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(UN)QUESTIONABLE USE OF ANGLICISMS IN ROMANIAN COMPUTERESE

Author(s): Iulia Veronica Cocu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

In recent years, due to the fact that, on the one hand, English has become a lingua franca ofcommunication, being all-pervasive in fields such as economics, business, IT or medicine and, on theother hand, to the fact that technology has evolved at a very fast pace, new specialised terms haveemerged in order to accommodate this rapid change, which more often than not do not have equivalentsin other languages. The present paper is intended to present the influence that English has had over thespecialised terminology in the field of computer science, focusing on the English language as a primarysource for a great number of lexical and morphological innovations in the Romanian informationtechnology-related vocabulary. The paper will demonstrate that, although the use of Anglicisms may bethe only solution due to the untranslatability of the specialised computer science terms in some cases,there are also instances in which the respective terms can either be translated or have a phonetically andorthographically adapted Romanian equivalent. The conclusion of the study is that the Romanianlanguage displays a natural general disposition towards adopting and adapting borrowed informationtechnology terms to the detriment of their perfectly functional Romanian equivalents. Most often, thetranslation of the specialised terms occurs when the respective word is used by and widely known to thegeneral public, whereas the very specialised English terms are adopted as such when they refer to specificbranches of IT.

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A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH

Author(s): Antoanela Marta Mardar,Iulian Mardar / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Starting from the fact that sentences are part and parcel of human communication, irrespective of thelanguage under discussion, and that their form and meaning may vary to a great extent depending on thespeaker‟s intentions of communication, the present paper aims at approaching the multifaceted nature ofinterrogative sentences (also questions) in English by taking into discussion possible definitions andclassifications of such sentences, their morphologic, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and stylistic featuresand the ways in which (some of) these features favour a series of (common) mistakes on the part of nonnative speakers of English, in general, and of Romanian speakers, in particular. The ultimate aim of suchan approach is, on the one hand, to raise the learners‟ awareness with respect to the complex nature ofquestions in English, and to suggest a linguistically integrative approach to teaching questions in Englishto upper-intermediate and advanced learners, on the other.

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A NEW CONCEPT TO BE RECKONED WITH: NEUROTHEOLOGY

Author(s): Alexandru-Corneliu Arion / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The present paper tackles one of the most significant expressions of the old conflict between science and religion, highlighted by the investigation at the crossroads of psychology, religion and spirituality, and neuroscience. Neurotheology is the study of correlations of neural phenomena with subjective experiences of spirituality and hypotheses to explain these phenomena. Partisans of this field claim that there is a neurological and evolutionary basis for subjective experiences traditionally categorized as spiritual or religious. However, writers committed to a materialist ontology and a reductive approach to the mind are arguing not only for neural correlates to spiritual experience but are intending to eliminate spirituality entirely by arguing that these experiences are caused by the brain in some manner. Underlining the “neuroscience of enlightenment”, the author analyzes aspects such as: the brain and enlightenment, prayer on the brain, neuroscience and religious experience, brain functions and theological topics. On functional MRI scans, people who meditate regularly are shown to have developed brains that are wired differently than the brains of people who don’t meditate. They are better able to remain calm and stress-free, live in peace, and practice compassion. What the researchers found is that the subjects who suffered of Alzheimer and Parkinson’s frontal lobes, parietal lobes, and limbic systems all showed similar heightened activity. Though the data has been interpreted by different people in different ways, what is clear is that prayer and meditation seem to have a unique biochemical effect on the brain. Neurotheology seeks to facilitate a dialogue between religion and science with the eventual goal of helping to integrate these perspectives around the nexus of neuropsychology.

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A QUESTION OF METHOD: READING WAR POETRY AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL

Author(s): Isabela Merilă / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

In the several years of leading a practice class on poetry at undergraduate level, I have noticed that, moreoften than not, students doubt their ability to understand and relate to a poem, even more than they do inregard to any other type of literary text. It goes beyond the natural reserve of someone who has not hadsufficient practice in the field of critical analysis and the resulting reaction is equivalent to disqualifyingoneself from the race before it has even started. The following pages are dedicated to one of the strategieswhich helped overcome this obstacle and which promotes close reading in a manner that the students mayfind engaging. It was employed in the discussion of war poetry with second-year students enrolled in theBA English Program at the Faculty of Letters, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania. Fourtexts were selected: Grodek, by Georg Trakl (in English by Michael Hamburger), Anthem for DoomedYouth, by Wilfred Owen, Leaving for the Front, by Alfred Lichtenstein (translated by Patrick Bridgwater)and Gala, by Guillaume Apollinaire (in Oliver Bernard‟s translation). These texts, as well as a short,relevant biographical note for each of the poets were the only aids employed in an exercise that constantlymanaged to result in constructive exchanges of ideas and a deeper understanding of how critical analysiscan be employed without becoming tedious or overly stressful.

