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Remarques concernant un rituel funéraire insolite chez les Thraces nordiques aux Ve-IIIe siècles av. J.-C.

Observaţii privitoare la un ritual funerar insolit la tracii nordici din sec. V-III a. Chr

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2009

Keywords: Thraces septentrionaux; rituel funéraire insolite; incinération; grandes fosses.

Notre étude porte sur la coutume de déposer les défunts incinérés dans de grandes fosses, rectangulaires ou ovales, tout comme pour les tombes d’inhumation, rituel que l’on rencontre chez les Thraces septentrionaux seulement dans certaines nécropoles datées aux Ve – IIIe siècles av. J.-C. Dans la première partie nous nous proposons de présenter brièvement le répertoire des découvertes, tandis que dans la seconde, après avoir fait une analyse des caractéristiques essentielles de ces tombes, nous allons essayer de trouver les raisons de la pratique de ce rituel. Notre argumentation repose surtout sur les découvertes faites à Olteni et Coslogeni, car ce sont nos propres fouilles et parce que dans les autres cas, soit les découvertes sont peu nombreuses (Aghireş, Zimnicea), soit les informations sont incomplètes (Slobozia, Dănceni et Stelnica), ou encore inédites (Poieneşti et Boroşeşti). Nous nous sommes proposé d’aborder dans notre démarche seulement cet aspect des rituels, aussi n’allons-nous pas insister sur la description du mobilier, mais seulement y faire référence lorsqu’il s’agit de sa position dans la sépulture ou bien certaines de ses caractéristiques générales.

Un dépôt de lingots et tourteaux de bronze découvert dans Oraşul de Floci (comm. de Giurgeni, dép. de Ialomiţa)

Un dépôt de lingots et tourteaux de bronze découvert dans Oraşul de Floci (comm. de Giurgeni, dép. de Ialomiţa)

Author(s): Silviu Oţa / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2006

“En juillet et août 1996 on a fouillé de manière systématique le site archéologique "Oraşul de Floci" (comm. de Giurgeni, le lieu dit "Piua Petri", dép. de Ialomiţa; Fig. 1). Les investigations ont eu lieu dans la zone méridionale du grind no. 6, tout près de l’ancienne berge de la rivière de Ialomiţa (Fig. 2). Nous l’avons alors conventionnellement nommé grind no. 6, secteur II, pour en faire la différence de la fouille faite par notre collègue Dana Mihai (grind 6, secteur I), quelque part plus à l’est (Chiţescu et al., p. 44-45). Nous avons démarré les fouilles par le traçage d’une section orientée N-S, ayant les dimensions 20,00 m x 2,00 m. Le carroyage est fait du nord au sud. Dans les carreaux 3-6, à 0,20 m de profondeur, on a trouvé une habitation de surface relevant de plusieurs phases de reconstruction (enregistrées alors comme Cpl.3A, 3B et 3C).”[…]

In memoriam Niculae Conovici, 1948-2005

In memoriam Niculae Conovici, 1948-2005

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2006

Geto-Dacian materials from Piscul Crăsani (Crăsanii de Jos, com. Balaciu, Ialomiţa county). Bogdan and Alexandru Ştefan Collection

Geto-Dacian materials from Piscul Crăsani (Crăsanii de Jos, com. Balaciu, Ialomiţa county). Bogdan and Alexandru Ştefan Collection

Author(s): Monica Constantin ,Valeriu Sîrbu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

Keywords: Piscul Crăsani; Ştefan Collection; Geto-Dacian and Hellenistic artefacts

In this article we will present the most illustrative Geto-Dacian items, first as a repertory, followed by some general considerations. In order to include these discoveries in the site’s general frame, their complete analysis will be made when the first volume will be published.

THE CONSIDERATION OF RESTAURATION USING THE ANALOGY OF A GLAZED STORE TILE DESCOVERED IN BRAILA

Consideraţii privind restaurarea prin analogie a unei cahle descoperită la Brăila

Author(s): Maghiţa Nechifor / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2005

"Săpăturile de salvare efectuate în vatra istorică a Brăilei, punctul Calea Călăraşilor 19, au adus în laborator pentru a fi restaurat un bogat material ceramic medieval din care s-au selectat fragmentele unor cahle verzi şi galbene, frumos ornamentate şi interesante din punct de vedere al restaurării. Conservarea şi restaurarea unui obiect, cunoaşte o anumită desfăşurare cu faze şi etape. În prima fază s-a evaluat gradul de fragilitate a fragmentelor şi starea lor de conservare. Şi cum printr-o examinare macroscopică nu putem pătrunde cu privirea dincolo de aspectul suprafeţei pentru a evalua gradul de degradare a obiectului, să stabilim cât de mult i-au fost afectate proprietăţile fizico-mecanice, şi cum determinarea compoziţiei materialului se referă în primul rând la analiza fizico-chimică, pentru aceasta restauratorul a solicitat intervenţia"[...]

