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CSD Policy Brief № 54: Child Trafficking Among Vulnerable Roma Communities

Политически брифинг № 54 на CSD: Трафик на деца сред уязвими ромски общности

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Trafficking in persons is a lucrative crime and a gross human rights violation, which affects all EU Member States. Trafficking in children merits special attention of anti-trafficking efforts as children are especially vulnerable to trafficking, re-trafficking and victimisation and the number of children trafficked throughout the EU is on the rise. Investigation, protection and prevention measures for child trafficking are especially needed as the exploitation of children and violation of their rights have dramatic negative effects on children and society as a whole. While there is some empirical evidence on trafficking in human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation of women, other forms of trafficking have not drawn attention of researchers, academics and policy makers. This means that victims of exploitation fall outside the radar of identification and thus cannot access the available assistance. Having this in mind, a consortium of seven partner organisations3 sough to explore three specific under-researched forms of child trafficking in order to contribute to the knowledge on how and why children fall prey to exploitation. The three forms studied are child trafficking for the purpose of begging exploitation, child trafficking for the purpose of pick-pocketing and child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation of boys.

Albania-Serbia relations in the Eyes of the Albanian Public 2015

Albania-Serbia relations in the Eyes of the Albanian Public 2015

Author(s): Alba Çela / Language(s): English

Keywords: Albania- Serbia Relations; Balkan; Political Relations; Survey; Bilateral Relations

Albania and Serbia share a difficult historic baggage. The dissolution of Yugoslavia and conflict in Kosovo and the subsequent independence of Kosova have been a powerful rollercoaster for the two countries which claim to be home-seat to the largest ethnic groups in the Balkans. However even between Serbia and Kosova some signs of normalization due to the EU sponsored dialogue are starting to materialize beyond symbolical handshakes and right into important bilateral deals. // The results of the survey which you can access in this publication portray a lot of positive potential for improvement of the bilateral relations more likely starting with the ‘easy parts’: cultural cooperation and getting to know more about each other. Most important citizens seem fully aware of the importance that these relations have for the future of the entire region as well as for the European integration project that the region also shares.

Revision of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia in the light of the internationalisation of constitutional law

Revizija Ustava Republike Srbije u svetlosti internacionalizacije ustavnog prava

Author(s): Tijana Šurlan / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Public law; Constitution; Republic of Serbia; revision; internationalisation; human rights: EU;

Main thesis of the paper is that in the realm of law there is an ongoing process of the internationalisation. Internationalisation as a process can produce certain influence during the process of the forthcoming revision of constitution of Republic of Serbia. Within this paper, influence of the international law toward constitutional law is analysed in two aspects – as a factual internationalisation and as a normative internationalisation. Factual internationalisation is based on the already created normative internationalisation and in this paper it is studied through the work of the international organisations. Normative internationalisation that is embedded within the actual Constitution, presents the starting point for the analysis of existing concept and as a ground for the rethinking of the possible revisions. Goal of the paper is to provide deep analyses with the purpose of offering new approach for the forthcoming revision of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia.

Possibilities of Ombudsman intervention in administrative procedures in the example of the Freedom of Access to Information Act

Mogućnosti intervencije ombudsmana u upravnim postupcima na primjeru Zakona o slobodi pristupa informacijama

Author(s): Emir Mehmedović,Selma Horić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Public law; BiH; constitution; ombudsman; administrative proceedings; intervention; information access;

