of mankind in this regard.

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EFFECTIVE ALTRUISM IN OUR SOCIETY

EFFECTIVE ALTRUISM IN OUR SOCIETY

EFFECTIVE ALTRUISM IN OUR SOCIETY

Author(s): Andreea Elena Matic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: effective altruism; generosity; morality; law; society;

In the present paper we aim to analyze two important ethical concepts altruism and generosity. Ourresearch will focus on the philosopher Peter Singer‘s ideas of efficient altruism and generosity becausewe consider that his insight regarding this matter is adequate and realistic. How much money do weactually need in order to live at a decent level and how much we can dispose of in order to help otherpeople and to increase the quality of life for everyone? In the second part of the paper we will refer to thesituation in the Romanian contemporary society in which the multiples flows in the medical system iscausing the necessity of important amount of donated money for medical investigation and treatments,mostly in foreign countries. It is clear that a generous attitude towards the other people (and not onlypeople) can be an important source of personal satisfaction as well as a real salvation for the ones in need.We will mostly refer to the possibilities of donating in Romania taking into account the specificity of oursocial problems. At the same time, we are aware of the fact that we are not the poorest or the mosthelpless country and that Romanian people can also be generous with the less fortunate persons from thethird world countries where children die of diseases that are now easily curable.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND SOCIETY
FROM THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; THE
"EVOLUTIONARY WAGER OF RELIGION"

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND SOCIETY FROM THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; THE "EVOLUTIONARY WAGER OF RELIGION"

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND SOCIETY FROM THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE; THE "EVOLUTIONARY WAGER OF RELIGION"

Author(s): Viorel Rotilă / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: religious mind; Rotila's wager; evolutionism; social utility; useful fictions; the evolutionary wager of religion;

The article analyses the social utility of religion from an evolutionary perspective, identifying someimportant contributions that religion may have had in the emergence of man and humanity. The articlecan be interpreted as a reformulation of Pascal's wager in which we bet on the social utility of religion: IfGod exists, I have won! If God does not exist, but we are immersed in a system of religious beliefs thatsupport community development we have also won! The condition is the social utility of religion. At thesame time, we propose "Rotilă's wager": in order to have a chance of survival, religion must bet on theevolutionary approach of its purpose in the history of humanity, namely on the identification of its owndomain of competence in the existence of the humane through scientific approaches. Religion risksfocusing on issues for which there is no evidence, missing the importance of what it can prove. Thechance of religion is to identify its own domain of competence in the existence of the humane throughscientific approaches. The truth about religion can be found through the understanding of the emergenceand evolution of religion. Religion is based on illusions that have generated useful social institutions;these are part of the category of social fictions, their role being similar to legal fiction. Religion is aprecursor to laic institutions, as it is part of their history. We also operate with the "religious mind"hypothesis: the social brain hypothesis includes the hypothesis of the religious brain; if the "dialogue"specific to social existence has led to the increase in the volume (and a form of structuring) of the brainthen we can consider that the complex relationships with the deities have played the same role.

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POLITICAL TOLERANCE VERSUS MORAL TOLERANCE

POLITICAL TOLERANCE VERSUS MORAL TOLERANCE

POLITICAL TOLERANCE VERSUS MORAL TOLERANCE

Author(s): Mihail Rarita / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: Intolerance; violence; economical globalization; political rationality; ethical accountability;

In this article, we would like to show that tolerance as a political ideal tends to disappear, disappearancewhich is undeniably linked to a crisis of politics both in terms of nature and its importance. First of all, itis about a crisis of its nature, since politics, often conceived as being related to moral concerns, seemsincreasingly guided by logic of war, which makes use of force to become more and more banal,legitimizing it by a reasonably rational speech, which is not without problems. Secondly, we are talkingabout a crisis of the importance of politics, since its legitimacy is increasingly provoked by the marketdue to economic globalization, which weakens the politics, by replacing the concern for the public wealthor good with the rush of private goods. Starting from this discussion of the nature and importance ofpolitics, we advocate in this article both for rehabilitation of politics as well as for an ethicalaccountability of political action, so that politics prevails over the economy and upon the violence thatoften accompanies it

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HOW TO KEEP YOUNG LEARNERS OF ENGLISH HAPPY AND
FOCUSSED. GRAMMAR THROUGH STORIES

HOW TO KEEP YOUNG LEARNERS OF ENGLISH HAPPY AND FOCUSSED. GRAMMAR THROUGH STORIES

HOW TO KEEP YOUNG LEARNERS OF ENGLISH HAPPY AND FOCUSSED. GRAMMAR THROUGH STORIES

Author(s): Iulian Mardar,Antoanela Marta Mardar / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: teaching; grammar for young learners; grammar stories; home-made handouts; tenses;

Teaching through stories is a method as old as the language itself, but it is rarely (if ever) used in teachingschool subjects, including languages. Although numerous teachers grew up with stories and used thisaccessible instrument in order to discover the world around them, to learn new things and to stimulatetheir imagination, once become adults they seem to have forgotten how much stories influenced theirlives and their personal development. Nowadays, children may learn new things by using far moreattractive sources of information and that is why stories tend to be replaced by television shows forchildren or by animated movies which help children of all ages learn and better understand variousscience-related aspects, facts of life and facts of nature. Nevertheless, since most knowledge is acquiredby students from textbooks, shouldn‟t this teaching tool be adapted to their needs and abilities? To bemore specific, shouldn‟t textbooks be structured so as to allow the teachers working with young learners,in particular, to teach new and abstract notions through stories? The present paper will demonstrate thatyoung learners of English may be kept happy and focussed if they are given the chance to learn grammarthrough stories. Teachers play a very important role as they have to use their imagination in order tocreate plausible stories and appropriate materials for further practice.

