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“This New Conquering Empire of Light and Reason”: Edmund Burke, James Gillray, and the Dangers of Enlightenment

“This New Conquering Empire of Light and Reason”: Edmund Burke, James Gillray, and the Dangers of Enlightenment

Author(s): James Schmidt / Language(s): English / Issue: 40/2014

Keywords: Edmund Burke, Enlightenment, James Gillray, French Revolution, Richard Price, Caricature, Frontispieces, Light, Hans Blumenberg, Albert O. Hirschman, J.G.A. Pocock.

This article examines the use of images of “light” and “enlightenment” in Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France and in the controversy that greeted the book, with an emphasis on caricatures of Burke and his book by James Gillray and others. Drawing on Hans Blumenberg’s discussion of the metaphor of “light as truth,” it situates this controversy within the broader usage of images of light and reason in eighteenth-century frontispieces and (drawing on the work of J.G.A. Pocock and Albert O. Hirschman) explores the ways in which Burke’s critique of Richard Price operates with a rhetoric that views Price as part of an enlightenment that was inherently “radical” and, hence, a threat to the “enlightenment” that, in Burke’s view, had already been achieved.

L'univers grotesque dans le Voyage au bout de la nuit de Louis-Ferdinand Céline

L'univers grotesque dans le Voyage au bout de la nuit de Louis-Ferdinand Céline

Author(s): Ilona Pomian / Language(s): French / Issue: 05/2010

Keywords: grotesque; ugliness; caricature; absurdity; grotesque; laideur; caricature; absurdite; groteska; brzydota; karykatura; absurd

Closing Time

Closing Time

Author(s): Zoltán András Bán / Language(s): English / Issue: 186/2007

Keywords: the unknown Sándor Márai

Márai’s diaries make it clear that he was familiar with the work of Beckett, in particular with Waiting for Godot. It is, however, unlikely that he had happened upon a copy of the early novel Murphy (if perhaps he had, he would almost certainly have looked on it with some aversion). Yet, the conclusion of Western Patrol: In the Lands of the Declining Sun carries a surprising resemblance to the scene with which Beckett closes his novel, written almost at the same time as Márai wrote his “travelogue novel”. In both, Regent’s Park in London is the setting and in both, the secondary characters are people at leisure, flying kites. In both too, one senses closing time being called, the final farewell. Farewell to Paris and London, farewell to the great scenes of youth, farewell, indeed, to youth itself, farewell to Europe, and farewell to adventure, to happy-golucky scampering hither and thither, to the self-importance of adolescence—this is the fundamental sentiment of Márai’s notes. [...]

President Klaus’ European Manifesto

President Klaus’ European Manifesto

Author(s): John Laughland / Language(s): English / Issue: 06/2013

The publication of the manifesto in September by the former Czech president, Václav Klaus, and signed by various European politicians and academics, which criticised an article by Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the German Green Member of the European Parliament, was not the first occasion the two men have crossed swords. In December 2008, a famously bad-tempered exchange took place between them in Prague Castle, on the eve of the Czech Republic’s assumption of the EU rotating presidency. Klaus was attacked by a trio comprised of Cohn-Bendit, an Irish deputy and Hans-Gert Pöttering, the then president of the European Parliament, for having had contacts with Declan Ganley and his “No to Lisbon” referendum campaign in Ireland in 2008. Klaus responded robustly, accusing Cohn- Bendit of behaving in a manner which reminded him of the Soviets