In this paper authors are considering the potential of the Ombudsman's intervention in the Administrative Procedure, which is the basic procedure related to the work of Public administration. Existing legislation provides significant opportunities for Ombudsman to intervene in Administrative Procedure, as well as in Administrative Dispute, as a continuation of the Administrative Procedure. Analysis has been carried out in the area of Freedom of access to information, while the Freedom of Access to Information Act specifically emphasizes the role of the Ombudsman and due to the fact that this freedom is realized in Special Administrative Procedure. The Annual Report on results of the activities of the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina for 2016 was taken as the basis for the analysis. Data from aforementioned report compared to the legally regulated potentials led to the conclusion that the Ombudsman does not have significant influence on Administrative Procedures. The Ombudsmen does not use all the available remedies in the area of Freedom of access to information and in this cases it almost never acts as a party in the first instance and second instance of Administrative Procedure nor as the Plaintiff in an Administrative Dispute. Also, the Ombudsman's recommendations are rarely addressed to the second instance bodies or to the Court before termination of the (second instance or judicial) procedure. Timely issued recommendations (although by legal nature not binding) could be helpful in making legitimate and fair decisions by the power of their arguments. Also, it was found that there is not a satisfactory level of cooperation between Ombudsmen and Public Bodies, which challenges the effectiveness and efficiency of the Ombudsman in the area of Freedom of access to information. This requires appropriate measures which can lead to effective protection of the mentioned right. Improvement of the legal framework, cooperation and mutual respect are key factors.

Critical review of the new Croatian Labor Law

Kritički osvrt na novi hrvatski Zakon o radu

Author(s): Nataša Novaković / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Public law; labour law; labour code; labour relations; legislation; Republic of Croatia; government;

The Labour Law in Croatia is one of the most interesting question for every government. Especially now when Croatian economy is deep in crises and there is no sign of recovery. Social partners were negotiating with Ministry of labour and pension system for more than a year. Social partners had conflicting opinions, on one side employers were promoting flexible approaches (especially for working time) while on the other side trade unions were pushing for rigid and fixed mechanism. In this article the author tried to give short critical overview of negotiation but also a critical overview of new Labour code who is in force since August 2014. Author will explore in more details new institutes in labour relations and also the main changes in it. Maybe the most interesting part of this work is retrospective of law between the two readings in the Parliament, because it is very clear which changes were put aside because of the pressure from trade unions. At the end we got Law that is doubtfully cost-effective.

Legal protection of citizens from cross-border air pollution

Pravna zaštita građana od prekograničnog onečišćenja zraka

Author(s): Lana Ofak,Paula Jelić / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Public law; air pollution; transboundary air pollution; citizens; legal protection; legislation; EU legislation; international law; Convention on Access to Information; Public Participation in Decision-making;

This paper deals with the problem of transboundary air pollution. It begins with a brief reference to the harmful effects of air pollution on human health and the environment. Taking into consideration that Croatia joined the EU on 1st of July 2013 and Bosnia and Herzegovina is a potential candidate country, which signed the Stabilisation and Association Agreement on the 16th of June 2008, the paper presents the legal framework of the European Union relating to the air protection. Both Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are signatories to international treaties that are relevant for air pollution. Thus, the paper demonstrates the obligations of States under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its Protocols, the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context and the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment, and the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters and Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers. For each of these conventions the authors describe the non-compliance procedures. A special emphasis is given to the possibility of citizens to initiate proceedings against the party that (allegedly) does not meet its commitments.

Financial consumer protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina – role of the Ombudsman for banking system

Zaštita korisnika financijskih usluga u Bosni i Hercegovini - uloga Ombudsmena za bankarski sustav

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: BiH; banking system; financial consumer protection; ombudsman institution; role; legal framework;

After negative experiences from previous period, lawmakers in BiH's entities brought up new legal framework for financial consumer protection which is adjusted to acquis communautaire in European union. New legal framework significantly upgrades earlier financial consumer protection system, which mostly relied on Law on obligations and good will of financial institutions. New laws prescribe obligations for financial institutions in a clearly manner as well as rights for financial consumers, with purpose of putting more balance on contractual parties relationships. New framework empowered Ombudsman for banking system in order to create disciplined environment for financial institutions and also to promote awareness of financial consumers. It seems that Ombudsman was given broad competences to fulfill his goals, which are actually quite similar to regular court ones. Adopting new laws, which nominally treat specific area, usually do not accomplish wanted results by itself. It is needed to improve financial literacy of consumers from early days, by introducing elementary financial knowledge in school programs. It is extremely important to work on raising awareness of consumer rights and generally of credit risks on the market. That could be accomplished by creating competent financial and legal offices on municipal level, in charged for advising consumers in every phase of business relationship with financial institution. Insolvent people should be given way out from hard financial situation through personal bankruptcy. The state should take care of it's citizens and give them chance for a new start. Only comprehensive interdisciplinary approach could minimize devastating consequences of consumer's insolvency.