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A SOCIOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION OF GOSSIP IN MASS-MEDIA

Author(s): Felicia Cordoneanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

What is the social significance of gossip? The answer to this question acquires multiple valences, derivedfrom the pattern of analysis that we intend to use here. Psychologically speaking, gossip is a behaviouralpattern, anthropologically, gossip may be a mentality model; philosophy of culture and history regardgossip as a source of knowledge. As an attitude and a behavioural pattern, gossip can be construed associalising, and the logical and relational scheme of human interaction has been analysed from theperspective of mathematical logic and of information sciences. The present paper aims to answer thequestion above from a sociological perspective. Starting from the social identity theory, role theory, andenlarging upon the concept of social typology, this study advances an original theoretical andmethodological model of interpretative and descriptive analysis, i.e., a conceptual construction of thesociological significance of gossip and of the human types involved in this manifestation of socialising. Inthis respect, reference will be made to all social actors involved in a manifest situation of gossip:gossipmongers, people being talked about, and consumers of entertainment news in which gossip is themost important source of information. As stated in the title, the research focus is the social environmentgenerically called mass-media. Specifically, we analyse the positive and negative effects of gossip on thepublic image of those involved in gossip. More precisely, we analyse the social significance of gossip inwhat we term gossip media/ gossip news on television (entertainment shows).

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ABSURDIST BLACK HUMOUR IN EDWARD ALBEE’S WHO’S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOOLF?

Author(s): Iulia Veronica Cocu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Nourished by the ideas of the Theatre of the Absurd that relied on the loss of logical language and on ridiculing conventionalised and stereotyped speech patterns, which were considered to represent a barrier between us and what the world is really about, Edward Albee developed a view of the theatre that was unconventional, if not defiantly radical, by means of the language used, incoherent, frightening and strange but, at the same time, somehow humorous and hauntingly poetic and familiar. In Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, Edward Albee is concerned with the failure of communication and the sexual substructure of modern society, by rejecting logic for a type of non-logic, which is stylistically transposed in a unique manner, giving birth to the play’s black humour. Edward Albee’s play observes the trends of drama related to this period that induces a kind of sick laughter, mocking and self-deprecating. His black humour shares the general traits of this trend, i.e. the debasement and dehumanization of man, a rising lack of moral values that results in a dark humour that laughs at the irrationality of the world, to which he also adds his personal tinge, i.e. the themes of lack of communication and lack of individuality, which are brilliantly rendered linguistically in his play, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?.

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ADOLESCENT`S ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE COUNSELING

Author(s): Ioana Georgiana Frujină / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Due to limited life experience and lack of proper self-respect criteria, teenagers need discreet counselingand guidance, being helped to form their ideal of life, perfect their moral judgments, and raise their levelof conscience and moral conduct. School counseling is a socio-pedagogical and economic instrument ofmodern society. The activity of school counseling and orientation is to support the fundamentalprinciples of education: the teacher-student relationship, the balance between the formality and theinformative, but also the principle of success. The counselor is a person with adequate training such ashaving studies in psychology, pedagogy or sociology field, who is involved in school counseling andorientation and professional orientation, supporting teachers, parents and pupils in the field of activity.Through this research work, the knowledge and abilities related to school counseling and adolescentorientation were improved.

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AESTHETICS OF GEOMETRY IN FOLK ART IN PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION

Author(s): Loredana Muntean,Adina Vesa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

In the title of this article there are associated terms that apparently relate to various fields of interest:aesthetics, geometry, folklore and education. The concern for aproaching a theme such as Aesthetics ofGeometry in Folk Art in Primary School Education stems from current professional practice, from thedesire to find answers where they are not sufficiently sought - in the essence of the human being.The present paper is structured on three parts preceded by the introduction. In the first part there aresynthesized some ideas regarding the presence of the elements of geometry in the folk motifs, in thesongs and dances specific to the folklore of the children. The second part details some features of popularaesthetics of intrinsic and extrinsic value. The third part describes how the geometry and folk art can beintertwined in the didactic approach both in order to optimize students' school performances and toeducate them as authenticity-oriented individuals.

