Search results for: Danziger Trilogie in All Content

Polish - German Decade (1980–1990)

Dekada polsko-niemiecka (1980–1990)

Author(s): Zbigniew Gluza / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 39/2003

Keywords: Polish - German relations; politics; 80s; Honecker; Jaruzelski; Mazowiecki; Bartoszewski; Kohl

Most important dates in Polish-German relations of the eighties which present mutual relations between Poles and Germans at the background of the most important events concerning both nations.

Décor of the Artus Court in Gdańsk in the second quarter of the 16th century. A Contribution to the Protestants’ attitude to astrology.

Wystrój Dworu Artusa w Gdańsku z drugiej ćwierci XVI wieku. Przyczynek do stosunku protestantów do astrologii

Author(s): Andrzej Woziński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2011

Keywords: Artus Court; Renaissance; astrology; Lutherans

The décor of the Artus Court was the major artistic project prior to the legalizing of Protestantism in Gdansk. The rich programme combined the traditional Catholic topics, Antique motifs, and images testifying to the reception of Lutheranism. They were composed of the motifs related to the state, province, and the city, religion, civic responsibilities, as well as astrological subjects. Images containing astrological meanings constitute quite a substantial component of the décor. Their even arrangement in the interior turned them into an element integrating all the programme; additionally, astrological motifs appear in several separate enclaves in the décor (personifications of the seven planets of the cornice; the motifs on the capitals which refer to the relation between the universe and man as well as his environment; personifications of Moon and Venus located in the highest section of the stove; Sun and Moon in the late Gothic painting Ship of the Church; the impact of the various arrangements of the celestial bodies on the earth can be found in the late-Gothic painting Siege of Malbork as well as in Holofernes’ Camp and the Siege of Malbork painted by Martin Schoninck). The presence of astrological images deeply rooted in the mediaeval tradition in the interior whose décor conveyed basically Lutheran thought, gives rise to the question to what extent Lutherans were ready to accept topics whose connotations referred to a suspicious, frequently condemned, but generally cultivated knowledge, to numerous abuses, and to what degree they filled them with new meanings. The reformers’ attitude to astrology was not unanimous. Martin Luther did not favour it, meanwhile Philipp Melanchthon, friends with Luther, was of a different opinion with regard to astrology. He was not only a leading figure among the reformers, but also an outstanding personality at Wittenberg University. His assumption was that man being a creation of nature must be subject to the impact of stars which in their turn are subdued to God. As a reformer of the Church he followed the Holy Scriptures, as a reformer of astrology, in turn, he based himself on Ptolemy, while also drawing from Aristotle. At Wittenberg University he attracted quite a number of humanists, doctors, mathematicians, and astronomers who dealt with astrology. He himself and his followers agreed that only a pious scholar was able to read the heavenly signs and comprehend divine providence by means of astrology. The Wittenberg climate favourable to astrology may have affected Gdansk. The bonds between the two cities were quite close and many Gdansk residents, as well as individuals who were to settle later in Gdańsk, such as the Protestant preachers.

The intellectual culture and educational system in Gdańsk in the times of Johannes Hevelius

Kultura umysłowa i szkolnictwo Gdań-ska w czasach Jana Heweliusza

Author(s): Lech Mokrzecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2011

Keywords: Johannes Hevelius; intellectual culture; the Academic Gymnasium of Gdańsk

In the 16th and the 17 th centuries Gdańsk (Danzig) was not only a prosperous emporium and port but also an important centre of culture. The author focuses on educational system in Gdańsk which, according to him, played a meaningful role in development of the intellectual, scientific and artistic life of the town. Gdańsk boasted all kinds of schools that existed at that time. The schools with their diverse syllabuses, prepared their students for jobs in various fields. Modern languages (such as English, Dutch, Spanish and Italian) were on curriculum as their practical knowledge was essential in Gdańsk. Municipal Authorities of Gdańsk promoted the development of printing-houses and bookshops. In 1596 the Library of City Council came into existence. In 1604 postal service was established which created favorable conditions for exchange of scientific and artistic achievements. The author emphasizes that the development of education considerably widened the circle of creators who could reach wider audience in such fields as literature, the fine arts, music and science. The Academic Gymnasium of Gdańsk played a significant part in it.

Quality of Life in Clarksdale Public Housing Before HOPE VI

Quality of Life in Clarksdale Public Housing Before HOPE VI

Author(s): Robin C. Vanderpool,Anita P. Barbee,Ramona Stone,Dana Patrick / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: public housing; case management; quality of life; health; wellbeing

This study is the second article in a series of three papers. While the first introduced the readers to the public housing policies in the United States, the present study describes the characteristics of the residents and of the neighborhood they used to call home. Specifically, we present the baseline evaluation results of the community supportive services (CSS) program provided to the former residents of the Clarksdale public housing development in Louisville, KY. It is a descriptive study of the neighborhood level socioeconomic problems as reflected by the US Census 2000 and of the baseline survey conducted during 2005-2006 with a representative sample of former Clarksdale residents. The purpose of the baseline study is to document the social problems in this neighborhood, and the socioeconomic and health status of the residents. The results serve as a benchmark for the follow-up analyses that will be presented in the third article of this series.