The causes of presidentialization of parliamentarism and the scope of constitutional engineering in the Republic of Serbia

Uzroci prezidencijalizovanja parlamentarizma i dometi ustavnog inženjeringa u Republici Srbiji

Author(s): Darko Simović / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: parliamentarism; Serbia; Constitution of Serbia; horizontal organization of powers in Serbia; president;

Since the establishment of parliamentarism in Serbia in 1990, this system of government did not function in the manner foreseen by the framers of the constitution. Instead of being a neutral and arbitrary power, the President of the Republic is in practice, for the most part, a primary power dominating over the constitutional system of Serbia. The 2006 Constitution of Serbia did not introduce significant novelties in the area of horizontal organization of powers. The system of powers is still susceptible to presidentialization and its functioning in practice, first and foremost, depends on non-institutional factors. The major weakness of the horizontal organization of powers in Serbia is the inconsistency in the constitutional modeling of the position of the President of the Republic. The President is envisioned as an arbitrative power that should be harmonizing the work of the parliament and the government. However, past political practice dictates that the President of the Republic has never in the true sense of the word effectuated such a role because there is a discord between direct political legitimacy and the competences which are at his disposal. This paper discusses the thesis that the acceptance of a semi-presidential system, along with the securing of political neutrality of the President of the Republic, could be an efficient solution for political circumstances in Serbia. In any case, it is necessary to simultaneously strengthen the political and legal culture, because the noninstitutional factors are of cardinal significance for harmonious functioning of the established system of powers.

Are the functions of the Head of the State and the President of the political party incompatible? - Constitutional position of the President of the Republic of Serbia

Da li su inkompatibilne funkcije šefa države i predsednika političke stranke – ustavnopravni položaj predsednika Republike Srbije?

Author(s): Dejan A. Milić / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Head of the State; President of the political party; Constitutional position of the President; Republic of Serbia; governance functions;

Government authority in contemporary parliamentary democracies is based on the principle of the division of power, which ensures that none of the three branches of authority extend beyond the constitutionally established barriers, at the expense of other branches of authority. Such a functioning of government authority is ensured by the mechanism which is referred to as ‘brakes and equilibrium’, with the help of which the legislative, executive and judicial powers are controlled and limited by one another. One constitutional brake is the institution of incompatibility of state functions with other public functions and professional activities. Due to the central position in the system of state authority, the position of the head of state is particularly significant. The achieved constitutional standard is the absolute incompatibility of the function of the head of state with other public functions and professional activities. This protects not only the principle of dividing the authority, but also the integrity of the bearer of the function. The great attention of the comparative constitutional theory is drawn to the incompatibility of the head of state and the head of the political party. In theory, one attitude prevails that the head of state should be banned to exercise the function of the head of the party by constitution, so as not to jeopardize the position of the parliament and the government. The starting point of this work is that being the head of state and the head of the political party at the same time, by itself, does not pose a threat to the division of authority, if the constitution is respected.

Position of people aged 45+ on the labor market

Situace osob ve věku 45+ na trhu práce

Author(s): Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková / Language(s): Czech

Keywords: Labour market; labour force; human resources; people older than 45; discrimination; equal opportunities;

Cooperative Federalism, Bundestreue (Federal Comity) and European Integration. Experiences from the German Federal System for Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Kooperativer Föderalismus, Bundestreue und europäische Integration. Deutsche Erfahrungen für Bosnien und Herzegowina?