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AGAINST THE FALLACY OF EDUCATION AS A SOURCE OF ETHICS

Author(s): Spyridon I. Kakos / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

For centuries, the major story of enlightenment was that education is and should be the cornerstone of our society. We try to educate people to make them respectable members of society, something which we inherently relate to being ‗better persons‘, firmly believing that education makes humans less prone to evil. Today, modern research seems to validate that premise: statistics verify that more education results to less crime. But is this picture accurate and does this mean anything regarding morality per se? This paper tries to examine the facts with a more critical eye and determine whether education is indeed a source of ethics or not. The results of the analysis show that what we understand as education is not only unrelated to ethics but can also be a factor resulting in the degradation of morality in humans. Rousseau‘s arguments against science and arts are re-enforced with arguments stemming from other great philosophers and from modern experience itself. Using modern statistical analysis regarding the correlation of crime and education and through the examination of the modern regression in ethical issues, it becomes evident that education cannot and should not be a source of ethics. Knowing what is ethical is not as important as living an ethical life. Pharisees were the first to be denied the entrance to the kingdom of God. As Oscar Wilde once said, "Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught".

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AMO UT SCIAM: THE FUNCTION OF LOVE IN THE PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE LIGHT OF ST. BONAVENTURE’S PHILOSOPHY

Author(s): Francisco Christopher DC. / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This study aimed at probing the function of love in the process of knowledge in the light of St. Bonaventure’s philosophy. To achieve this aim, the researcher have focused the study to the following questions: (a) What is the concept of love according to St. Bonaventure? (b) What is the process of knowledge? This study will use the qualitative-historical method. This study is qualitative because it deals with the non-numerical data in the form of philosophical texts. Also, it is historical in the sense of Schleiermacher and Dilthey’s ideographical history which does not so much focused on ideas in themselves but also on the life experience that led to formulation of the idea. The results showed, on the one hand, that love refers to which seeks its genuineness to God. A man-to-God relationship. In the Itinerarium mentis in Deum, love is when a man has reached the contemplation with God. To love is to be united with the First and Supreme Principle through contemplation. Knowledge, on the other hand, knowledge is a judgment, therefore, is an action which causes the sensible species, received in a sensible way through the senses, to enter the intellective faculty by a process of purification and abstraction. Hence, love is the unitive factor of knowledge that it cognates, and knowledge is the cognitive factor of love that it unites

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AN EXISTENTIAL MODEL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SAINT MAXIMUS THE CONFESSOR

Author(s): Gina Luminița Scarlat / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

By taking a brief look at the history of human thinking, we find that people are constantly preoccupied byexistence. From the perspective of cosmological models, one can even speak of their philosophical andscientific history. In Greek theology, Saint Maximus the Confessor is the author of an existential modelthat integrates both the cosmological and the anthropological dimensions. Its particularity consists of thefact that it describes the fundamental stages of existence in terms that are found in the Platonic andAristotelian philosophies. This vision is permeated by the pre-Christian Greek philosophical tradition inwhich Saint Maximus found elements compatible to Christianity. His existential model is based on theChristian revelation expressed in philosophical and theological concepts, with an obvious tendency forobjectivity. The three coordinates of Saint Maximus’ existential model are existence - the good existence– the eternal existence. The fundamental concepts of Saint Maximus’ existential model that determine thequality of the human way of living are nature, power, energy, movement, and free will. More specifically,the way in which the formation of good habits is described by reference to the rationale of humanexistence reflects a hermeneutical capacity that synthesizes Aristotle's Nicomachean ethics and Christianethics. For this reason, Saint Maximus’ existential model can be a reflection base for contemporaryphilosophy and anthropology.

