Search results for: fair value in case ifrs 15 in All Content

FAIR DIVISION OF A SET OF INDIVISIBLE GOODS IN A SITUATION OF UNEQUAL ENTITLEMENTS

PROBLEM PODZIAŁU ZBIORU DÓBR NIEPODZIELNYCH W SYTUACJI NIERÓWNYCH UPRAWNIEŃ

Author(s): Marek Bożykowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2012

Keywords: unequal entitlements; fair division; indivisible goods; Knaster, Adjusted Knaster; Equal Shares; Second Prices; Modifi ed Knaster; Modified Adjusted Knaster; Proportional Shares; Modified Second Prices

The paper presents modifi cation of four nonprobabilistic procedures of fair division of a set of indivisible goods with money: Original Knaster, Adjusted Knaster, Equal Shares and Second Prices. The purpose of modifi cation is to adjust the aforementioned methods to the problem of division of a set of goods in a situation of unequal entitlements. Extended versions of six formal properties, namely: strong Pareto optimality, proportionality, envy-freeness, equitability, strategy-proofness and anonymity are also presented. Moreover, proofs of procedures having the same formal properties in a situation of unequal entitlements as in a situation of equal entitlements are shown.

The role of accounting standards in creating a true and fair view of a company

Rola norm rachunkowości w kreowaniu prawdziwego i rzetelnego obrazu jednostki gospodarczej

Author(s): Edward Nowak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 77/2014

Keywords: accounting standards; qualitative aspects of information; financial reporting; substance over form

The information process in accounting is determined by many variables. Each of these factors may affect the utility of information presented in financial reports. The most fundamental determinants of this pro-cess are the accounting standards, as normative recommendations for bookkeeping and financial report-ing in companies. This paper presents the role of various accounting standards in building a true and accurate image of the company, in line with the ‘substance over form’ postulate. For this purpose, solu-tions adopted in various accounting and financial reporting standards are analysed, both international and domestic. Based on the analyses and theoretical deliberations, the paper concludes that accounting stand-ards are of great significance for the quality of information presented in financial reports, as well as for the utility of such information for various company stakeholders. The most important aspect of the pro-cess is the provision of a true and fair view of a company’s performance.

HISTORICAL AND PROSPECTIVE MEASUREMENT IN THE LIGHT OF FAIR VIEW PRINCIPLE

Pomiar historyczny i prospektywny w świetle zasady wiernego obrazu

Author(s): Waldemar Dotkuś / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2 (07)/2011

Keywords: MEASUREMENT; VALUATION; REVEALING IN A FINANCIAL STATEMENT

Financial accounting serves as auxiliary in the range of economic information providing. The huge pressure of information recipients on the centres establishing legal norms in the range of creating economic information, makes that annual financial statements, mainly including balance, do not meet the criteria of fair view. The article deals with the implementation of authenticity and clearness of financial statement principle.

PROCEDURES OF FAIR DIVISION OF A SET OF INDIVISIBLE GOODS WITH MONEY

PROCEDURY PODZIAŁU ZBIORU DÓBR NIEPODZIELNYCH Z REKOMPENSATAMI PIENIĘŻNYMI

Author(s): Marek Bożykowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 15/2011

Keywords: fair division; indivisible goods; Knaster; Adjusted Knaster; envyfreeness; equitability

The paper presents and compares four nonprobabilistic procedures of fair division of a set of indivisible goods with money: Original Knaster, Adjusted Knaster, Equal Shares and Second Prices. The last two are presented for the first time in the article. The analysis concerns the formal properties of those methods, namely: strong Pareto optimality, proportionality, envy-freeness, fairness, strategy-proofness and anonymity. Moreover, classes of situations in which those procedures meet aforementioned properties will be compared.

Micro units reporting in the context of true and fair view

Sprawozdawczość finansowa jednostek mikro w aspekcie zasady wiernego i rzetelnego obrazu

Author(s): Angelika Kaczmarczyk / Language(s): / Issue: 388/2015

Keywords: micro units; financial reporting

Recent amendment to the Accounting Act introduced a new category of enterprise – micro units. The aim of this article is the answer of the question: how the simplified reporting for micro units will affect the true and fair view.