Author(s): Jens Woelk / Language(s): German

Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; constitution; federalism; European integrations; EU; cooperative federalism;

70 years German Basic Law – nearly 25 years Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The huge differences between both Constitutions, their application and their respective environment are evident suggesting not to even start a comparison, in particular due to the complexity and the peculiar situation of BiH. However, as both States are federal systems, the paper tries to highlight some structural elements of the German federal experience using them as a basis for reflections regarding the improvement of the current stalemate in BiH. The focus is on the different logic of German federalism, as a system which is based upon cooperation due to the asymmetrical set up in the functions of federal level and States. After a brief introduction on the origins and the historical environment conditioning the federal system, some structural elements making up the specific form of German cooperative federalism are illustrated: the systemic logic, an overview over the competencies and the institutional link, the Federal Council. The unwritten constitutional principle which guarantees cooperation and respect even in the absence of written rules in order to guarantee a functional and functioning system is discussed before focusing on the adaptation of the federal system to European integration and multi-level governance. After the presentation and brief illustration of each element of the German federal system, comparative reflections follow regarding the situation in BiH. While the German experiences are certainly not transferable to BiH as such, they clearly demonstrate that federalism will be a solution only, if there is a political will to make it work and to use it positively for making the system function as a system. Despite federalism being a structural principle for nearly 25 years in BiH, too, it has rather been a problem than the solution. The political will for overcoming the cold war after the conflict through cooperation and by improving the Dayton compromise has to come from within.

Public Enterprises in the Social Integrity System of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Javna poduzeća u Sustavu društvenog integriteta Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Dragan Slipac / Language(s): Croatian

Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; public companies; corruption; public sector; corporate governance; public interest; management;

The widespread corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina which takes on the character of systemic corruption has a negative impact on the organization and the effective functioning of the public sector as a whole, and especially to the efficient business activities of public enterprises. The author has shown some of the corruption problems that imply inefficient business activities of public enterprises analyzing the fundamental principles of corporate governance through transparency in the work, the functioning of management structures, conflicts of interest and internal controls and audits in the framework of the social integrity system of Bosnia and Herzegovina's path called horizontal control which determines the democratic functioning of institutions in the public and private sectors. The research is ultimately aimed to show the complexity of the organization and functioning of public enterprises within the framework of widespread corruption. That implies it is necessary to pay special attention to this issue in the future through improved legislation regarding corporate governance standards as well as through strategic planning in order to improve business efficiency in terms of satisfying the public interest.

The Albanian Problem / The Relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary

Le Problème albanais / La Serbie et l’Autriche-Hongrie

Author(s): Stojan Protić / Language(s): French

Keywords: Serbian-ALbanian relationship; Serbia-Habsburg Empire Relations;

French edition published in 1913 under the pseudonym „Balkanicus“ by Augustin Challamel Editeur, Paris The booklet offers two essays of Stojan Protić who, after WW I, became the first Prime-Minister of Yugoslavia.

WINE, DOG FOOD AND BOSNIAN CLICHÉS. False ideas and why they matter

VINO, PSEĆA HRANA I KLIŠEJI O BIH. Pogrešne ideje i zašto su važne

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: defunct constitutional order; Bosnian democracy;

In 2008 the former High Representative Paddy Ashdown warned that “there is a real threat of Bosnia breaking up again … even a brief spell of wrong-headedness can quickly become the prelude to enduring tragedy.” In 2011 Ashdown warned the EU that unless it acted decisively, “bloodshed will return to Bosnia.” In 2013 two US-based analysts warned that Bosnia remained “at war” and that “the dynamics of war-era polarization still rage, captive to venal leadership and a defunct constitutional order.” In May 2015 an article in Foreign Policy argued that Bosnia faces “deeper and nearly irreparable injury.” In November 2015 Ashdown warned about “things going to become worse”, with the “potential for a dangerous and even tragical situation. || Clichés are terrible guides to action. They distort how other countries deal with Bosnia. They led the EU to conclude for many years, against actual experience, that Bosnian leaders were incapable of coordinating their responses to EU conditionality. Clichés divert limited attention from real problems and how to form reform coalitions to address them. It is time to take a closer look.