Chapter 3: The Models of Vision

Chapter 3: The Models of Vision

Author(s): Marina Grishakova / Language(s): English / Issue: 05/2006

Bergson’s investigation into the nature of attention and memory demonstrates that attentive and habitual, that is, creative and automated vision as well as involuntary memory and memorycontraction are two poles of the same process. In modernist art, automated behavior and language, e.g., conditioned perception and linguistic cliché, become transformed by the artist’s creative will. For Bergson, cinema is a highly automated phenomenon, which simulates motion, mechanically gluing together discrete immobile shots (Bergson 1910: 330–333). Bergson uses the cinematography model to describe habitual perception, which unifies fragmentary shots of reality as well. In Nabokov’s novels, optical shifts, polarized or confused vision and other visual disturbances disrupt a predictable course of events and unbalance automatic motion or pre-conditioned behavior of reified characters (see e.g. Burling 1983 on le trompe-l’oeil in Nabokov). The vast class of models of polarized vision includes, first and foremost, a vacillation between the two- and three-dimensionality typical of the film perception.

Impressions of the exhibition in Paris

Impressions de l'exposition parisienne

Author(s): Antun Gustav Matoš / Language(s): French / Issue: 1-2/2002

Keywords: world exhibition in Paris; 1900; modernity; european modernists; Klement Crnčić; modern art; antisemitisme en art; Ante Starčevć; «l’art pour l’art»; «idéalisme»; Bukovac; an «absolute» painter;

Matoš lives in Paris from 1899 to 1994. During the world exhibition of 1900 in Paris he is secretary of the bosnian pavillion and acredited journalist and reports regularily about his impressions on the exhibition for the croatian readers.

The Middle Eastern Media and the Charlie Hebdo Events

The Middle Eastern Media and the Charlie Hebdo Events

Author(s): Paulina Woźniak / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2014

FELICIEN ROPS - FROM ARTISTIC IRONY TO THE CRISIS OF MODERNITY

FELICIEN ROPS – DE L’IRONIE ARTISTIQUE A LA CRISE DE LA MODERNITE

Author(s): Ionel Buse / Language(s): French / Issue: 24/2019

Keywords: Félicien Rops; engraver; painter; irony; decadence; modernity;

The Belgian illustrator, engraver and painter Félicien Rops is an ironic, destructive and evil spirit. His irony is a double irony: an irony of the decadence of a century and at the sametime an author’s self-irony. Our study tries to highlight that his works are creations which hide in their ironic humour a tragic imperceptible which sends to the greatness but especially to the decadence of his century.

HUMOR AND THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF ADVERTISING

HUMOR AND THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF ADVERTISING

Author(s): Odette Arhip,Cristian Arhip / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2019

Keywords: advertising; narrative structure; hero; humor; irony;

Since 1990, the structures used for advertising have been diverse, but they had a closer form to the classic printed publication. The paper presents and comments on the humor of the texts and cartoons that make up an advertising campaign for Connex GSM in the 1990s. Both forms of presentation of mobile phone and its products belonged to Ion Barbu, a talented graphic designer, teacher, laureate of many national and international awards. The familiarization of the consumers with the mentioned product was realized through humorous texts and a caricature type advertisement. The verb-iconic alliance holds a plus-value consisting of humor and analogical representations.

A bear and a clockmaker: on origins of “Russian bear” stereotype in Switzerland in the second half of the 19th century

A bear and a clockmaker: on origins of “Russian bear” stereotype in Switzerland in the second half of the 19th century