THE PRACTICE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MUNICIPAL OFFICE OF FAIR TRADE IN RZESZÓW

PRAKTYKA OCHRONY KONSUMENTÓW NA PRZYKŁADZIE MIEJSKIEGO RZECZNIKA KONSUMENTÓW W RZESZOWIE

Author(s): Mateusz Zioło / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 04/2013

Keywords: consumer; consumers rights; consumer protection; Municipal Office of Fair Trade

Consumer protection is impossible without existence of a professional institution which remains outside current mainstream of policy making. One of them is the Municipal Office of Fair Trade. The subject of the article is to analyze and assess the activities of the Municipal Office of Fair Trade on behalf of the consumer in Rzeszów, while the purpose is to highlight the role and importance of this entity in the system of consumer protection institutions.

Fair trade marks as an important element of package in the communication with customers

Znaki sprawiedliwego handlu jako istotny element opakowania w komunikacji z konsumentem

Author(s): Katarzyna Kulig-Moskwa,Joanna Nogieć / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 414/2015

Keywords: fair trade; trade mark; package labeling; package in the purchasing process

The article presents the main and most populat fair trade marks. They can be used as a tool of communication between a company and customers. The article shows the role of package and label in the process of communication. It also depicts that a package could be also important not only because of transport and safety features, but also as a promotion area.

The Analyzing of Overseas Trade Fair Supports to SME’s Export Volumes

Yurtdışı Fuar Desteklerinin KOBİ’lerin İhracat Rakamlarına Etkisinin Analizi

Author(s): Ali Aycı / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 7/2014

Keywords: internationalization theories; internationalization problems; overseas trade fairs; government supports; impact of trade fair;

Internationalization of SME’s is very important for the countries socially and economically and there are lots of studies on why and how the companies being internationalized. While investigating the problems faced by businesses on internationalization process, on the other hand business has been supported by the different organizations and institutions to solve internationalization problems. In this study it’s analyzed the impact of overseas trade fair supports on SME’s export volumes. All the Business which benefit KOSGEB’s overseas trade fair supports in 2006 has been included in the study. A comparative analysis was carried out in relation to the export data (for a period of three years) of the enterprises, which made use of KOSGEB overseas fair support, by using the method of difference in difference between the above- stated data and the data obtained from the enterprises within the control group and it was realized that the overseas fair support only increased the export figures within the year in which the enterprises participated in the fairs.

Intertextuality, the Market and Consumer Society in Thackeray’s Novel "Vanity Fair"

Интертекстуалност, тржиште и потрошачко друштво у Текеријевом роману "Вашар таштине"

Author(s): Kornelije D. Kvas / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 154/2014

Keywords: Thackeray;realism;intertextuality;market;class;power;morale;

The paper analyzes the impact of the Victorian Age culture on Thackeray’s novel Vanity Fair. Realistic representation of new social relationships within the fictional world of the novel plausibly reveals the mechanisms of power and domination in the context of the Victorian Age. The Victorian morality as an acceptable cultural model of thinking and comportment, the laws of the market and the logic of the consumer society make up the constitutive parts of this fictional world of Vanity Fair. These intertextual connections reveal how the novel interprets history, social relationships and moral norms. Thackeray shows the commerce’s dependence on high politics and the dependence of an individual on economic changes and events.The aspiration for the possession of money motivates the actions of the novel’s characters. Marriage, as one of the social and economic categories, represents one of the ways to obtain one’s social goals as well as a simultaneous response to the demands of the society. Thackeray’s ironic, parodist, and satirical narration reveals some less noticeable aspects of Victorian culture. Intertextual connections between the novel, history and Victorian society establish a creative dialogue, even with different forms of reality.

Ottoman Hippodrome and Hamidian Company in the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair

1893 Şikago Dünya Fuari’nda Osmanli Hipodromu Ve Şirket-İ Hamidiye

Author(s): Ahmet Şamil Gürler / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 65/2011

Keywords: Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition; Ottoman Hippodrome; Hamidian Company; Abdulhamid II; Arabian Horses;

The topic of Ottoman hippodrome which was a part of Ottoman exposition in the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair is tried to be researched in this article. The Company which organised the Ottoman hippodrome was established by Maronite entrepreneurs from Syria and was supported officially by Sultan Abdulhamid II and Ottoman government. Although the shows, performed by Arabian horses in the Ottoman hippodrome attracted a great attention, the company went bankrupt because of organisation faults and financial problems.