Application of the International Law in Constitutional Complaint Procedure before the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia

Primena međunarodnog prava u postupcima po ustavnoj žalbi Ustavnog suda Republike Srbije

Author(s): Tijana Šurlan / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Serbia; Constitution; Constitutional Court; international law; human rights;

The position of the International Law in the national legal system is defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (Article 16). International law forms the integral part of the national legal system and it is directly applicable. In addition to the general definition of the position of the International Law, the significance and place of international legal acts in the field of human rights protection is additionally defined. The determination of human rights is grounded on the provisions of the Constitution, International Law and law to a certain extent (Article 18). The interpretation of human rights needs to be further aligned with the standards and practices of international institutions that monitor the implementation of human rights. The normative framework for the application of the International Law in proceedings before the Constitutional Court has therefore been created and it is the Court prerogative to implement it. The paper cites the Constitutional Courts jurisprudence in two categories of cases: cases whose normative framework inevitably had to introduce international legal acts and cases where it was not necessary but it was appropriate. For the purpose of comparing and presenting methods of application of the International Law in the European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence has been used. Cases that were considered treated the same rights, as the cases of the Constitutional Court which were analysed as illustration - the human right of asylum, prohibition of torture and the rights of the child. The overall conclusion is that the Constitutional Court rarely applies international law in its constitutional complaint procedure. The provisions of the Constitution do not create obligation to apply international law, but create international law as an integral part of the legal system, with the instruction to implement standards and case-law of international institutions protecting the human rights. International Law, rich in legal acts protecting human rights, as well as the experience of the international institution, form great amount of helpful tools for further development of the protection of human rights and thus it should be used in the procedures before the Constitutional Court.

Words and Death: A Nationalist Construction of Reality

Reči i smrt: nacionalistička konstrukcija stvarnosti

Author(s): Nenad Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian

Keywords: Yugoslavia; 20th century; nationalism; communism; war; hate speech;

Vreme komunizma i vreme post-komunizma na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije podeljeni su ratom. U ovom tekstu pokušaću da analiziram osnovni uzrok tragičnog nasilja na Balkanu. Obrazlagaću tezu da je govor mržnje bio principijelni pokretač rata i najvažniji instrument masovnog ubijanja i razaranja. Čitalac će verovatno biti sklon da tvrdnje tipa “teror počinje u glavama”, “reči ubijaju”, itd., shvati kao jake metafore, ili u najboljem slučaju kao impresionističke kovanice koje upućuju na ujedinjujuću i mobilizatorsku ulogu ideologije u procesima koji su prethodili ratu – visok stepen ideološke unifikacije je uvek neophodan da bi se odluka o ulasku u rat prikazala kao opravdana, te da bi se “naš” identitet suprotstavio predstavi o “drugima” na osi prijatelj-neprijatelj. Ali teza koju sam izneo upućuje u drugom smeru. Nije reč jednostavno o tome da je jugoslovenskim ratovima prethodila zloupotreba reči u obliku kreiranja ekstremističkih ideologija, koje bi bile potom korišćene da isprovociraju i opravdaju destrukciju. Želim da pokažem da je samo određena vrsta ideja bila u stanju da razori Jugoslaviju, odnosno da ideologiju mržnje u jugoslovenskom slučaju ne treba čitati kao opravdanje prakse rata, već pre kao tvorenje ove prakse – nadam se da će čitaocu, kad dođe do kraja ovog poglavlja, ovakva tvrdnja izgledati manje maglovita nego što je sada. Drugo, centralnu ulogu u procesu “ubijanja i razaranja rečima” nisu odigrali iz – tradicije Moderne odredivi – “ideološki aparati države” već “nezavisni intelektualci”.