Askoi of Hellenistic provenance discovered at Zimnicea (Teleorman county)

Askoi elenistici descoperiţi la Zimnicea (judeţul Teleorman)

Author(s): Ion Pătraşcu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2005

This paper present eight askoi of Hellenistic provenance discovered at Zimnicea (Teleorman county). This pieces are dated in the middle and the second half of the 3rd century B.C. "Printre importurile greceşti descoperite în aşezarea getică de la Zimnicea (judeţul Teleorman) se află un askos şi fragmente provenind de la alte şapte exemplare. Catalog: 1. Askos fragmentar. Lipsesc gura, gâtul, toartele şi părţi din corp. Ceramica fină, compactă, de culoare cărămizie-roşcată. Decorul, dispus pe suprafaţa vizibilă a corpului, constă din 16 benzi (frunze stilizate) radiare, de culoare roşie, delimitate la exterior de un cerc realizat dintr-o bandă de aceeaşi culoare. Dmax. = 12,3 cm; H = 6 cm. Zimnicea 1968; S VIII; Gr. 5; MJT, inv. nr. 25527 (Fig. 1/1). 2. Fragment din corpul unui askos (partea vizibilă). Ceramică fină, de culoare cărămizie la exterior şi neagră la interior. Decorul, pictat cu vopsea roşie, se compune din două grupe de câte trei linii concentrice. Între cele două grupe de linii se află benzi (frunze stilizate) dispuse radial. Zimnicea 1948; S IV; car. 9; -0,50 m. MJT. Inv. 25528 (Fig. 1/2). 3."

Les fouilles archéologiques de Crăsanii de Jos-Piscul Crăsani (comm. de Balaciu, dép. d’Ialomita). Campagne 2013. Époque géto-dace

Cercetarile arheologice de la Crăsanii De Jos-Piscul Crăsani (com. Balaciu, jud. Ialomița).

Author(s): Ioan-Valentin Cernău,Simina Stanc,Florin Vlad,Marian Neagu,Valeriu Sîrbu,Maria-Magdalena Ştefan,Dan Ştefan,Cătălina Cernea / Language(s): / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: Geto-Dacians; residential center; fortification; dwellings; pits; artefacts; Hellenistic imports.

The investigations undertaken this year were designed to fit the following objectives: a) Understanding the habitation density in the northern area of the Plateau, b) Documenting the shape, dimensions, structure and chronology of the fortification “C” on the Plateau, c) Documenting the stratigraphy and chronology of the southern side of the Western Hillock. In the beginning we will present, in short, some features located in both up-mentioned digging sectors, as well as the fortification ditch, in order to draw together in the end some general statements. In total there were investigated 18 new complexes (three dwellings, a hut, 10 pits, two external fireplaces and two complexes with unclear functionality); to this, one should add the further investigation of the fortification (consisting of a ditch and turf wall). All the identified features belonged to the 2nd-1st centuries BC. The archaeological excavations were done in close relation with interdisciplinary investigations: geophysics, topography and close-range photogrammetry from UAVs.

Barboşi: de la dava au castrum

Barboşi: de la dava la castru

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu,Costin Croitoru / Language(s): / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: dava; castrum; castellum; Moesia Inferior