Fair and Reliable Manager Model for Providing Employee Commitment

Çalişan bağliliğin sağlanmasinda adil ve güvenilir yönetici modeli

Author(s): Ömer Osman Dursun,Cenk Aksoy / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 34/2017

Keywords: Justice; Trust; Commitment; Manager;

It is very important for enterprises and managers, who are representatives of their enterprises to be fair and trustworthy in order to earn their employees' commitment. It is expected that managers should show truthfulness and consistency in their words, actions and behaviors, or in other words show personal integrity in order to create an atmosphere of justice and trust in their workplace. In this context, a model was developed that would be useful to the managers about the concepts mentioned. Through this model, it is aimed to give a holistic view to the key concepts and the relations between these concepts that should be taken care of by managers who play a key role in business life.

The Personnel Competence as a Factor of Increasing the Efficiency of Exhibition and Fair Activity of the Company

Компетентність персоналу підприємства як фактор підвищення ефективності виставково-ярмаркової діяльності підприємства

Author(s): Vladyslava Yermakova / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 06/2017

Keywords: the exhibition and fair activities; HR; competence; profile;

The article is devoted to theoretical grounding of personnel importance for the efficiency of trade fair-exhibition activity. Based on the analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific sources, the basic theoretical aspects of exhibitions involving personnel qualification and review personal sales as an important, specific marketing tools are highlighted.

Poles about the Idea of Fair Trade (in the Light of Research Findings)

Polacy o idei Sprawiedliwego Handlu (w świetle wyników badań)

Author(s): Mirosława Janoś-Kresło / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Keywords: Fair Trade; knowledge; consumers;

Fair Trade is a social movement which represents an alternative approach to the traditional trade and which is a part of the concept of sustainable development. Its mission is, with use of the market approach, to offer the marginalised groups of producers and workers, first of all from the Global South, better trade terms and to secure their rights, what allows them improvement of their living situation and plans for the future. An aim of the author is to present the Poles’ knowledge on Fir Trade based on findings of the research carried out in August 2013, within the research project financed on the means of the National Science Centre, implemented in the Institute for Market, Consumption and Business Cycles Research. The research showed that the majority of Poles (65%) are not interested in Fair Trade, and the main mentioned reason is lack of faith in efficacy and individual nature of measures. The very tern Fair Trade is poorly recognizable. It is associated with the Fair Trade certificate, the aid system or it is recognised in the context of aware consumption. The level of awareness of Fair Trade after the accession to the EU structures, has not, in opinion of the majority of respondents (72%), changed. The main source of Poles’ knowledge of Fair Trade is Internet. The presented in the article research findings are of the cognitive and practical nature. The article is of the research nature.

Fair Trade for Reduction of Poverty in the Poorest Countries

Sprawiedliwy Handel na rzecz ograniczania ubóstwa w najbiedniejszych krajach

Author(s): Małgorzata Radziukiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 6/2013

Keywords: poverty; development assistance; fair trade; consumers’ behaviour;

In her article, the author paid attention to the scale of actions made by Poles and the communities of the EU member states supporting development of the least developed countries. The article is of the review nature. Besides the information on the volume of assistance provided by the Polish government and by the EU, she also presented opinions of Poles and other Europeans on the areas and ways of assistance as well as acceptance thereof. A particular attention was paid to the assistance measures as regards poverty reduction. The least developed countries’ developmental possibilities, and particularly poverty reduction, are determined, among other things, by development of agriculture and those countries’ participation in the global trade. Hence, in the article, for the purpose of exposure of the problems of the least developed countries’ economies, the author presented their shares in the international trade as well as findings of the research on the Fair Trade idea awareness among Polish and European consumers as well as the degree of support to thereof, especially the propensity to buy products from the poorest countries. The analysis was carried out on the basis of results of the surveys: TNS Polska, Eurobarometer as well as authors own surveys implemented within the framework of the research project of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) No. 2011/03/B/HS4/03727 Rynek produktów Sprawiedliwego Handlu w Polsce [Market for Fair Trade products in Poland], financed by the National Science Centre (NCN).

