Dragoljub Todorović, Five Variations оn the book bу Ivan Ivanović (lvan Ivanović, Drainac Between Chetniks and Partizans, Belgrade, 2003) Žika Lazić, Past Without Proof (Predrag Puzić, А Stake for Sense, Belgrade, 2003)
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Keywords: Tito; der Erinnerungsordnung; die Vergangenheitsaufar-beitung; der Antifaschismus; der Anti-Antifaschismus;
Der nachfolgende Beitrag befasst sich mit der veränderten Verhältniss zur Tito nach 1990. in der serbischen Erinnerungskultur, Historiographie und alltäglichen Erinnerungen. Die Diskreditierung des kommunistischen antinationalistischen jugoslawischen Antifaschismus steht im Zentrum revisionistischer Geschichtspolitik. Nach 2000. wurde Tito offiziell als totalitärer Bolschewist und als gefährlicher Internationalist schnell dämonisiert. Tito und Milošević werden dabei unkritisch identifiziert, und der ganze Zeitraum von 1945. bis 2000. wird heute fälschlicherweise als kommunistisch bezeichnet. Im, Gegensatz zur offiziellen Vergangenheitspolitik wird im Alltag der Sozialismus noch immer an der individuellen Lebenssituation mit dem Postsozialismus verglichen und positiv beurteilt. In der offiziellen Erinnerungsordnung und Historiographie sind trotzdem negative Beurteilungen von Tito einflussreich. Der nationalindifferente Kommunismus gilt als der wichtigste Gegenpol zur neuen Identität, die vor allem im Nationalismus verankert ist. Der Sozialismus wird als Feind der Nation denunziert. Das antitotalitäre Denken sieht keine Unterschiede zwischen Tito und Milošević. Demgegenüber in der Erinnnerungen der gewöhlichen Menschen in Serbien (aber auch in Croatien und in Slowenien) Tito und Sozialismus sind heute positiv beurteilt. Die permanente und lange sozioökonomische Krise schaffte eine Art von strukturellen Nostalgie nach vorherigen multinationalen Tito’s Jugoslawien. Die Yugonostalgie hat heute bei den vielen Menschen eine starke titoistische Version.
More...Keywords: Serbian People’s Party; Milan Đukić; Serbian Democratic Party; Croatian War for Independence
This work covers the establishment of the Serbian People’s Party, which occurred in Zagreb in May 1991, and its activity until the end of that same year. This was a time when a considerable portion of the Serbian community in Croatia was involved in a revolt against the Croatian authorities. This revolt was a component of the policies of the then leadership of Serbia headed by Slobodan Milošević, which did not wish to allow Croatia its independence within the borders it had under the Yugoslav federation. Instead, in the case of Croatian independence, parts of its territory in which the Serbs formed a majority or significant share of the population were to remain in a rump Yugoslavia, i.e., in a union with Serbia. Such a policy led to war in the latter half of 1991, during which the Serbian side, with the assistance of the Yugoslav People’s Army, occupied a considerable portion of Croatia’s territory. The establishment and operation of the Serbian People’s Party during 1991 is interesting in the sense that this was a party which intended to represent that part of the Serbian community in Croatia which had remained loyal to its government. The article concludes with a brief overview of this party’s activity during the period from 1992 to 1995.
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Radina Vučetić, KOKA-KOLA SOCIJALIZAM, AMERIKANIZACIJA JUGOSLOVENSKE POPULARNE KULTURE ŠEZDESETIH GODINA XX VEKA (Bojan B. Dimitrijević) - 235 Mari Žanin-Čalić, ISTORIJA JUGOSLAVIJE U 20. VEKU (Stefan Radojković) - 237 PISANA ZAOSTAVŠTINA ACE STANOJEVIĆA. PRILOZI ZA PROUČAVANJE POLITIČKOG DELOVANJA (Miomir Gatalović) - 239 Nikola P. Ilić, INFORMBIRO I INFORMBIROVCI (U LESKOVAČKOM KRAJU) 1948-1956 (Ivan M. Becić) - 241 Milivoje Pajović, Jasmina Nikolić, DVA VEKA VOJSKE U BRANIČEVU (Bojan B. Dimitrijević) - 243 Slavica Popović Filipović, IZ POSTOJBINE JAVORA (Momir Ninković) - 245 Kosta Nikolić, MAČREVOLUCIJE. OZNA U JUGOSLAVIJI 1944-1946 (Miomir Gatalović) - 251
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Keywords: Newspeak; Croatian print media; ideologems; manipulation; mystification; ideology; socialism; liberalism
Newspeak is seen as a sociolect of limited politocracy which aims to take over the func-tions of general language. When (any) government speaks language that favors its inter-ests, it can be said that this is a form of Newspeak. This paper seeks to identify, describe and compare patterns of Newspeak recorded in the Croatian journalism in 1971 and in the present. Newspeak and its basic features can be identified in both periods and it may be concluded that it reflects the force movement of dominant power centers. At the same time, Newspeak actively replicates that power in each period. The change of socio-political system brought new linguistic elements, and the interest of the ruling elite in linguistic hygiene, semantic changes of words and mystification of reality has not diminished at all.