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STYLISTIC LANDMARKS IN THE OPERETTA THE LAND OF
SMILE BY FRANZ LEHÁR. STAGE DIRECTING CONCEPT

STYLISTIC LANDMARKS IN THE OPERETTA THE LAND OF SMILE BY FRANZ LEHÁR. STAGE DIRECTING CONCEPT

STYLISTIC LANDMARKS IN THE OPERETTA THE LAND OF SMILE BY FRANZ LEHÁR. STAGE DIRECTING CONCEPT

Author(s): Adrian Mărginean / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: Operetta; Lehár; Romanticism; tenor; performing;

Austro-Hungarian composer and conductor, a leading personality in the genre of the 20th centuryoperetta, giving this genre a new vitality, Lehár remained one of the best-known composers of the time,alongside Jacques Offenbach and Johann Strauss II. His most successful operetta - The Merry Widow -has earned a prominent place in the operetta repertoire over time. The romantic operetta in 3 acts TheLand of Smile premiered on October 10, 1929, at the Metropol Theater in Berlin, with tenor RichardTauber as Sou-Chong. This performance provided a revised version of the older version of the operetta,entitled The yellow jacket, presented in 1923 in Vienna. Operetta The Land of Smile by Franz Lehár is anexceptional musical work with a rich oriental coloring with melodies and orchestras rich in meaning,breathing a very modern air with well-crafted characters, both musical and dramaturgic, being the onlyoperetta from musical literature with a sad ending (according to my personal knowledge). In mydirectorial approach, I thought that the most important thing for beeing able to stage a show, so as toexcite the audience and bring it closer to the fascinating world of the musical theater, is to listen to themusic, to understand what it express, then to pass the information through the filter of your sensitivity andreason, putting the show on stage and being in your turn a creator, who translates the language of thecomposer and the librettist in your original way.

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THE IMAGE OF GOD WITHIN MAN – THE FOUNDATION OF SPIRITUAL PERFECTION

THE IMAGE OF GOD WITHIN MAN – THE FOUNDATION OF SPIRITUAL PERFECTION

THE IMAGE OF GOD WITHIN MAN – THE FOUNDATION OF SPIRITUAL PERFECTION

Author(s): Leontin Popescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: man; person; perfection; dialogue; being;

The human being is a mystery, he is not only nature, and he is not only soul, but these two together andmore than that, he represents the divine seal on the individual. The human being can only be defined as abeing impossible to define. Man created in God’s image is immortal, unique, non-recurring and we caneven say impossible to clone. Beyond these statements, deep within himself, man discovers himself as abeing animated by light and grace that do not come from within, but from the outside, as tension that isabove all laws and mechanisms caused by it and which could be altered. Not only by means of his soul,but also by means of his body can any man achieve uniqueness, which makes it so that no body iscompletely identical to another. We find proof in finger prints or even in the composition of strands ofhair, which differ from man to man. With each body, as with each soul, God wanted to make one of Hisspecial thoughts come alive. That is why it is not allowed to treat people as simple, identical copies of thesame reality, but each person should be considered and treated as a unique value in time and space.

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DETERMINING THE SAMPLE SIZE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

DETERMINING THE SAMPLE SIZE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

DETERMINING THE SAMPLE SIZE IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Author(s): Daniela Rusu Mocănașu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: sample size; adequate sample; qualitative research; saturation; purposive sampling;

According to most researchers carrying out qualitative researches, adequacy of sample size is a keymarker for the research’s quality. However, there is no consensus with respect to the exact size of aproper sample. For some authors, the count of investigated units is irrelevant when they assess the samplesize’s adequacy, as they emphasize the abundance of data submitted by the units included in the sample.Other researchers deem the sample size all-important in order to reach reliable outputs and to ensure thereliability of qualitative researches. No clear methods and rules are given for qualitative investigation inorder to guide researches in establishing the sample’s proper size. Size determination is a matter ofconsideration, as the researchers follow various guidelines in order to assess whether their own researchsample is proper or not. This paper aims to identify the main external guidelines for a qualitative researchproject allowing researchers to determine the proper sample size in qualitative research..