Structural model of exhibition and fair activities and its design-ergonomic provision

Структурна модель виставково-ярмаркової діяльності та її дизайн-ергономічне забезпечення

Author(s): Volodymyr Sʹomkin / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: structural model; exhibition and fair activities; concept; optimization; design;

Structural model of exhibition and fair activities is considered and systematized. This model is grounded on the author’s conception of exhibitions and fairs, in the context of the effectiveness of design-ergonomic supply of this activity. Due to optimization of the structural model of exhibition and fair activities, the effectiveness of ergonomic design of each processing stage of the establishment and operation of the exhibition or fair is provided.

LEGAL GUARANTEES OF THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL IN SERBIAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

ЗАКОНСКЕ ГАРАНЦИЈЕ ПРАВА НА ПРАВИЧНО СУЂЕЊЕ У КРИВИЧНОМ ПОСТУПКУ СРБИЈЕ

Author(s): Vojislav Đurđić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 70/2015

Keywords: fair trial; legal standards; access to justice; “equality of arms” principle; presumption of innocence; right to defense

Право на правично суђење је међународни правни стандард који садржи комплексна процесна правила којима се надомешта инфериоран положај окривљеног у односу на државне органе кривичне репресије. С циљем да се у том контексту сагледа процесни положај окривљеног и оштећеног, у раду се излаже о европским правним стандардима који творе право на правично суђење и њиховој имплементацији у српско кривичнопроцесно законодавство. Аутор најпре даје доктринарно схватање правних стандарда уопште и приказ европских правних стандарда које инволвира право на правично суђење, да би у тако постављеним границама критички анализирао законска решења процесног кодекса из 2011. године. Аутор сматра да се, због укидања супсидијарне тужбе у истрази, отвара питање остваривања права на приступ суду, посматрано са становишта заштите права оштећеног. Затим, да је ускраћивањем права окривљеном да затражи судску заштиту приликом покретања истраге, искључено право на делотворно правно средство и уставна гаранција да о основаности покретања кривичног поступка одлучује суд. У нескладу са европским правним стандардима је и нова законска регулатива права окривљеног да учествује у поступку који се води против њега јер је новим закоником предвиђено да се истрага, у закону експлицитно дефинисана као прва фаза кривичног поступка у ужем смислу, може водити и против непознатог учиниоца. Аутор такође сматра да наметање обавезе одбрани да мора поднети доказе у одређеном року, како би уопште били изведени на главном претресу, представља изнуђивање доказних радњи окривљеног, што је у дисхармонији са претпоставком невиности, а забрана да на главном претресу изведе ненајављене доказе представља грубо кршење права на одбрану. У раду се још указује да ограничења начела непосредности и начела контрадикторности омогућавају да се судска одлука заснива на доказима које јавни тужилац или полиција изведу у истрази, чак и без присуства окривљеног и његовог браниоца, и тако потире „једнакост оружја“, без које нема правичног поступка.

The importance of travel fair in city marketing on the example Giżycko

Targi turystyczne jako narzędzie promocji miasta na przykładzie Giżycka

Author(s): Adam Rudzewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 20/2012

Urban space is treated by marketing activities as a whole, co-created by different entities, whose common goal is to increase the revenues of the city and its inhabitants. Fair, as a promotional tool are primarily relevant information – promotions and are directed primarily to potential buyers. The primary objective of the fair is to present their products in a manner distinguishing them against others. City preparing a range of tourist attractions, economic and social needs to the inform the external market. Trade fairs, shows, presentations and exhibitions are becoming an important marketing weapon in attracting tourists.

