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Employment of Foreigners in Poland from the Point of View of Entrepreneurs - Opole Voivodeship Study

Employment of Foreigners in Poland from the Point of View of Entrepreneurs - Opole Voivodeship Study

Author(s): Sabina Kubiciel-Lodzińska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: labour market; labour demand; entrepreneurship; immigration; foreigner; Poland

Purpose: The subject of the studies presented in the article was an assessment of the demand for employment of foreigners in companies based in Opole Voivodship. They aim was to establish the reasons which have made, or could make, them employ foreign workforce; to obtain information on the benefits and difficulties connected with using foreign workforce. They are focused on getting a regional preferences map of employers when it comes to employment of foreigners.Design/methodology/approach: The study involved managers, i.e. owners, directors, managers or people responsible for personnel policy in enterprise. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. In the research was used a structured questionnaire interview. The study included 263 employers and were carried out in late 2014 and in early 2015.Findings: It was established that the lack of native workers is the main reason why foreign workforce is more and more widely used. The most valuable advantage obtained thanks to employing a foreigner is acquisition of a worker who holds skills that are in demand. Most difficulties by hiring foreigner have the entrepreneurs with complicated law regulations. Research/practical implications: The research showed the need for developing services connected with job placement of foreign workforce. This can be acknowledged to be a chance for the appearance of a demand for specialist services rendered to immigrants, such as translation of documents, accommodation agency, tax agency. Wage earning immigration can thus become a significant factor stimulating development of entrepreneurship.Originality/value: The studies proved that there exist differences in determiners, barriers and advantages which come from employment of foreigners depending on the size of the company. This is a significant methodological establishment in the context of realization of studies of migration in enterprises, which points to the necessity of introducing a division of the examined firms according to the number of the employed workers.

The Impact of Innovations on Enterprise Productivity in Russia

The Impact of Innovations on Enterprise Productivity in Russia

Author(s): Oleg Mariev,Natalia Borisovna Davidson,Karina Nagieva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Innovations; productivity; R&D; firms; economic policy

Purpose: Innovations are a source of long term economic growth for the countries. Innovationsdefine competitiveness of business, and in a broader sense, they can solve a great number ofsocial and economic problems. Therefore the issue of innovations and their role in the economyis highly important. The aim of our work is to estimate the impact of innovations on productivityof enterprises in Russia and to reveal the determinants of innovative activity. Design/methodology/approach: Our research is based on Business Environment andEnterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) for the years 2012-2014 and covering 1564 Russianenterprises. CDM model applied in our research involves three steps of estimation and allowsto take into consideration various groups of factors affecting investment into R&D, and thenimplementation of innovations. Findings: The results of econometric analysis show positive significant returns innovations forproductivity of all firms. Positive impact of obstacles associated with investment into R&Dprobably arise because firms involved in innovative activities face greater difficulties due tospecific features of institutional environment. Besides, practically all ways of collaborationfacilitate increase in innovative sales relatively more than firms’ own ideas. Research/practical implications: Our research contributes to understanding firms’ innovativeactivities. The role of various groups of factors on the firm and regional level is studied. Resultsprovide useful information both for improvement of management activities at the firm level andfor designing economic policy measures for innovative environment in the regions and in thecountry overall. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, CDM model allowing to deal withendogeneity of innovations has not been applied to study innovations and their results for theRussian enterprises of different technological groups yet.

Organizational Culture – A Factor of Innovativess in Homestay Accommodation Services: The Case of a Croatian Island

Organizational Culture – A Factor of Innovativess in Homestay Accommodation Services: The Case of a Croatian Island

Author(s): Nadia Pavia,Marta Cerović / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Homestay accommodation; organizational culture; innovative offer; hospitality; destination