La position géographique du site lui a donné une place à part dans les préoccupations stratégiques et économiques des empires et populations qui sont entrées en contact avec le territoire danubien-pontique, ce qui se voit en particulier dans le nombre, la variété et la qualité des découvertes archéologiques, fortuites ou dues aux fouilles systématiques. Aussi le site le Bărboşi occupe-t-il une place de choix dans l’évolution et la compréhension des phénomènes historiques du dernier siècle de l’âge païen et le premier siècle de l’âge chrétien dans la région du Bas Danube. Les fouilles archéologiques modernes ont révélé un établissement géto-dace fortifié à trois niveaux d’habitation: les matériels les plus anciens se datent à la fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C., et les plus récents, du règne de Domitien (81-96), éventuellement jusqu’aux guerres daco-romaines au commencement du deuxième siècle chrétien. Dans l’établissement gétique, défendu d’un fossé et un vallum à palissade, on a trouvé des types variés de complexes (demeures, ateliers, fosses etc.), avec un mobilier abondant et divers. Le grand nombre des importations identifiées, corroboré avec la situation stratégique des voies maritimes et terrestres importantes, témoigne d’une activité économique intense pour vendre des produits grecs, ensuite romains, aux peuples habitant au nord du Danube. Superposée d’un nivellement qui a grandement endommagé les vestiges antérieurs, l’habitation romaine se développe au début dans le contexte des guerres daco-romaines; nous y avons identifié: a) un castellum, bâti en une première étape en terre, et peu après, en pierre (il existe encore, du mur d’enceinte, une partie du côté oriental, avec tumulus dans le coin de sud-est et quelques morceaux des autres côtés), b) un castrum en pierre situé à l’ouest du castellum, dont on n’a pu explorer que partiellement, les côtés ouest et nord (dimensions probables, 350x150m).

Le site gétique de Satu Nou (Comm d’Oltina, dép. de Constanţa), le lieu dit „Vadu Vacilor”. Observations préliminaries

Le site gétique de Satu Nou (Comm d’Oltina, dép. de Constanţa), le lieu dit „Vadu Vacilor”. Observations préliminaries

Author(s): Niculae Conovici,Anca Ganciu,Mihai Irimia / Language(s): / Issue: 1/2007

Keywords: site gétique; sondage archéologique; hutte; céramique autochtone; ceramics; importations hellénistiques; greek imports; fosse.

Le matériel céramique gétique est représenté par des fragments de vase du type bocaux, vases du type cloche, écuelles, brocs, tasses, «vases à fruits», bols ou bien des imitations d’après des types hellénistiques. Les importations hellénistiques sont représentées surtout par des amphores de Rhodos, Cnidos, Sinope, Cos, Chersones ou par des types indéterminés, par des fragments de lekythoi, lékanai, lagynoi, kantharoi, oinochoai, bols, assiettes, écuelles et par des moulins, un fragment de bracelet en verre, des statuettes fragmentaires en terre cuite et une monnaie callatienne en bronze. La partie la plus importante du matériel archéologique découvert détermine la datation du site au IIe s. av. J.-C., respectivement dans l’intervalle où la dava de «Valea lui Voïcu» n’était pas habitée, suite à la destruction subie à la fin du IIIe s. av. J.-C. (probablement à cause des Bastarnes). Cependant, certains matériels hellénistiques suggèrent le commencement plus ancien du site de «Vadu Vacilor», à partir des dernières décennies du IIIe s. av. J.-C.

Regarding the Earliest Rhodian Imports to Cetățeni

În legătură cu cele mai vechi importuri rhodiene la Cetățeni

Author(s): Dragoş Măndescu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Cetățeni; stamped amphora handles; Rhodes, the eponym Xenofanes; the fabricant Aristeidas 2.

The author discusses about two Rhodian amphora stamps discovered in the lapse between the two World Wars in the Late Iron Age settlement from Cetățeni and he considers them as the oldest stamps of eponym and of fabricant, respectively, from that site: the eponym Xenofanes (189 BC) and the fabricant Aristeidas 2 (having a period of activity from ca. 193 BC to ca. 174/172 BC). The dating of the two pieces, conformable to the revised chronology (“low”) of the Rhodian amphora stamps, brings further arguments for considering the establishing of the settlement from Cetățeni at the latest in the beginnings of the 2nd century BC.

NUMISMATIC COLLECTIONS OF THE MUSEUMS AT SANDANSKI (ancient Medius-Particopolis), PETRICH (ancient Heraclea Sintica/Strimonica) AND GOTSE DELCHEV (ancient Nikopolis ad Nestum)

NUMISMATIC COLLECTIONS OF THE MUSEUMS AT SANDANSKI (ancient Medius-Particopolis), PETRICH (ancient Heraclea Sintica/Strimonica) AND GOTSE DELCHEV (ancient Nikopolis ad Nestum)

Author(s): Svetoslava Filipova,Vladimir Petkov,Margarita Andonova,Sotir Ivanov,Ilya Prokopov,Vyacheslav Peshekhonov / Language(s): English