Sorochinsky Fair "by M.Musorgsky in the stage design by Dmitry M. Gnatyuk

«Сорочинський ярмарок» М.Мусоргського у сценічному втіленні Д.М.Гнатюка

Author(s): Viktor Oleksiyovych Bondarchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 10/2018

Keywords: artist; director's interpretation; scenographic decision;

The purpose of the article. The research determines the analysis of the creative way of D.M. Gnatyuk, which is related to his directorial practice at the National Opera of Ukraine named after T. Shevchenko. The attention of the research is concentrated on the mechanisms of director's interpretation of the artist while working on the production of the opera by M. Mussorgsky "Sorochinsky fair" in 1992. The methodology of the research involves the application of historical, biographical and cultural methods for the purpose of rational and consistent coverage of the biographical stages of D. Gnatyuk and the formation of his performing professionalism in the coordinates of artistic realities of the 90s of the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the work is to broaden ideas about the formation of the operatic genre in the coordinates of the national cultural space and to consolidate its status in the plane of international artistic communication of the twentieth century. The review offers new pages of D. M. Gnatyuk's creative biography, which in the projection on the topic of research, stimulate a permanent rethinking of the structure of the development of the operatic genre in the context of creative realities of time. Conclusion. Appealing to the problem of the production of the opera "Sorochinsky fair" by M.Musorgsky in the director's interpretation of D.Gnatyuk, we are forming a model of the Ukrainian space in the context of genre coordinates of the opera art of the twentieth century. Through the prism of personal perception of external socio-cultural factors, a clear model of the masters crystallizes due to the collision of both cultural and socio-political contexts.

The dynamics of audit market and financial reporting under International Financial Reporting Standards: the case of Romanian listed companies

The dynamics of audit market and financial reporting under International Financial Reporting Standards: the case of Romanian listed companies

Author(s): Marta Tache / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Keywords: IFRS; audit market; reporting; Big 4; audit opinion;

Research question: The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of audit market related to the audit services and financial reporting in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. Motivation: Although there is a solid foundation of rules and principles, the practical controversy over the rule of law, the features of the financial market, the characteristics of the accounting regulation process and the ability to adapt the environment seem to be endless. A credibility benchmark is made by the auditor's opinion that increases the reliability of financial statements, thus providing investors with assurance about the entity's independence. In this context, a strong maturation of Romanian market seems to improve the institutional context under IFRS adoption and an increased number of companies audited by Big 4 reveals a solid audit market. Idea: The main purpose of the research is to investigate the actual circumstances regarding International Financial Reporting Standards and the changes on audit market regulated by International Standard on Auditing (IAS), regarding Romanian listed companies. The in-depth knowledge of these elements makes it possible to highlight the existing achievements, thus marking a bond between IFRS and IAS, as two congruent standards. Data: In the present survey, a sample of 20 companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, Premium Shares, during 2016-2018 has been analyzed. Tools: The study implies a quantitative model based on Whitney test for verifying the association between the type of auditor and the audit opinion in the context of IFRS. Findings: The result indicates that the majority of firms is audited by Big 4 and a change of audit firm is not directly associated to the change of audit opinion after the adoption of IFRS became mandatory. In the same time, the present survey shows a continuous improvement of the audit market under IFRS adoption.

Vanity Fair and Bonfire of the Vanities: Prolegomenon for a Poetics of Modern Realism

Vašar taštine i Lomača taština: prolegomena za poetiku modernog realizma

Author(s): Stefan S. Alidini / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 21/2020

Keywords: Realism; Neo-Realism; intertextuality; New Journalism; fiction; non-fiction novel; Tom Wolfe;

This paper examines intertextual influences and ties between Thackeray’s Vanity Fair and Tom Wolfe’s Bonfire of the Vanities. After an analysis of the problems of intertextuality as applied to complex literary structures, Gerard Genette’s systematisation of intertextual phenomena is concluded to be the most suitable model. The paper focuses on examining parallelisms through contrasting texts directly, as well as placing the findings in a broader context concerning modern realist and realism-inspired novels, otherwise labelled under the term ”Neo-Realism”. The analysis itself focuses on examining intertextuality within the titles, the serial form of both novels and its situational influence on plot and structure. This is followed by an examination of other microstructures (plot devices, narrative voice, and thematic parallelisms) with the aim of understanding the intent and meaning of Wolfe’s alterations to the self-chosen Thackereyan model. Finally, the characteristics, as defined throughout the paper, are reconceptualised through the lens of Wolfe’s explicitly poetic texts. From this perspective, The Bonfire of the Vanities emerges as one of the key novels in modern neorealist prose.