Author(s): Magdalena Żakowska / Language(s): English / Issue: Supplement/2020

Keywords: social history; Russia in 19th century; press in Switzerland

The article analyses the specific attitudes of the ‘Russian Bear’ metaphor in the German-language Swiss press in the second half of the 19th century: in the all- European context as well as in the context of its role in building the Swiss national identity. The author has proven that there exists a connection between the Swiss image of Russia and the ‘colonial discourse’ (described by Edward Said) in that period. The article indicates the great role of the ‘bear’ metaphor within the key binary oppositions, distinctive for that discourse: West – East, culture – nature, civilization – barbarity, democracy – despotism. It analyses as well the typical Swiss way of perceiving Russia – through the prism of the ethical discourse, which had enabled the 19th century Helvetians to play the role of ‘Europe’s conscience.’ The author indicates that – while using the ‘Russian Bear’ metaphor – the 19th century Swiss press used to categorize Russia as an antithesis of the countries that personified the main attributes of the culture of the West. While making oppositions between the Russianness and the Germanness the Swiss press was building such oppositions as: order – chaos, creation – destruction, reason – irrationality, self-control – irritability. The ‘Russian Bear’ as a partner of the French Marianne used to personify an antithesis of the French refinement. The ‘Russian Bear’ metaphor compared with the symbol of Helvetia used to serve to build oppositions between the liberal, wealthy, democratic Switzerland and Russia, which was perceived as a severe ‘Eastern despothy’. The paper was originally published as Niedźwiedź i zegarmistrz. U źródeł stereotypu „rosyjskiego niedźwiedzia” w Szwajcarii w drugiej połowie XIX w., “Klio” 2012, vol. 20 (1),pp. 171–200, DOI: 10.12775/KLIO.2012.006.

Bulgaran Calendars (1905, 1906): the Earliest Example of Illustrating Satirical Books in Bulgaria

Милена Георгиева. Календарните сборници „Българан“ (1905, 1906) – най-ранният образец в България за илюстриране на хумористични книги

Author(s): Milena Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

A form of socialisation of Bulgaran group (1904–1909), was their print production – books, collections and calendars of humour and satire as new forms, i.e. the Bulgaran weekly’s supplements alongside the satirical weekly they published in the early twentieth century, where illustrations and cartoons found a niche as a new previously undeveloped art form, striving to present a certain circle of intellectuals to a wider readership. The article particularises in detail the reasons, emergence, design, illustrations, the foreign stylistic parallels and the authorships of two collections of humour and satire with the same title or how the contributing cartoonists made their mark as illustrators and applied graphic designers in the press; it seeks to find parallels with and influences of the produc-tion of the German Simplicissimus magazine, which published such collections of humour and satire and with which these contributing humorists and cartoonists were apparently familiar. It seeks to establish the right context of their making, i.e. the relationship between satirical magazines and book production of similar content, referring the problem also to the inception of modern art in Bulgaria. The relationship between literature and cartoons and illustrations had set a possible pattern for such publications in the future.

Understanding obscenity and offensive humour:

Understanding obscenity and offensive humour:

Author(s): Rohit Revi / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2014

Keywords: obscenity; offensive humour;

Humourisation of the offensive occupies a position of distinctive prominence in our study of how we experience humour. The offensive is often found to be closely linked with obscene expressions and the mind’s response towards them. This correlation between the obscene and the offensive is explored. “Being offended” is treated as a psychological state that comes into being when a sacrosanct mental territory is threatened by external, unsolicited experiences. The function of obscenity in delivering offence is explained through the subversive ability of the obscene in the context of class conflict, anthropomorphisation of obscene words and images and the strengthening of illocutionary acts. The humorous effect of delivered offence is investigated through superiority theory (laughter as dissidence and disobedience), relief theory, Bergson’s mechanical theory and a theory of trivialisation is further proposed.

The Revival of Dutch Nationalist Narratives as a Threat to European Identity

The Revival of Dutch Nationalist Narratives as a Threat to European Identity

Author(s): Kevin Menagie / Language(s): English / Issue: 63/2019

Keywords: The Netherlands; nationalism; Zwarte Piet; Sinterklaas; European identity; United Nations; European Union;

This article analyses the impact of a recent revival of nationalist narratives in The Netherlands on the issue of European identity. In the past decade, a sensitive and very salient debate has risen around the controversial figure of Zwarte Piet, part of a popular national festival called Sinterklaas. The article explains the nature of this tradition and elaborates on the development of the public debate on the topic. By analysing the defensive reaction towards criticism from Dutch action groups, the European Parliament and the United Nations, the article intends to expose an emphasis on nationalist arguments and invented traditions. It is often argued that the debate has already led to an increase in polarization in the country itself, but the article shows that it could also potentially function as a threat to European identity.