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Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina; 1945; decision on the removal of cemeteries and graves of "occupiers" and "enemies of the people"; communist repression; memoricide;
Duration and intensity of the Second World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the presence of occupying forces of the German Reich and the Kingdom of Italy, the Armed Forces of the Independent Croatian State, as well as actions of Yugoslav monarchists and communists led by partisan movement resulted in direct conflict of the warring parties with large casualties among the soldiers and the population. Irreconcilable ideologies and political and military interests of the opposing sides during the conflict and civil war multiplied human losses.The communist confrontation in Yugoslavia with all actual and presumed adversaries, without distinction, during and especially at the end of the Second World War and the immediate post-war period was massive and relentless.The intention of complete and radical confrontation of Yugoslav communists with the enemy immediately after the Second World War, was based on the decision of the Ministry of the Interior DF Yugoslavia of 18 May 1945 on the removal of cemeteries and graves of the "occupiers" and "enemies of the people", which included the cemeteries and gravestones of soldiers of German, Italian and Hungarian armies, as well as the Ustasha, Chetniks and Slovenian Home Guard. That the decision on the removal of cemeteries and graves of "occupiers" and "enemies of the people" was systematically carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be confirmed by the preserved documents, contemporaries of such events and the state of these cemeteries too. After the Second World War in Yugoslavia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, graves and cemeteries of fallen partisans and the graveyards of the victims of "fascist terror" were protected by law, maintained and embellished, whereas the graves and cemeteries of "enemy soldiers" as well as the graves of "their collaborators" stayed out of such regulations.This continued until the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia.
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Keywords: Večernje novosti; Šumadija; paper; journalists; media professionalism; public relations; regionalization;
Večernje novosti (Evening News), the first evening paper in the former Yugoslavia, formed after the Trieste crisis, in October 1953, the position of the highest circulation daily newspaper has gained by its modern form of expression, but also by plenty of articles that were published in all areas of social life, as well as balanced representation of information from different regions. In early nineties this journal had more than ten issues, with several pages that had contributions from different republics of the country and the most important regions in Serbia. Until 1993, notorious for hyperinflation, this journal featured a regional, „Kragujevac“ page, which gave plenty of information from Šumadija region, especially from Kragujevac, as the center of the sub-region. The circulation, as well as the influence, of Večernje novosti in Šumadija, was far ahead compared to other journals. The period from 2000 to 2010 is analysed in this work, that is 3,580 published issues with 13,070 published reports of all genres referring to the six municipalities in Šumadija and Kragujevac as the center of the region. The absence of analytical texts and reduction the mission of the paper to a mere transfer of statements of the political, economic, sports and other participants in public life is present. This made the newspaper into the service for transmission of the messages and it lost the race with electronic media, which in most cases, broadcast the information a day earlier at least. Based on analysis of the published content, this work presents the projections of growth and stagnation of this journal, which operates in a completely different conditions compared to the time when the audience, back in the 1953, offered an effective reporting form contained in the slogan „quick, short, clear“. Today’s business environment is characterized by intense competition for attracting advertisers, but also for the retention of readers / viewers / listeners. Print media have lost the race from electronic media and from the Internet, as well. Such conditions re-actualize the need of specialization and professionalization of journalists. What they have to do is to interpret social reality, not just to transmit the information, which are increasingly produced by growing PR services.
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Keywords: Serbia; borders; German occupation; Nedi;
The article deals with the delimitation of the territory of Serbia under German occupation during WWII. Although the topic has been dealt with in Serbian and foreign historiography it is far from exhausted. The article reviews geographical, political, economic, strategic, military and other factors that contributed to drawing of Serbia’s borders under German rule.
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Keywords: Archeology; Gračanica; Archeological examinations;
Prirodno-geografski uvjeti gračaničkog kraja izuzetno su povoljni za nastanjivanje i život ljudskih zajednica. Zato je ovaj kraj i bio naseljen još od najranijih vremena. O tome svjedoči veći broj arheoloških nalaza i nalazišta širom tog prostora. Iako je tek manji dio istražen, ipak se, na osnovu rezultata istraživanja u proteklih stotinjak godina najstarija prošlost gračaničkog kraja može osvijetliti barem u okvirnim crtama. Utvrđeni i u stručnoj literaturi evidentirani arheološki lokaliteti postali su poznati uglavnom na osnovu slučajnih nalaza, sačuvanih zahvaljujući savjesnosti pojedinaca koji su o svojim nalazima blagovremeno obavještavali muzejske ustanove i stručnjake. Ovi su potom izlazili na teren radi rekognosciranja, a u nekim slučajevima kasnije su poduzimana i sistematska istraživanja.