Purpose: Homestay accommodation is an important form of tourism accommodation offer andtourist trends indicate that the demand for it is constantly growing. In comparison to the otherforms of accommodation, it is less formal, treating the guests in specific manner. The purposeof this study is to research the impact of organizational culture of homestay accommodationproviders, in combination with destination offer as supporting system, on the creation ofinnovative homestay accommodation services. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted using the questionnaires sent tothe homestay accommodation providers in island of Krk in Croatia in 2018, May. Insight gainedfrom the study should help familly business owners to enhance the competitiveness andimprove innovation of the homestay accommodation. 98 valid questionnairs were collected andused for empirical analysis. Findings: The research results indicate that all families possess their own, inherentorganizational culture. Observing the family as a business system, it comes to the understandingthat the organizational culture in homestay accommodation is matched with family culture andsupported by appropriate set of destination offer which plays important role in innovating ofhomestay accommodation services. Research/practical implications: The study has confirmed that family culture is a foundationof the organizational culture of homestay accommodation and is interconnected withdestination offer. Originality/value: The value of the paper is seen in findings indicating that innovative serviceof homestay accommodation stems from the organizational culture of the owner and hisengagement in offering destination services to the guest and making connections with serviceproviders in order to create quality tourism product. The paper is enriching the scarce literaturein the field of homestay accommodation services.

INTERSECTIONS OF GENDER, CLASS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN IN CONTEMPORARY CHINESE POETRY: ZHENG XIAOQIONG AND HER WRITING FROM BELOW

INTERSECTIONS OF GENDER, CLASS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN IN CONTEMPORARY CHINESE POETRY: ZHENG XIAOQIONG AND HER WRITING FROM BELOW

Author(s): Justyna Jaguścik / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: women’s studies; feminism; female; European; Asian; African

The book shows the the picture of feminity in European and world culture, which emerges from the texts concerning the beginnings of women’s movement as well as in the recent publications, describing existential experience of women in local and global dimension. The publication explores the problems of distant cultures and close nations of our continent, especially Central Europe. The provided perspectives show a visible symmetry of fates of women living in Western, Middle East, African and Asian cultures.

Och, awa’ wi’ you. British Workin’ Class Pronunciation Spelled ‘n’ Translated into Polish

Och, awa’ wi’ you. British Workin’ Class Pronunciation Spelled ‘n’ Translated into Polish

Author(s): Jerzy Skwarzyński / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: literary translation; cultural differences; class division; over-standard stylization;functional equivalence;

Abst ract : The Queen and I, a 1992 novel by Sue Townsend, is a significant piece in terms of the discussion about the class inequality in the UK as it describes the confrontation between the realm of the wealthiest group in the country, that is, the Royalty, and the everyday, grey reality of a council estate where the working class normally lives. It may be argued that this satirical work portrays the majority of the most important class differences and that it exhausts every possibility of showing these disparities in a funny but respectful manner. For this reason, The Queen and I poses a considerable challenge for translators. It is necessary for a translator to convey all of the culture-related plotlines and puns so that the translated text, apart from conveying the same information and being as amusing as the original, evokes the same reaction from the translation reader as the original does from the British reader. This arduous task becomes almost impossible to complete when it comes to the subject of scenes based on social peculiarities that do not appear in the target language culture. In this paper, I would like to focus on translation problems which emerge from expressing in the book, by means of spelling, specific pronunciation by representatives of the British working class, such as ‘Oo left the bleedin’ door open?’ This feature of working class language has been stressed for a number of reasons: to draw readers’ attention to social differences between characters, to manifest their ethnical affiliation and to create them (Hejwowski 2010). All these aims lead to the main goal which is to depict social class differences (in this case: those of linguistic nature) in perceiving and understanding the world in a humorous way. The Polish ‘class division’ is more ambiguous. Although there are cultural features that mark the difference between sophisticated, well-educated people and those literal-minded, less educated and not well-adjusted, firm pronunciation differences do not exist in Poland except for the differences stemming from belonging to various ethnic groups (e.g., in Kashubia or Silesia), in which case the difference is not educational but merely geographical. Attempts to convey the aforementioned peculiarity by using varieties of pronunciation would seem artificial. In the only translation of the book into Polish, done by Hanna Pawlikowska- Gannon, this problem has been solved in various ways. The aim of this article is thus to compare her solutions with the original, evaluate them, examine applied translation techniques, and contribute to the general debate on fidelity and content lost in translation.