Unused Potential: The Role and Importance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Neiskorišteni potencijal: uloga i značaj nevladinih organizacija u zaštiti od diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Boris Topić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; discrimination; protection; NGO; civil society; role; importance;

Usvajanjem Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije (u daljnjem tekstu: ZZD) u julu 2009. godine dopunjen je postojeći antidiskriminacioni okvir u Bosni i Herce govini. Time se i Bosna i Hercegovina priključila širokom krugu država koje eliminaciju diskriminacije nastoje da obezbijede kroz usvajanje sveobuhvatnog antidiskriminacionog zakonodavstva kojim se omogućava sudska zaštita od diskriminacije počinjene kako od države i njenih organa tako i od privatnih lica. Ovaj značajni zakon, pored ostalog, prepoznaje važnu ulogu koju nevladine organizacije mogu da odigraju na polju borbe protiv diskriminacije priznajući im, između ostalog, i određene procesne uloge u sudskom postupku za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Na međunarodnom i komparativnom planu, kao jedna od najznačajnijih aktivnosti nevladinih organizacija na polju borbe protiv diskriminacije ističe se njihova uloga u postupcima za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Razlog davanja mogućnosti organizacijama civilnog društva da učestvuju u postupcima za zaštitu od diskriminacije, u suštini, leži u činjenici da suzbijanje diskriminacije predstavlja djelatnost od javnog interesa, te da svaki dobro uređen sistem za zaštitu od diskriminacije treba da sadrži različite modalitete učešća nevladinih organizacija u postupcima za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Stoga djelovanje NVO-a u postupcima za zaštitu od diskriminacije možemo označiti kao specifičan vid parničenja u javnom interesu. Poseban značaj NVO-ima u ovom domenu, barem u zemljama Evropske unije, dale su direktive u oblasti diskriminacije, koje od država zahtijevaju da u svojim pravnim sistemima, u cilju obezbjeđivanja što efikasnije zaštite od diskriminacije, omoguće nevladinim organizacijama da djeluju u ime žrtava diskriminacije ili kao podrška ovim osobama u postupcima povodom zaštite od diskriminacije. Ove procesne uloge nevladinih organizacija su različito regulisane u različitim pravnim sistemima. Ipak, kao moguće oblike djelovanja nevladinih organizacija u ime žrtve generalno možemo da izdvojimo podnošenje tužbe u ime i za račun žrtve – dakle, pravno zastupanje, mogućnost pojavljivanja nevladine organizacije kao sutužioca uz žrtvu ili, pak, kao samostalnog nosioca tužbe uz pristanak žrtve. Pored navedenog, kao specifičan način djelovanja za račun žrtava diskriminacije izdvajaju se aktivnosti nevladinih organizacija u pravcu podnošenja kolektivne ili grupne tužbe. Veoma važan oblik podrške žrtvama diskriminacije u postupcima povodom diskriminacije svakako je i učešće organizacija civilnog društva kao umješača u postupku na strani žrtve ili, pak, kao prijatelja suda (amici curiae). Na kraju, jedan od ključnih doprinosa nevladinih organizacija u oblasti borbe protiv diskriminacije nesumnjivo je i njihova uloga u takozvanim strateškim parnicama pokrenutim radi obezbjeđenja podrške implementaciji antidiskriminacionih zakona ili rasvjetljavanju različitih koncepata sadržanih u antidiskriminacionom pravu. Imajući u vidu navedeno, ovaj izvještaj nastoji da analizira postojeća zakonska rješenja u svjetlu komparativnih iskustava te da ukaže na prepreke koje stoje na putu aktivnijem angažmanu nevladinih organizacija u sudskim postupcima za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Pored toga, izvještaj nastoji da ponudi određena rješenja koja bi dodatno motivisala nevladine organizacije da aktivno koriste procesne uloge koje su im dodijeljene ZZD-om, a u najboljem interesu žrtava diskriminacije. Izvještaj je prevashodno zasnovan na sekundarnom, komparativnom istraživanju fokusiranom na ulogu, aktivnosti i najbolju praksu organizacija civilnog društva u sudskom postupku zaštite od diskriminacije. Pored toga, analizirana su relevantna zakonska rješenja koja se tiču procesne uloge nevladinih organizacija u sudskom postupku zaštite od diskriminacije, kao i prve presude u predmetima diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Analiza usvojenih zakonskih rješenja u Bosni i Hercegovini je izvršena u svjetlu komparativnih iskustava, prije svega iskustava zemalja u okruženju, s obzirom na to da upravo one sa Bosnom i Hercegovinom dijele sličnu pravnu tradiciju i slične probleme, ali i zemalja Evropske unije kojima se Bosna i Hercegovina nastoji pridružiti. Analiza je obuhvatila i druge slučajeve kada je to bilo potrebno radi odgovora na konkretna pitanja. Na kraju, konsultovani su i dostupni izvori o aktuelnom stanju u nevladinom sektoru u Bosni i Hercegovini, sa posebnim fokusom na organizacije koje se bave zaštitom ljudskih prava. U svom prvom dijelu, ovaj izvještaj analizira rješenja predviđena Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije Bosne i Hercegovine u pogledu procesne uloge nevladinih organizacija u postupku antidiskriminacione zaštite. Drugi dio se fokusira na prepreke koje organizacijama civilnog društva onemogućavaju da se aktivnije uključe u sudske postupke za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Kroz pregled komparativnih iskustava, nastoji se ukazati na najvažnije uslove i kriterije za efikasno korišćenje opcije učešća nevladinih organizacija u postupku antidiskriminacione zaštite u Bosni i Hercegovini. Konačno, u zaključnim razmatranjima sumiraju se zapažanja ove analize te formulišu određene preporuke u pogledu zakonodavnih i praktičnih rješenja u ovoj oblasti u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Newsletter 08-09/2021