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APPROACHES OF HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEING IN PSYCHOLOGY

Author(s): Cristina -Corina Benţea / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

The purpose of the present study is to present the paradigm changes in the investigation of happiness. Arehighlighted some theoretical and methodological contributions in understanding of the concept in the shiftfrom the hedonic perspective, focused on happiness, subjective well-being and life satisfaction toeudaimonic perspective, focused on psychological well-being, human potential and optimal functioning.According with the theoretical and methodological ways of conceptualizing, the concept of happiness hashad slightly different meanings. Subjective and psychological well-being represent related but distinctconceptions of well-being. In the final part, is discussed one of the most referential approach of thehappiness in the domain of positive psychology. Seligman’s theoretical model of well-being helps us tounderstand what are the elements which contribute to well-being and what people can do to maximizeeach element to reach a life full of happiness. The model is in line with the ultimate goal of the positivepsychology as scientific study of the strengths and well-being that enable both individuals andcommunities to flourish

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AXIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Author(s): Alexandru-Corneliu Arion / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The problem of the nexus between the authentic Christian values and the day-by-day more desacralizedcontemporary world is one very delicate, almost unfathomable. In the realm of science we can hardly talkabout a general theory of values (axiology), because since the nineteenth century that seemed to elude (tosay the least) the relationship between facts (scientific ones) and values (social, cultural etc.), as hadpulled an alarm, at the beginning of the twentieth century, German phenomenologist Edmund Husserl. Onthe other hand, European education not only the contemporary one seems to ignore (directly or indirectly)Christian values, from the moment religion has turned from a discipline of objective interest to one ofparticular or subjective interest. Science and, consequently, scientific research are losing sight of what hastraditionally been the ultimate human goal: the authentic values that define man, constitute him in thespace of his very existence, as a being created “in the image of God”. Viewed at the level of the finalityand content, religious education reveals a set of values that are in congeniality with the teaching ofChristian faith. The Church, theandric institution that guarantees the condition of homo axiologicus freelyproposes values and does not impose them. Therefore we consider that it is imperative to reaffirm thegreat importance both to the Church, as basic institution of society and to religious education inaxiological-imbued formation of today young people equally from Romanian and European society.

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BEST PRACTICES IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF THE FABLE USING THE WALDORF METHOD

Author(s): Maria-Gabriela Drăghici / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Waldorf education is an alternative education system which brings out pupils’ qualities, which are definedas cognitive-emotional skills and capacities, as well as artistic talents, in order to neutralise/combatnegative states stemming from harmful emotional experiences. Teacher Janet Lansbury claims that thereis no such thing as a bad child; there are just adults who are insufficiently informed, as well as mentallyand emotionally unprepared to cope with the manifestations of the new generation of children. TheWaldorf school attempts to solve these issues and provide the system with an alternative based onunderstanding divine creation by starting from the physical elements encountered in nature. Theprimordial existence of the child in the universe and his/her arrival into the world constitute the basis ofthe emotional manifestations he/she experiences throughout life. Moreover, subjectively judging a childby permanently harbouring negative thoughts leads to such thoughts being unconsciously conveyed to thechild by the adult, as the human brain possesses the capacity to transfer impulses through the sphere ofthe universe. The traditional education system has registered minor changes by adopting alternativepractices in order to encourage wellness among pupils. That is why, in the present article, we have set outto document the observations made following a German language lesson at a state school in Bucharest, alesson focused on teaching and learning a fable based on the ideas of the Waldorf alternative educationsystem.

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BETTER CONVERSATIONS- LET’S TALK ABOUT LIFE

Author(s): Ramona Nicoleta Arieşan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of a real conversation – something that might belacking these days. It is important to show that no matter what the context is, a conversation is what caneither make us or break us. At the end of the day the most important conversation is the one we have withus, the inner part of us. But in order to reach that level we need to make sure that our own way ofcommunication is placed on the right path, not for the others to follow but for us to be able to expresswhat we really feel or think in a given situation. Talking about life is something that emerges from withinbecause no matter how many books we read or how many people we meet, all with different lifeexperiences, what is really important is how we come to understand everything, how we form our ownvision, stick with it and then, only then, emerge into someone else’s perception about life, in general. Nomatter who you are, who you dream to be, who you were or who you are going to become, you need tomake sure that you know the real you, that when you are facing your reflection in the mirror you areproud of you, even just for being you.

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BETWEEN CHOLERA AND OTTOMAN ABUSES: THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF THE DANUBE AND THE QUARANTINE REGIME OF THE MARITIME DANUBE (1856–1878)

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BETWEEN CHOLERA AND OTTOMAN ABUSES: THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION OF THE DANUBE AND THE QUARANTINE REGIME OF THE MARITIME DANUBE (1856–1878)

Author(s): Constantin Ardeleanu / Language(s): English / Issue: XIX/2022

This paper analyses the public health policies adopted by the European Commission of the Danube (ECD), an international organisation tasked to improve navigation along the Maritime Danube. The ECD, a techno-political institution whose attributions were continuously extended after its foundation in 1856, came to be deeply involved in proposing quarantine regulations meant to balance free navigation and sanitary precautions. However, to prevent turning quarantine restrictions into a burden for Danube navigation, the ECD adopted a proactive attitude and tried to simplify quarantine restrictions in cooperation with riparian state authorities. It also cooperated with other transnational institutions, such as Superior Board of Health that worked in the Ottoman capital to prevent the spread of epidemics.