EMPRESS AND AFRICAN: TWO FEMALE IMAGES ON TERRACOTTA OIL LAMPS FROM THE RED SEA PORT OF BERENIKE

EMPRESS AND AFRICAN: TWO FEMALE IMAGES ON TERRACOTTA OIL LAMPS FROM THE RED SEA PORT OF BERENIKE

Author(s): Iwona Zych / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: oil lamp; Berenike; Red Sea trade; Byzantine empress; African; venationes; Tunisian workshops; ARS; imitation

Two early sixth-century terracotta oil lamps from Berenike are an indirect witness to the sources of trade (and the people involved in the commerce) that passed through the Red Sea port. Oil lamps made of clay were rarely a commodity for sale, yet they traveled inconspicuously, part of the personal luggage or a luxury item, more a souvenir or a gift than a traded item. In a harbor like Berenike, a melting pot of different cultures and tastes, their presence reflects the major and minor players on the local commercial scene. These two special pieces, one absolutely unique in terms of the iconography of its decoration, showcase the individual preferences of their otherwise anonymous owner: on one hand, a belief in the protective power of the image of a Byzantine empress in fifth and sixth century Mediterranean society and, on the other, a taste for the exotic, a portrait head of an African woman (?), expressed in craft work.

The role of normalized management systems in managing an organization

The role of normalized management systems in managing an organization

Author(s): Jerzy Łańcucki / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: normalized management systems;sustainable developement;standardization;

The author presents basic elements of sustainable development and relations between the standardization, normalized management systems and management.

Applying Value Chain Analysis through the Lens of Sustainability to Enterprises in the Beekeeping Sector

Applying Value Chain Analysis through the Lens of Sustainability to Enterprises in the Beekeeping Sector

Author(s): Nancy Diana Panta / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Business Sustainability; Value Chain Analysis; Beekeeping Sector;

Undoubtedly, organizations operate nowadays in a world characterized by complexity and uncertainty. Under these circumstances, an organization must ponder upon everything that is relevant to its strategic objectives, be it operational capabilities, key drivers exerting positive, respectively negative consequences, or other factors. Therefore, it must assess both its external and internal environment. Analysing and managing trends that might affect organizations’ performance will enable managers to make decisions and develop appropriate strategies. For the present paper, the internal environment of companies will serve as the general centre of interest of the conducted analysis, paying particular attention to Porter’s Value Chain Analysis. Nevertheless, in a business context in which sustainability is becoming increasingly important, more and more executives consider sustainability strategies necessary for maintaining their companies competitive, a fact which stands for beekeeping enterprises as well. Given the valuable contribution of the beekeeping sector to the ecosystem through pollination services, we may already consider beekeeping enterprises sustainable by default to a certain extent. However, there are still a number of shortcomings remaining that need clarification. The managerial challenges posed by what integrating sustainability in business means have led to an increasing attention given to its understanding and not only. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to bridge sustainability and beekeeping enterprises though the value chain analysis and provide an assessment from a strategic point of view. The results provide implications for the strategists, bringing them one step closer to formulating a strategy tailored to their firms that enhances the likelihood of gaining competitive advantage.

Designer competence is a component of the basic competency of future teachers of technologies

Designer competence is a component of the basic competency of future teachers of technologies

Author(s): Yevgen Kulyk / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: education; competence; design; methodology of studying

The existing educational system of Eastern European countries in the 20th century functioned in the paradigm of the socialistic existence of a person, which formed an appropriate culture in all branches of the economy. Eastern European countries’ entry into the global market system highlighted the educational problems that needed to be solved in the first place in order to adapt their society to the global community. The analysis conducted in this article made it possible to establish that the existence of a considerable number of concepts such as “competence,” “competent,” unfortunately, does not provide science with the sufficient methodological basis necessary for experimental identification and description of their substantive differentiation, determination of their role in the substantiation of the methodology of competent personality formation. It is suggested that the level of mastering concepts can be used as the level of formation of the phenomenon under study. It is shown that revealing the content of the concept of “design competence” will allow us to expand the boundaries of the system of scientific knowledge and to establish mechanisms for the formation of a certain phenomenon in the professional training of future teachers of technology. In this case, “design competency” can reflect both the low, generalized goal of education (presence of knowledge, skills, personal qualities) during the reproduction of an activity based on a pattern, and the high goal (generalized goal of education) – an active component of education, as part of which knowledge, skills, and personal qualities are used in non-standard situations that require the use of elements of creativity, that is, a higher level of generalization. It is clear that such self-management can be realized only if the student has the appropriate regulatory basis formed for his activity, namely: the conceptual basis (knowledge of design problems), the emotional and value basis (relation to the environment and society), and the operating basis (ability to interact with environmental objects).