Newsletter 08-09/2021

Author(s): Vesna Pusić,Boris Pavelić,Srđan Šušnica,Mustafa Akyol,Vlado Azinović,Afiya Shehrbano Zia,Jennifer Heath,Ashraf Zahedi / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian

Keywords: Western Balkans; BiH; unblocking; Croatian president; foreign policy; Kosovo; Serbia; military escalation; muslims; Afganistan; women; rights;

U ovom broju Newslettera Atlantske inicijative donosimo niz aktualnih analiza i mišljenja o političkoj situaciji na Zapadnom Balkanu, s posebnim fokusom na posljednju krizu u Bosni i Hercegovini uzrokovanu sistemskom blokadom njenih državnih insititucija, ali se osvrćemo i na globalnu krizu nastalu u Afganistanu nakon povlačenja Sjedinjenih Američkih Država. Umjesto uvodnika objavljujemo tekst Vesne Pusić koja piše o deblokadi euroatlantskih procesa kao putu ka transformaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i ostalih zemalja Zapadnog Balkana, te kako EU mora pronaći novi modus vivendi s Rusijom i na taj način oduzeti vjetar iz jedara lokalnih disruptora koji su se u tom političkom međuprostoru pokazali efikasnom preprekom europskoj transformaciji ovog regiona. Također, u kontekstu posljednje krize, poznati hrvatski novinar Boris Pavelić piše o odnosima Sarajeva i Zagreba. Pavelić se posebno osvrće na politiku predsjednika Hrvatske Zorana Milanovića koja u posljednje vrijeme sve više parira politici predsjednika Srbije Aleksandra Vučića, a koje zajedno osnažuju destruktivne nacionalizme u Bosni i Hercegovini. Posljednje tenzije na Zapadnom Balkanu analizira Srđan Šušnica, kutlurolog i publicista, te dobar poznavatelj ruske politike i njenog malignog utjecaja u regionu, posebno na Srbiju. Prema ovom autoru stabilnost i mir u regionu Balkana ovisiće o odlučnosti Evropske unije i Sjedinjenih Država da vojno, ekonomskim i političkim sankcijama spriječe remetilačke politike u Srbiji, bh. entitetu RS kao i u Crnoj Gori i na Sjeveru Kosova. Za ovaj broj Newslettera interjvu je dao ugledni turski pisac i novinar Mustafa Akyol koji piše o religiji i politici u muslimanskom svijetu. S Akyolom je povodom izlaska njegove knjige Ponovno otvaranje muslimanskih umova, koja uskoro izlazi i u bosanskom izdanju, razgovarala Amila Buturović. Njegova knjiga je izazvala globalnu pažnju i veliko zanimanje, posebno zbog poziva na reformu i prosvjetiteljstvo unutar islama kao put ka rješavanju nagomilanih problema muslimanskih društava. Vlado Azinović u ovom broju piše o nedavnom izlasku iz zatvora Huseina Bilala Bosnića kojeg je Sud Bosne i Hercegovine osudio na sedmogodišnju kaznu zatvora zbog podsticanja i vrbovanja na terorističke aktivnosti i organiziranja terorističke skupine. Budući da je u sudskom procesu Bosniću bio vještak Tužiteljstva BiH, Azinović se osvrće na sami proces i optužbe zbog kojih je Bosnić osuđen, ali donosi i analizu njegovih aktivnosti, ideologije i mogućih budućih