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PHILOSOPHICAL PATHOS IN MARÍA ZAMBRANO AND ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER

PHILOSOPHICAL PATHOS IN MARÍA ZAMBRANO AND ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER

PHILOSOPHICAL PATHOS IN MARÍA ZAMBRANO AND ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER

Author(s): Encarnación Ruiz Callejón / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: history of philosophy; intuition; pessimism; poetry;

This work first analyses María Zambrano's reflections on the limits of philosophy, based on the suspicion of its vanity and the ambivalence of its origins. Zambrano explores the genealogy of the traditional conception of the origin of philosophy as wonder, a wonder that she would share with poetry. She postulates a horizon of the conjunction of philosophy and poetry, to respond to the wonder at reality, but she also refers to the possibility of rescuing a more venerable form of philosophy. Secondly the work examines whether Schopenhauer's philosophy, with its proverbial pessimism and its conception of philosophical admiration as dismay, could be regarded as an example of this venerable form of philosophy and, finally, whether aspiring to create this conjunction with poetry is still philosophy.

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SCIENTIFIC LINGUISTICS, A NEVER-ENDING HISTORY

SCIENTIFIC LINGUISTICS, A NEVER-ENDING HISTORY

SCIENTIFIC LINGUISTICS, A NEVER-ENDING HISTORY

Author(s): Jacques Coulardeau / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Phylogeny; diachrony; Black Africa; migrations; language families;

1866 was a turning point in scientific linguistics when the Linguistic Society of Paris banned all papers and presentations on the origin of language. De Saussure locked up the debate with two concepts, diachrony and synchrony. I intend to examine the emergence of the hypothesis of a single origin of human articulated languages, in Africa first, and then Black Africa. The phylogenic approach of biological studies has today spread to linguistics. Sally McBrearty rejected the idea of a Neolithic evolution. Consequently, Black Africa became a major field of archaeological research. Yuval Noah Harari stating the existence of a symbolic revolution around 70,000 years ago, rejected Black Africa along with the Americas, and the Denisovans. Asia has become a major archaeological field. Juliend’Huy implements phylogenetic arborescent technique to the study of myths. The oldest form of a myth is not the origin of it. In oral civlizations some literate individual had to tell the story behind representations for the people to understand, appreciate, and remember them. I will then consider structural linguistics(Noam Chomsky & Universal Grammar). UG has never been able to develop semantics within its own system (Generative Semantics & George Lakoff). Science is always a temporarily approximate vision of what it considers. First, what any science explores is constantly evolving following phylogenic dynamics that are contained in the very objects of such scientific studies. Second, any new knowledge appearing in the field concerned causes a complete restructuration of what we knew before.

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THE FIRST FOUR DAYS: A SCIENTIFIC VIEW FOR THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

THE FIRST FOUR DAYS: A SCIENTIFIC VIEW FOR THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

THE FIRST FOUR DAYS: A SCIENTIFIC VIEW FOR THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE

Author(s): Tianxi Zhang / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Genesis; Cosmology, Black Hole; Universe;

The first four days of Genesis are scientifically interpreted according to the author’s well-developed blackhole universe model. From this scientific view for the creation of the universe described in the book of Genesis, God in the first day created the space and time, matter and motion, charge and fundamental forces, energy and light for the infinite large entire universe. Then, in the second day, God hierarchically structured the entire universe by separating the matter and space with infinite layers that are bounded by event horizons and further formed our finite black hole universe. In the third day, God constructed the interiors of our finite black hole universe with planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters, etc. And, in the fourth day, God finally created our home planet Earth and the solar system and made lights including the Sun, Moon, and stars to give light to our universe and Earth. This up-to-date explanation to God’s creative work during the first four days has bridged the gap between Genesis and observations of the universe and brought us a scientific view and understanding on the book of Genesis. This innovative interpretation of Genesis also strongly supports the black hole universe model to be capable of revealing the mysteries of the universe. This is a synthetic article of the four papers recently published on IJTPS to interpret the firs through fourth day of Genesis according to the black hole model of the universe.

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ENCODING REALITY INTO FICTION/ DECODING FICTION AS REALITY: POSTMODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY AS CRITICAL THEORY

ENCODING REALITY INTO FICTION/ DECODING FICTION AS REALITY: POSTMODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY AS CRITICAL THEORY

ENCODING REALITY INTO FICTION/ DECODING FICTION AS REALITY: POSTMODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY AS CRITICAL THEORY

Author(s): Oana-Celia Gheorghiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Cultural Theory; New Historicism; Cultural Materialism; Cultural Studies; contemporary fiction; politics;

This paper is intended as a brief critical review of three interrelated, fairly similar critical theories, born out the necessity of looking into cultural forms and products with a view to finding the politics at work therein. While American New Historicism is more historically oriented, British Cultural Materialism, with its more obvious influence from Marxism, Postcolonialism and other theories which place the margin at their centre, seems to be more in tune with contemporaneity, and so is the area of Cultural Studies, with its emphasis on cultural representations. It is advocated here that contemporary fiction cannot be fully separated from other textual forms, which are considered here historiographic (not historical) because of their nature of texts produced subjectively, within a certain political, social and cultural context, irrespective of their assumed scientific objectivity. Literature, it is further argued, has become a discourse-oriented end eavour with an active participation, an idea supported in the present study by making reference to several critical and polemic writings by Salman Rushdie, which, in a topsyturvy, postmodernist manner, are foregrounded before, and not after the literature review proper.

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