The PLAQUES with PORTRAITS of FAMOUS PEOPLE by KAZIMIERZ CHODZIŃSKI (1861–1921) on the BACKGROUND of the COLLECTION from the COINS CABINET of the NATIONAL

The plaques with portraits of famous people by Kazimierz Chodziński (1861–1921) on the background of the collection from the Coins Cabinet of the National Museum in Warsaw

Author(s): Anna Feliks / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Kazimierz Chodziński (1861–1921), the polish sculptor and medallist, theauthor of an over 100 plaques with portraits of Polish citizens living in thebordering regions of his homeland in Lvov, who were fighting for the independenceof Poland or co-created the first governments and later formed thecultural basis of the country. Portraits changed a little in the following years ofhis short medalist carrier, between 1913 and 1920. As I have observed, he startedwith a private image, which was defined emotionally and, in comparisonto the others, it was tender and soft. Subsequently, there were the portraits ofmilitaries and priesthoods, which became an official form. The images in variousshapes are mostly presented as the portraits of Lvovians aristocracy andintellectuals. It is probable that Chodziński knew them personally, becausethey worked and lived in surrounding areas. His images resemble the oldestclassic school. Additionally, they are realistic in their expression and, in a certainway, they exaggerate or simplify the face presented. However, some faceswere more expressive, while others not. It is possible that the artist, as with theshapes of the plaques, had experimented with the final effects and the artificialcharacter of the surface.

GREEN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN BULGARIA - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

ЗЕЛЕНИТЕ ОБЩЕСТВЕНИ ПОРЪЧКИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ – ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВА

Author(s): Teodorina Turlakova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: green procurement market; environmentally friendly criteria; green supplies; product groups; central purchasing authority

The article justifies the perception of green public procurement as a set of policies, actions and relationships with environmental contexts that emerge and shape the market for green products and services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of the green public procurement market in Bulgaria, to clarify the difficulties that contracting authorities (or assignors) most often encounter in the use of environmentally friendly criteria in public procurement, as well as to identify the main risks and challenges to the development of this market in the country. It is concluded that the Bulgarian market is at an early stage of development, has a dualistic character in terms of product affiliation and its main participants are the municipalities.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND GOOD PRACTICES

POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES AND GOOD PRACTICES

Author(s): Katina Kostadinova Popova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: poverty; tourism; sustainability; development

In the first two decades of the 21st century, socially and economically disadvantaged people form a significant part of the global society. World organizations face the problem of providing minimal economic benefits to the population with limited options. The literature discusses whether tourism can be a tool to overcome poverty problems and how effective it can be in the context of globalization and socio-economic inequality. The aim of the current study is to identify the role of tourism sector in improving the well-being of marginalized communities, considering three traditional scenarios: pessimistic, realistic and optimistic. The results showed that international tourism creates numerous opportunities for socially disadvantaged people, as the positive effects depend on the willingness of these stratums to take part in the process of social and labor integration.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE CRISIS AND FINANCING OPPORTUNITIES

УСТОЙЧИВО РАЗВИТИЕ НА СЕЛСКОТО СТОПАНСТВО ПО ВРЕМЕ НА КРИЗА И ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИТЕ ЗА ФИНАНСИРАНЕ

Author(s): Milen Vlaev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: agricultural land; investment loan; financing; lease; return on capital; sustainability; balance sheet structure; interest rate

All economic and social subjects were are more or less affected during the economic crises. These processes affect both large and small businesses, and their impact is different with respect to the sectors in which the economic operators operate. In this regard, the report seeks to analyze the behavior of agricultural companies in times of economic crisis. To present how access to capital affects the various processes in the sector, and what are the possible obstacles that companies in the agricultural sector face. Analyzing the structure of the business and the readiness of companies to present possible solutions to reduce their impact of crises on the Agribusiness sector. n the appendix we will use only one sub-sector, namely it is best seen during the crisis, which is Vegetable Production and Fruit Growing.