angažmana. U ovo broju također donosimo dva aktualna teksta o novonastaloj situaciji u Afganistanu nakon povratka talibana na vlast. Afiya Shehrbano Zia piše o otporu i borbi afganistanskih žena protiv ugnjetavanja u kontekstu globalnih feminističkih rasprava i kritike prema intervencijama zapadnih sila u Afganistanu, ali i angažmana nezapadnih feministkinja u pružanju pomoći ženama ove zemlje. Također, Jenifer Heath i Ashraf Zahedi, pišu zajednički tekst o stanju i perspektivama žena u Afganistanu, o njihovom djelovanju, obrazovanju i pravima u kontekstu nove realnosti povratka talibana na vlast nakon dvadesetogodišnje američke okupacije ove zemlje i nedavnog povlačenja.

Monitoring report on the implementation of the Roadmap regarding the Agenda of Priority Reforms (March-June 2016)

Raport de monitorizare a implementării Foii de parcurs privind agenda de reforme prioritare (martie-iunie 2016)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Reform Priorities in Moldova;

At the time of writing this Report (June), the completion deadlines for 57 actions out of the 69 provided by the Roadmap have expired. Respectively, out of the total of 69 actions, 24 (35%) were carried out without deficiencies; 16 (23%) of the actions were performed with deficiencies; 19 (27%) of the total number of actions are in positive progress and, respectively, 4 (6%) are in negative progress, with serious deficiencies that may prevent the successful completion of the action. The realization of 6 (9%) actions was not initiated. // At the same time, we would like to emphasize the fact that the quantitative results regarding the number or percentage of actions carried out in the Roadmap should be considered as a secondary indicator in relation to the quality of the actions carried out. Some of the actions included in the Roadmap are duplicated1, while others are of a technical and simplistic nature2 and should not have been found in such a document. At the same time, their implementation increases the number or the rate of actions carried out without actually constituting actions that create conditions for the implementation of the necessary reforms or demonstrate the will to reform.

T. G. MASARYK 1850-1930

T. G. MASARYK 1850-1930

Author(s): Lev Sychrava / Language(s): French

Keywords: Seton Watson; Czech independance; Habsbourg; Bolshevism; Yoougoslavia; Wilson;

The German writer Emil Ludwig, biographer of Napoleon and Lincoln, talking in Geneva in 1927 with the English playwright Bernard Shaw about the possibility of realizing the United States of Europe, launched, during the conversation, the question of who could be the president. Shaw is told to have answered without hesitation: "I only know one, it's Masaryk". Another English writer, H.-G. Wells, called Masaryk the greatest man in Europe, placed at the most central point of the European United States.