This is the sixth volume in series 'Coin Collections and Coin Hoards from Bulgaria' (CCCHBulg. VI), presenting the numismatic collections of state museums in the present-day Republic of Bulgaria. A comprehensive introduction provides background information on the southwestern area of Blagoevgrad district. In CCCHBulg. IV was presented the collection of the Regional Museum in Blagoevgrad. The collections of three municipal museums at the towns of Sandanski, Petrich and Gotse Delchev are presented here. These three cities are located in the valleys of the rivers Struma (anc. Strymon) and Mesta (anc. Nestos). Volume 6 provides a good picture of coin circulation along the valleys of Struma and Mesta within the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. In this volume we have new information including the data of the museums collections, archeological excavations and documentation of collectors and local historians. This information is significant in volume. It is about coin finds and is presented with photos, tables and brief descriptions. The registered small denominations ranging from hemiobol to trihemiobol from the period of 6-5 in. BC are especially valuable. There is already enough information about the heavy denominations. So we add this new information and complete the picture for the minting and coin circulation of the earliest period in the researched region. We are also convinced that this new information on scattered coin hoards and single silver and bronze coins from the region will contribute to the study of local history. The number of coins presented in the catalog is 1200. The number of documented scattered coins in the region is 1131. The volume of the book is 283 pages. The format is A4.

Archaeology between science, politics and market economy

Arheologia între ştiinţă, politică şi economia de piaţă

Author(s): Eugen Ușurelu,Andrei Nicic,Sergiu Heghea,Aurel Zanoci,Alexandru Popa,Sergiu Matveev,Tudor Arnăut,Sergiu Musteaţă,Ion Tentiuc,Veaceslav Bicbaev,Knut Rassmann,Octavian Munteanu,Gheorghe Postică,Ghenadie Sîrbu,Lilia V. Dergaciova,Iulia Caproş,Emil Dragnev,Vasile Dumbrava,Marina Dumbravă / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: archaeology;moldova;heritage and education;

The book is a collection of articles done by DAAD Alumni scholars from the Republic of Moldova. Most of the contributions are debating various topics on archaeology and preservation

Children Burials in Northern Thracian Settlements During the Iron Age

Înmormântări de copii în așezările tracilor nordici în Epoca Fierului

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu,Diana Dăvîncă / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: children; Northern Thracians; burial practices; Iron Age;

In the case of the northern Thracians we will consider the area comprised between Balkans, Tisza and Dniestr and the chronological framework of the 12th c. BC till the 1st c. AD.The burial of children in settlements happened concurrently with their deposition in regular cemeteries, surprising remaining for some periods only the larger number of children found in non-funerary contexts and, in cases, some differences in rituals and funerary inventory between the two categories of sites.No written source makes any mention regarding the manner in which the northern Thracians treated their deceased children, the diseases they suffered from, the criteria that mattered when deciding that some children were buried in the settlements and others in the cemeteries, the rituals practiced at their burials. Only in few cases there were noticed traces of violence on the children bones, and even then it was not clear if they could be considered cause of death or were subsequently applied. In the same time, it is known that there are killing methods that do not leave marks visible on the bones (suffocation, poisoning, drowning).The large number of children deposited inside settlements can be explained, first of all, by the increased child mortality rate of the past and by the mentality of many archaic populations to bury their children close to the house. In many situations the lack of skeletons parts can be explained by the post-mortem manipulation of the deceased, on the basis of specific beliefs, now difficult to define.

Again on the Bronze Processing Workshop in Piua Petrii (Orașul de Floci), Note

Din nou nespre atelierul de prelucrare a bronzului de la Piua Petrii (orașul de Floci), notă

Author(s): Silviu Oţa / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: workshop; earring pendant; wire; bronze; ceramic residues;

Following the campaigns of 1998 and 1999, in Piua Petrii (considered to be the so-called “Orașul de Floci”), on bank no. 6a, a bronze processing workshop was researched, which besides the usual bronze vessel repairs, also manufactured counterfeit coins.One of the items found there excited our interest and brought several new clarifications on the functions of the medieval workshop. We are referring to a dice-shaped bronze item, on which several wire and sheet-metal earlets have been attached.Among the adornments found in Piua Petrii (Orașul de Floci) in the researched cemeteries, none belonged to this type or has not been published yet (Pl. 2/2). A finding made during 2012 managed to brought light regarding the adornments used in this settlement. We are referring to an earring probably discovered in the cemetery of the church no. 1. This has features very similar to the item discovered in the bronze processing workshop (Pl. 2/1). The fact that the item was found in a workshop (Pl.1), as well as the fact that it was not finished proves that the place also manufactured adornments at least partly destined to the inhabitants of the settlement.