Crowd Employment - as an Innovative Form of Employment

Crowd Employment - as an Innovative Form of Employment

Author(s): Mihaela-Emilia Marica / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: crowd employment; new forms of work; crowd workers; employment forms; self-employment;

The current legal framework regarding individual employment relations is generally based on the proliferation of non-standard forms of employment, which meet the need for flexibility in the labor market. The economic and financial crisis has resulted in a significant increase in number of workers looking for alternative forms of employment. Similarly, as companies face an unpredictable business environment, they began to rely more on innovative forms of employment. Actually, by using more flexible workforce the companies have better adjusted to the demands of today`s marketplaces. Although there are many new employment forms which are emerging across EU, the concept of crowd employment has an important potential for development in the context of opportunities offered by the new technologies. In Romania, it is still relatively little known, whereas in the companies operating on the European market it is a common solution to the problems generated by the need for flexibility. The present paper emphasizes the particular features of the crowd employment as an innovative form of employment with an explosive growth in the current context. Based on a comparative law analysis conducted in order to reveal various perspectives of the European Union’s Member States, this paper highlights the degree of utility-precariousness of crowd employment, in the event of its implementation into Romanian labour practice.

Spaces that Haunt: Elizabeth Gaskell’s “The Old Nurse’s Story”

Spaces that Haunt: Elizabeth Gaskell’s “The Old Nurse’s Story”

Author(s): Anna Kędra-Kardela / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Elizabeth Gaskell; “The Old Nurse’s Story”; haunted house; Gothic space; Victorian Gothic

The author applies Manuel Aguirre’s theory of two zones in horror literature separated by thresholds – “the human world” and the “Otherworld” – to the haunted house in one of Elizabeth Gaskell’s rare excursions into the supernatural, “The Old Nurse’s Story.” There is analysis of the concern voiced about the fate of female victims of men and of the undermining of the idea of home as a safe place by its presentation as anti-home.

The Idea of “Europe” and Socio-Economic Changes in the Western Balkans in the Age of Enlightenment

The Idea of “Europe” and Socio-Economic Changes in the Western Balkans in the Age of Enlightenment

Author(s): Slobodan Pavlović / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Balkans; Serbia; The Habsburg Monarchy; Europeanization; 18th Century

In recent years, the European Union and its Member States have been struggling with many crises. Economic stagnation and gradual decay of the welfare state have triggered many socio-political issues, the most prominent being the rise of radical political movements. The current state of the EU is raising many concerns. Yet, the idea of “Europe” is not a brainchild of the 20th century; it is the product of historical process that spans over 2 millennia. In that regard, Early Modern Age (15th-18th centuries) should be considered crucial to the process, as this was the time when the instruments of the European policy were established. The subject of this research is the 18th century Europeanisation of the Western Balkans, namely the territory of the modern day Serbia proper. This era saw great improvements, especially following the expansion of Habsburg Empire in 1718 to the territories south of Sava and Danube. Effort was made to establish the contemporary European institutions which could efficiently exploit natural resources, create modern taxation system and implement European mercantilistic policies. Based on the sources of different provenance, the focus of this research will be on the Austrian governance of this region, which had an enormous impact on Serbian society as well.

Brexit Metaphors: Understanding Britain’s Relationship with Europe Through Mental Shortcuts

Brexit Metaphors: Understanding Britain’s Relationship with Europe Through Mental Shortcuts

Author(s): Georgi Iliev / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Brexit; Metaphors; EU; Referendum