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Review of: Zlatko Dukić - Gračanica – općina, grad, ljudi (fotomonografija), pripremili i uredili Atif i Željko Kujundžić,Omer Hamzić i Rusmir Djedović; izdavač Općina Gračanica, 2006. godine Salih Kulenović - Gračanica – općina, grad, ljudi (fotomonografija), pripremili i uredili Atif i Željko Kujundžić,Omer Hamzić i Rusmir Djedović; izdavač Općina Gračanica, 2006. godine Safet Bandžović - Zejćir Hasić - 60 godina od završetka Drugog svjetskog rata: kako se sjećati 1945. godine, Zbornik radova, izd. Institut za istoriju u Sarajevu, Sarajevo 2006, str. 250.Hazim Hodžić, Tajna čarobne kutije (priče i pjesme za djecu), Print- Com d.o.o., Tuzla 2006. Omer Hamzić - Nihad Halilbegović, Bošnjaci u Jasenovačkom logoru, Vijeće kongresa bošnjačkih intelektualaca, Sarajevo 2006. Omer Hamzić - Salih Kulenović, Rusmir Djedović, Edin Mutapčić, Srebrenik - historijsko- etnografske skice, Centar za kulturu Srebrenik, 2006.
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Keywords: Serbian opposition; Real socialism; political pluralism in Yugoslavia; political system in Serbia; SPO; Srpski Pokret obnove; Građanski savez Srbije; DEPOS; Vuk Drašković; Demokratska stranka Srbije;
Ovaj rad posvećenje istoriji srpske opozicije i njenom učešću u „zatvaranju kruga" traumatične slike srpske političke scpne početkom devedesetih godina. Kao i većina drugih radova iz ovog projekta, on je, zbog nepostojanja isto- rijske distance, zasnovan na izvorima drugog reda, pretežno na štampi, pa iz toga proizlaze mnoga ograničenja. Bez izvora prve ruke, bez unutrašnje partijske građe, do- sijea Sjlužbe državne bezbednosti ili, recimo, ličnih beleš- ki najvažnijih protagonista, ne može se ponuditi potpuna slika p najuticajnijim (parlamentarnim) srpskim političkim strankama. Zbog toga ovaj tekst više govori o tome kako su te stranke mogle izgledati u javnosti nego o tome kakvi su se sve procesi dešavali iznutra.
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Reaction/Letter to the editor
More...Keywords: Skender Kulenović;Vuk Kulenović;narrative poem;cantata;Stojanka majka Knežopoljka;
In this paper we look at the cantata Stojanka majka Knežopoljka [Mother Stojanka from Knežopolje], composed by Vuk Kulenović in 1988, based on the famous war narrative poem written by his father Skender Kulenović. We posit that Vuk Kulenović took path of least resistance when composing Stojanka majka Knežopoljka, and instead of composing music that would amplify the expressiveness of his father’s verse, he enveloped them in music that may be complementary to the verse but not immanent to it.
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Keywords: Gračanica; mosques; Pashazade; Stream; Lead; demolition; destruction; People's Committee; Gracanica section; municipality of Gračanica; communism;
Based on the archive material preserved in the Majlis of the Islamic Community in Gračanica, the article discusses the three Gračanica mosques (Pašazade, Potok and Olovija) which were demolished in 1952 and 1953 by order of the local authorities. The Pašazade Mosque was demolished in 1953, due to alleged dilapidation. The Potok Mosque was declared a ruin by the authorities after a request was submitted by the Vakuf Commission and Congregation asking for permission to work on its reconstruction. The Waqf administration tried to protect the Mosque as a cultural and historical monument, but it was demolished in October 1953 by order of the authorities. At the same time a decision was issued to demolish the Olovija mosque. The Harems and cemeteries next to the Pašazade and Olovija mosques were destroyed, and residential building were built on the site of these mosques. The demolition of these three mosques illustrates a very evident prejudice and the ruthlessness of local authorities, which leads to the conclusion that the demolition of these mosques can be seen in a wider context of communist repression of the Islamic community and religious communities in general, which was in full swing during these years.