La nécropole gétique de Coslogeni - Grădiştea Coslogeni (Dép. de Călăraşi)

Necropola getică de la Coslogeni - Grădiştea Coslogeni (jud. Călăraşi)

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: nécropole; Gètes; rituels funéraires; les IVe-IIIe av. J.-C.;

On y a identifié 18 structures, dont 15 seulement avaient des ossements humains, provenant d’au moins 16 individus, dont 14 incinérés et 2 inhumés. Dans tous les cas, les enfants étaient inhumés, tandis que les adolescents et les adultes étaient incinérés, mais nous ne saurions étendre cette affirmation pour tous les défunts incinérés de la nécropole, qui n’ont pas été analysés du point de vue anthropologique.Pour sept cas, les ossements se trouvaient dans l’urne, et dans six autrescas, déposés directement dans la fosse; dans T1, les ossements étaient autant dans l’urne que dans la fosse, et dans T3, il y avait deux individus, l’un inhumé (enfant) et l’autre incinéré (adolescent). Bien que dans trois structures on n’ait pas identifié d’ossements humains mais seulement des vases céramiques, nous sommes d’avis que ce sont des cénotaphes, car, par la forme, les dimensions et le mobilier, elles sont identiques aux fosses à ossements humains. Selon les types de vases, en particulier ceux grecs, la nécropole se date aux IVe-IIIe av. J.-C.Les tombes de cette nécropole sont importantes par les problèmes provoqués par la présence des tombes de crémation ou des cénotaphes avec de grandes fosses, rectangulaires ou ovales, caractéristiques aux tombes d’inhumation.

Evaluation Of The Animal Resources Used In The Geto-Dacian Fortress At Piscul Crăsani (Ialomiţa County), New Archaeozoological Data

Evaluarea resurselor animale utilizate în cetatea geto-dacică de la Piscul Crăsani (jud. Ialomița), secole II-I î.Hr.: noi date arheozoologice

Author(s): Alexandra Cabat,Daniel Malaxa,Valeriu Sîrbu,Luminiţa Bejenaru,Simina Margareta Stanc / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: XXIV/2018

Keywords: Geto-Dacian residential center; paleoeconomy; archaeozoology; animal husbandry; hunting;

Piscul Crăsani site is being researched for a century and a half. Since 1870 Cezar Bolliac sent D. Butculescu to make excavations in this place, the results being noticed to the general public. Professional archaeological investigations were made only after 1920’s when, in 1923, Ioan Andrieşescu at the request of Vasile Pârvan undertook excavations in this site, led by immediate publication of results, which was one of the first valuable scientific monographs from Romania.The results of the excavations made at Piscul Crăsani were also a serious documentary base for Vasile Pârvan’s Getica (1926, p. 173-219). After this period, for several decades the site entered in an obscurity phase in which only some discoveries or information were published. Systematic excavation was restarted in 1969 being continued with few interruptions until 1987, and later from 20111. Although the results of the archaeological excavations were notable there is still no monographic publication of the site. Niculae Conovici published several valuable studies concerning certain categories of materials, such as anthropomorphic figurines, relief decorated bowls, coins and materials with cultural significance.The first archaeological studies for this site were made by M. Şt. Udrescu, who published data on animal husbandry and hunting in 1985.The archaeozoological samples collected from Crăsanii de Jos-Piscul Crăsani site during the archaeological campaigns in the period 2011-2013 contain faunal remains, mainly from mammals, but also from molluscs, fish andbirds. Among the mammals, the domestics have the largest proportion; the identified domestic species are: Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Sus domesticus, Equus caballus, Canis familiaris. The highest proportion belongs to the cattle, followed by sheep/goat and pig. Wild mammals are not very well represented in the sample; four species were identified: Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Capreolus capreolus and Lepus europaeus; the red deer and wild boar have the largest frequency in the wild mammal group.