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BREXIT FRAMING IN BRITISH MEDIA

Author(s): Oana-Celia Gheorghiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

2019 brings about fiery debates and endless questions about the United Kingdom‘s current and futurerelation to the European Union. An important aspect is whether the United Kingdom should or should notorganise another national referendum regarding membership in the European Union. It is, nevertheless,equally important to identify the causes and reasons that led to the vote in favour of Leave in the 2016referendum, widely known as Brexit. It is contended here that the British media played an important rolein shaping the citizens‘ options, imposing themselves as actors in the construction of a sociologicalphenomenon with serious effects and consequences. Combining the linguistic and cultural perspectives,with scientific tools from the domain of Discourse Analysis, this paper will look into several relevant proand anti-Brexit views, as presented by important British newspapers to the wide public, tracing theirarguments and the way in which manipulation was achieved on both Leave and Remain sides.

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BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE INDIVIDUAL’ POSITION TOWARDS STATE AND FAMILY IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

Author(s): Simona Gavrila,Andreea Elena Matic / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

A major issue in contemporary society, one that engenders debates and disputes among philosophers,sociologists, psychologists, jurists and other specialists refers to the drastic change of the structure andfunctions of the traditional family. Due to the great number of people who prefer to live alone, divorce, insingle-parent families or consensual unions, the values of the traditional family are questioned and oftenseem totally outdated. In this article we aim to analyze the changes produced into the content of thenotion of family in the contemporary society in contrast to the traditional family ideas and values. Webelieve that, as society and the state evolved becoming increasingly complex, the role of the state in theindividual's life grew and the family's influence diminished. From our point of view, one of the reasonswhy the contemporary family is so different from the traditional family is due to the increased influenceof the state in the individual's life through its institutions and the legal order: social protection, ensuring adecent living standard, education etc. In order to support this idea, we will present a series ofphilosophical and legal arguments through which we will try to demonstrate that the major influence ofthe state and the law in the individual's life constitutes an essential element that has led to a decrease inthe influence of the traditional family

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BULLYING IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Luminiţa Mihaela Drăghicescu,Ioana Stăncescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

The bullying phenomenon is a reality of the current Romanian school, insufficiently aware by teachers,students and parents alike, both as forms of manifestation and as effects. Numerous studies conducted inthe European Union area highlight the tendency of bullying to spread and grow in intensity, aphenomenon with negative impact not only on school life but also on personal and social development.For this reason, in recent years, there has been a constant concern at European level to develop antibullying policies and strategies and to identify good practices in this regard, that can be disseminated toprevent and combat bullying. In Romania, efforts are still being made to raise awareness of what bullyingis and what its consequences are, the concrete steps in the form of prevention programs, anti-bullyingintervention strategies, appropriate educational tools are almost non-existent. Referring to this undesirablereality of the Romanian school, we aim, through an investigative approach, to analyze the extent to whichpre-university education teachers are aware of this phenomenon and promptly identify some of its formsof manifestation. The study circumscribes a quantitative approach, conducted through the questionnairesurvey, and a qualitative approach, materialized in the organization of focus groups with teachersincluded in the research sample

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CHRISTIAN ASCESIS: THE AXIS OF HARMONY OF SPIRITUAL LIFE

Author(s): Marin Bugiulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This article presents a very important topic that aims at the balance of the spiritual life, namelyasceticism. Asceticism is the state developed by the divine energies that sustain man's spiritual progress.A believer, the more he practices on the path of doing good, the better and more virtuous he will become.The more he seeks to eliminate sin from his being, the purer and godlier he will become. This exercise iscalled in spiritual language: asceticism. Man is a reality of divine harmony, but we must keep in mind thatthis gracious presence cannot be expressed conceptually because it belongs to a transcendental,metaphysical reality. Therefore, Christian asceticism refers to the acquisition and perfection of life inChrist. In this endeavor man is not left alone. God's grace helps him to achieve the state of holiness, ofperfection.

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