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Keywords: Gračanica; city; settlement; archaeological sites; random findings; Native Museum Collection; prehistory; antique; middle Ages; Ottoman era;
This paper provides data on new and unpublished archaeological finds originating from the narrower area of Gračanica, and which have been preserved in the holdings of the local museum collection or have been discovered only recently. In 1976, traces of a pottery workshop were discovered in the Riječka neighborhood, a few three legged stands, on the basis of which he items were dated back to antiquity. In the Vuknić area, alongside the hillfort which was already researched, there were accidental finds of fibulae, spears, parts old weapons and a roman coin, most probably the one that can be found in the local museum (a coin of Emperor Maxentius from the beginning of the 4th century). Fragments of medieval pottery from the early and late Middle Ages, as well as granaries for storing grain were found at the Grič site. At the Hurije site there are remnants of an old cemetery and numerous other antiquities, and an earthenware piece dating from Ottoman times. On the nearby hill of Straževac fragments of prehistoric pottery, daub and flints were discovered. At the Bašča site in the Drafnići neighborhood, a large amount of Ottoman era pottery was discovered, as well as pieces of jewelry. Clay water pipes were (the remains of an old waterwork) were excavated in the same neighborhood. Several archeological traces were identified in the narrow settlement area, that is the center of Gračanica. This paper also publishes basic information on several finds from the Middle Ages, primarily the remains of armor, weapons and tools. Although these are accidental finds, for which there are seldomly more information and reliable data, they still indicate an extremely rich archeological picture of the narrower area of the town of Gračanica, testifying to a long continuity of settling.
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Keywords: the Muslim resolutions; Bosnian Muslims; NDH; Ustashas; crimes; law; justice;
Eighty years since their appearance, the Muslim Resolutions of 1941 have not ceased to attract the attention of both professional historians and the wider academic and social public. While some older literature and publicist writing have promoted mostly typical, extra-contextual and emphatically affirmative views on their content, the recent critical historiography has raised many questions about the real substance, meaning and scope of these important historical documents. In this paper, the author seeks to shed light on the broader background of the resolutions, analyzes their content, makes questions about the credibility and sustainability of some of their claims and assesments, deals with the told and unspoken matters in their messages, and portrays the contested views and controversies that have been following the appearance of the Muslim resolutions to the present day.
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Keywords: Ivica Devčić Obalac;
Komunista, izrastao iz redova radničke klase, beskrajno odan Partiji i narodu, jedan od retko obdarenih revolucionara, koji je u sebi sjedinjavao hrabrost sa sposobnostima za predan organizovani rad; ličnost iz koje je zračila snaga, sigurnost, samopouzdanje i vera u ispravnost ideje za koju se bori; omiljeni rukovodilac omladine Beograda i Šumadije, koji je u najtežim uslovima ilegalne borbe dobijao odgovorne funkcije; čovek koji je od 23 godine svoga života skoro jednu deceniju proveo u borbi radničke klase i sagoreo boreći se za oslobođenje zemlje i ciljeve socijalističke revolucije Jugoslavije.
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Keywords: Israel; Yugoslavia; Holocaust; Jews; monuments; memory; World War II
This article will try to examine the phenomenon of memorial forests and its role in the creation of Holocaust memory of the Jewish community in Yugoslavia. Our intention is to present the Yugoslav Jewish tradition of planting memorial forests and analyze its symbolical background. The Martyrs’ Forest in Israel will be used as an example of newly-founded place of remembrance, and considering that, the main aim of the article is to show, in comparison with other examples, what kind of symbolical rituals were used to provide a historical context and legitimacy for new memorials.
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Keywords: Josip Šentija; Croatian language; Yugoslav linguistic unitarism; language policy; Radio Zagreb; Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language; Croatian Spring;
The article discusses the contribution that the journalist, lexicographer and publicist Josip Šentija gave to the affirmation of the Croatian literary language by supporting the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language and by defending it against unitary linguistic and political attacks. It further discusses the suppression of the attempted Serbian language colonization of Radio Zagreb; the harvesting of the first post-declaration fruits manifested in the amended language articles in the 1974 constitutions of Yugoslav republics; the implementation of Art. 138 of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia about language in the third edition of the General Encyclopaedia of the Lexicographic Institute, and the cooperation with Miroslav Krleža and the central editorial board in building an encyclopaedic style and nurturing the Croatian language. Finally, the article analyses Šentija’s modern social democratic political orientation and his clear views of national components in the context of the disintegration of Yugoslavia and of the creation of an independent Croatian state, with an emphasis on Croatian-Serbian relations and on Greater Serbian expansionist programme that was partially founded on Karadžić’s motto “Serbs everywhere”, built around the non-scientific premise about the exclusive Serbianness of the Štokavian dialect.
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