Monetary Signs West of Pontos Euxenios. New Records Present in the Numismatic Documentation of the Last Decade

Semnele monetare din vestul Pontului Euxin. Noi evidențe prezente în documentația numismatică a ultimului deceniu

Author(s): Gabriel Talmațchi / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: XXVI/2020

Keywords: monetary signs; Black Sea; Dobruja; Istros; spheres of exchange; trade; interdisciplinary approach;

The intensification of research in the last decade on the discoveries in the West Pontic Dobruja area, within the general theme of the phenomenon of monetary signs, has created the premises for deepening some long-pending issues and the emergence of other directions for the environment of local populations. At the same time, a periodic synthesis of new theories and discoveries, respectively of the conclusions that emerge accordingly, is always welcome. On the one hand, the latest discoveries of monetary signs from the West-Pontic area from Istros, Tomis, the Histrian chora and the settlements of the native population beyond the territory of influence are reviewed. On the other hand, the new theories on the phenomenon of monetary signs are approached and the results of interdisciplinary analyses performed on several hundred monetary signs in the category of arrowheads / bay leaves / olive leaves or wheat grains from Dobruja treasures are presented. The conclusions, Conclusions, gathered under a last subchapter containing details on the characteristics of the phenomenon of monetary signs, underline their character as a standard of exchange as it results from their use in local and regional Greek-local trade. Monetary signs were not actually coins, they never met all the characteristics and functions that the currency had.Monetary signs are part of the category of special Greek goods and have had a strong influence from the Greek to the local world, in the context of economic and trade. Beyond the culture, beliefs and ideology of the natives. Regardless of their mode of manifestation, initially as a religious symbol (in the Greek environment, through pieces transformed by cutting the tip and filling the sleeve with lead) and later as a commercial symbol (in the Greek-indigenous and local environments, through specially cast pieces exchange), monetary signs from the category of those specially cast for exchange are present in a multitude of archaeological discoveries made mainly outside the area of the early settlement of Istros, in the choir and even further, in fortified and open residential centers of the local population. They represent from a chronological,typological and functional point of view a special chapter of general numismatics specific to the Greek world from the 6th-5th centuries B.C., especially of the western basin of Pontos Euxeinos, with exceptional manifestations in relation to current theories of pre-monetary and monetary mechanisms.

Istros. Cuprinsul cuprinsurilor

Istros. Cuprinsul cuprinsurilor

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian,French / Issue: XXVI/2020

The Getic Settlement of Coslogeni – Magura lui Negoiță

Aşezarea getică de la Coslogeni – Măgura lui Negoiță (jud. Călărași)

Author(s): Anișoara Topârceanu,Valeriu Sîrbu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: XXVIII/2022

Keywords: settlement; dwellings; huts; pits; fireplaces; Getae; 4th-3rd centuries BC;

We intend to present essential data regarding the Getic settlement of Grădiștea Coslogeni-Măgura lui Negoiță, from Călărașului Moorland (Balta Călărașului), systematically excavated in 1997-1998. In the Getic settlement, there have been identified, through an area of circa 100sqm, 11 complexes: 5 surface dwellings, 2 huts and 4 pits. The local Getae population, dated to have lived during the 4th – 3rd centuries BC, can be understood only in the context of the Getic settlements of Călărașului Moorland and with those of both Danube banks, as far as the archeological finds reveal the big number of similar features in the evolution of this area in the 5th-1st centuries BC.

Early Medieval Necropolis from Crăsanii de Jos-Piscul Crăsani, Balaciu Village (Ialomița County)

Necropola medievală timpurie de la Crăsanii de Jos - Piscul Crăsani, com. Balaciu (jud. Ialomița)

Author(s): Valeriu Sîrbu,Ioan-Valentin Cernău,Cătălina-Raluca Cernău,Florin Vlad / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: XXVIII/2022

Keywords: Early Medieval Necropolis; cremation and inhumation graves; children and adults; women and men;

29 graves were investigated, 16 of inhumation and 13 of cremation, the discoveries of both rites were spread throughout the perimeter of the necropolis. Of the 13 cremation graves, only four had the bones deposited in urns, in the other nine they were put directly at the bottom of the pits. For most of the inhumed deceased, the skeleton was in a precarious state, a fact that can be explained because the vast majority were young children; in three cases only the skull was found, all belonging to children and without inventory. Inventory and offerings were poor and of little variety. Ceramic vessels were used, both as urns and as containers in which offerings were probably deposited, both in cremation and inhumation graves. The necropolis can be placed between the end of the 8th century-9th century, possibly the beginning of the 10th century AD; part of the necropolis was destroyed, so we do not know its real chronological limits.