Graphics as a part of propaganda and main instrument of creation of the black legend about the Benonites

Grafika jako element walki propagandowej i narzędzie tworzenia czarnej legendy benonitów

Author(s): Paulina Dąbrosz-Drewnowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 18/2020

Keywords: Klemens Hofbauer; Benonites; French revolution; Napoleon; Warsaw Dutchy; propaganda; drawing; etching; iconography; caricature; satire; black legend;

The article presents the history of creation of the Heggir’s drawing or the expulsion of the Benonites from Warsaw which took place 20th June 1808. It’s the only iconographic source of the Redemptorists’ history in Warsaw dating from 1778 to 1808. The drawing is a caricature. It was created by the government to make propaganda. In the article, the caricature is presented by means of a symbol basing on two copies stored in the National Museum in Cracow nowadays. The article describes the role of drawing in spreading the rumour about Benonites among Polish society and in creating the black legend about the Fathers. It had been influencing the literature and historiography for over two centuries. In the article, the history of the copies of the drawing is outlined. The role of Father Bernard Łubieński in saving one of the copies is highlighted.

From a house of the devil to God’s temple – “abrenuntiatio diaboli” and “confessio fidei” in the narrative about the foundation of the bishopric of Albara during the First Crusade in the "Gesta Francorum" and the "Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere"

From a house of the devil to God’s temple – “abrenuntiatio diaboli” and “confessio fidei” in the narrative about the foundation of the bishopric of Albara during the First Crusade in the "Gesta Francorum" and the "Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere"

Author(s): Tomasz Pełech / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2021

Meme Culture and the Joy of Recognition

Meme Culture and the Joy of Recognition

Author(s): Elena Panova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: internet natives; meme; communicator

The twenty-first century gave birth to a new generation of “internet natives” that are actively developing a new form of communication – the laconic semi-visual and semi-verbal tidbits of wit and wisdom known as memes. The study of memes is only just beginning to emerge, mainly in the West, and the ubiquitousness of the phenomenon requires researchers to actively classify the linguistics of meme culture according to its integral semiotic properties and its unique historicity. Memes have become the new form of sharing and togetherness, and to ignore the significance of this phenomenon is to miss the core dynamics of the new generation of communicators.

Kasinec, Rudolf - Šurkala, Ján: Legal Aspects of Censorship in Czecho-Slovak Film in the Era of Normalization

Kasinec, Rudolf - Šurkala, Ján: Legal Aspects of Censorship in Czecho-Slovak Film in the Era of Normalization

Author(s): Marián Šuška / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Censorship; Czecho-Slovak films; right to freedom of expression; socialist regime; communist regime; Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic; book review;

The review of: Kasinec, Rudolf - Šurkala, Ján: Legal Aspects of Censorship in Czecho-Slovak Film in the Era of Normalization, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Law, 2021

VISUALLY CONSTRUCTING EASTERN EUROPE

VISUALLY CONSTRUCTING EASTERN EUROPE

Author(s): Dobrinka Parusheva / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

THE ANTI-PASTORAL AND THE ANTI-GEORGIC TROPES IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S FICTION

THE ANTI-PASTORAL AND THE ANTI-GEORGIC TROPES IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S FICTION

Author(s): Dimitrie Andrei Borcan / Language(s): English / Issue: 21/2020

Keywords: anti-pastoral; anti-georgic; reader trap; anthropomorphism; theriomorphism; phytomorphism; entomomorphism;

The present research presents the anti-pastoral and the anti-georgic tropes as dark modernistic variants of the classical genres. They both belong to dark ecology and to Conrad’s pessimistic outlook of the universe as no shelter for the humans, as a source of reader traps. In the anti-georgic, Conrad depicts both agriculture, mining and navigation as land and sea furrowing, a sin against Gaia that nature punishes.

Book review

Book review

Author(s): Jarno Hietalahti / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023