Between 2017 and 2019, the author has created over 400 original metaphors to describe various aspects of the UK-EU relationship and the Brexit process. These topics are explored in 161 published blog articles on www.BrexitMetaphors. blogspot.com, which cover several broad themes: economic, political, historical, geographical and socio-cultural. In the present paper, the meaning of the metaphors is elaborated in brackets where it is not obvious. Metaphors are exceptionally useful both to illustrate to an audience (explain and help to understand) and to influence an audience (consciously and unconsciously). “The metaphor is perhaps one of man's most fruitful potentialities. Its efficacy verges on magic…”, said Ortega y Gasset. It is a thinking tool, along the lines of the definition of philosopher Daniel Dennett: “You cannot do much carpentry with your bare hands and you cannot do much thinking with your bare brain.” Thus, the metaphor is a useful mental model, a mental shortcut. At the same time, the burden of proof in designing a metaphor is low as any claims for similarities are alluded to, rather than stated outright, and the degree of parallelism may vary significantly. Therefore, it is often applied as a powerful tool of manipulation, e.g. in the articles of British Brexiteer politician Boris Johnson in The Sunday Times.

The European Union’s Common Commercial Policy and the Covid-19 pandemic: Reactions and challenges

The European Union’s Common Commercial Policy and the Covid-19 pandemic: Reactions and challenges

Author(s): Grzegorz Mazur / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: EU – European Union;Common Commercial Policy;trade policy;Covid-19;pandemic;

Purpose: The general aim of the chapter is to investigate trade measures implemented in the EU in the aftermath of the Covid-19 outbreak and define general potential effects of the current economic turbulences on the future shape of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP). Design/methodology/approach: The chapter is based on literature/EU official documents studies and statistical analysis of the EU’s merchandise trade. It has been structured into three parts. The first one presents recent trends in the EU’s external merchandise trade caused by the pandemic’s economic repercussions. This is followed by ashort analysis of temporary trade restrictions implemented by many EU Members States and the EU in response to supply shocks. The third part refers to the potential impact of current trade and economic processes on the post-pandemic trade strategy of the EU. Findings: Although the future shape of global trade system and the pandemic’s impact on the nature of the CCP are subjects of high uncertainty, the conducted analysis offers some general conclusions. The implemented trade restrictions should be limited and made temporary as future trade openness is essential for economic recovery. There is also ageneral consensus that the EU’s CCP should ensure the necessary resilience to future trade distortions. However, this should not be connected with protectionism and narrowly understood self-sufficiency. Among important factors that reinforce the resilience, we should mention the solutions delivered by new technologies (e.g. automation, AI, three-dimensional printing), fair competition, higher transparency of trade policies, international standards, certification schemes, and stronger multilateral cooperation, including World Trade Organization’s reforms. The renewed trade strategy will also be accompanied with global trade and economic tendencies such as the reshoring and regionalization of trade. Originality and value: The chapter is addressed to students, scholars, and policymakers by contributing to the current debate on the post-pandemic shape of global trade relations and the future nature of the EU’s Common Commercial Policy.

Arnold Bennett’s Romance of the Suburbs

Arnold Bennett’s Romance of the Suburbs

Author(s): Małgorzata Nitka / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Bennett; A Man from the North; suburbs; writing; romance; monotony; individuality

"A Man from the North" (1898), Arnold Bennett’s first novel, reflects, to a certain degree, the end-of-the-century shift in which, as Lynne Hapgood contends, suburbs rather than city constitute the narrative location and become a literary subject in its own right. The novel tells the story of Richard Larch who comes to London to attempt a literary career, for which he believes himself destined. He fails to accomplish the dream as he lacks both talent and commitment, while the dream itself turns out to be a piece of self-delusion. He turns out to be more suited to the regular and unimaginative life of a clerk and husband commuting to work from the suburbs. Even though this conclusion suggests that the suburban pattern of life may annihilate literary creativity, Bennett considers possibilities of their reconciliation. This paper seeks to examine the relationship between writing and suburbs as shown in the novel as well as to discuss larger, social and cultural, implications of the suburbs.

The Semiotics of the Gothic Country House in Jane Austen’s "Northanger Abbey"

The Semiotics of the Gothic Country House in Jane Austen’s "Northanger Abbey"

Author(s): Urszula Terentowicz-Fotyga / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Jane Austen; Northanger Abbey; gothic convention; novel of manners; dialogic form

The article discusses the semiotics of the gothic setting in Jane Austen’s "Northanger Abbey". It argues that the novel’s dialogic form juxtaposes contrasting genres and codes constructing a multi-layered and vibrant dialogue between the realistic and the fantastic modes of the novel.