Lippe, the State and Livonia in the Staufer Period: Basic Questions of Their Relation History in 12th and 13th Century. A Book Review

Lippe, das Reich und Livland in der Stauferzeit: Grundfragen ihrer Beziehungsgeschichte im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert. Eine Buchbesprechung

Author(s): Paul Leidinger / Language(s): German / Issue: 11/2008

Keywords: Livonia; medieval history; architecture

The review examines the book "Lippe und Livland. Mittelalterliche Herrschaftsbildung im Zeichen der Rose (Sonderveroffentlichung des Naturwissenschaftlichen und historischen Vereins fur das Land Lippe e. V., vol. 82)" ed. by Jutta Prieur (Bielefeld, 2008), dealing with the medieval history of Livonia.

Europe’s liberal potential over the span of the 20th century

Europas liberale Chance in den Zeitbögen des 20. Jahrhunderts

Author(s): Anselm Doering-Manteuffel / Language(s): German / Issue: 4/2013

Keywords: Liberal Order and Its Counter-forces in the Course of the 20th Century; 1918; 1945; 1989/90 as Breaks in European Political History; Three “epochs” Arching over These Breaks; “Epochs” of Different Social Order

The article presents a model for interpreting European history in the 20th century. On the one hand, it addresses the question of the “liberal chances” experienced by European states and societies from 1900 onward. On the other hand, it questions how to divide this period into epochs on the basis of identifiably different forms of liberal order. It argues that three conflicts structure the history of this century: World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. In each of these conflicts, powers with liberal state systems and economies (Great Britain, USA, and to some extent France) stood in opposition to hostile powers representing other ideologies. Initially, the “enemy” represented models of authoritarian rule with corporative economies (Germany and Austro-Hungary until 1914), then later fascist systems (Germany and Italy), and finally, post-1945, states ruled by the tenets of Bolshevism (the Soviet Union and its East/Central European satellites). In each of these conflicts, the “liberal West” emerged triumphant; with each victory, however, western liberalism itself changed. The century can be divided into three “epochs” in which the struggle to establish social order was shaped by different notions of liberalism and anti-liberalism. The history of Poland after 1945, and particularly since 1980, will be analyzed using this interpretative framework for the 20th century.

Walter Benjamin and the Methodology of Anthropological Materialism: Striking Dialectical Sparks from Ernst Thälmann’s Bronze Head

Walter Benjamin i metodologia antropologicznego materializmu. Krzesanie dialektycznych iskier na metalowej głowie Ernsta Thälmanna

Author(s): Joanna Kusiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2013

Keywords: Walter Benjamin; anthropological materialism; dialectics; dialectical image; city; collective memory; messianism

In his methodology as well as his political thought Benjamin remains faithful to the principle to proceed “always radically, never consistently”. Therefore, the greatest challenge for a contemporary city researcher inspired by Benjamin is to operationalise his materialist methodology. Benjamin’s anthropological materialism cannot be reached within the fixed limits of any discipline, but rather places itself “on the crossroads of magic and positivism” (Adorno); the dialectical image is not a tool of his methodology but its culminating point where positivism turns to magic. To reach this point, Benjamin conducts perceptive and analytical experiments that can be treated as dialectical études, exercises in seeing. The paper examines some of these techniques, exploring their philosophical context and testing them on a contemporary example: the Ernst-Thälmann-Monument in Berlin.

Polish-Sorbian Linguistic Contacts from the 10th/11th Century to the Present

Polnisch-sorbische Sprachkontakte vom 10./11. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart

Author(s): Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Sprache; Kontakte; Polen; Sorben; Geschichte; Upper Lusatia; Lower Lusatia; linguistic contacts;

The oldest Polish-Sorbian contacts go back to 1002–1031, when Bolesław Chrobry annexed the area of present-day Upper and Lower Lusatia to his duchy. In the Middle Ages there was indeed intensive Polish-Lower Sorbian linguistic contact between the Neiße and Bober rivers (also sometimes further east), because the Lower Sorbian and Polish populations overlapped. The so-called Polish linguistic elements in the eastern Lower Sorbian texts of the 16th and 17th centuries could consequently also be elements of a Polish linguistic substratum. Equally, Lower Sorbian elements in a good many Western and Southern Greater Polish dialects are possibly reflexions of a Lower Sorbian substratum. We cannot exclude the possibility that some lexical Germanisms penetrated Old Polish via the Sorbian languages (above all Upper Sorbian), as there were presumably Sorbs amongst settlers from Germany. Polish-Sorbian linguistic contact occurred in the 15th–18th Century between Sorbian and Polish students in Cracow and Leipzig; the Polish lectors at Leipzig University also had links with Sorbs. When Samuel B. Linde included Pan-Slav “neologisms” in his dictionary he took into account Sorbian vocabulary as well. There are more than 300 lexical Polonisms in Upper Sorbian dictionaries and works on Sorbian studies, of which around 50 were for a time present in Upper Sorbian, but today there are at the most 20 lexemes of Polish origin in common use. Only a few Polonisms came into Lower Sorbian – via Upper Sorbian.

French prisoners of war and the Polish people. Brotherhood, experience, testimonies

Francuscy i polscy jeńcy wojenni. Braterstwo doświadczeń i świadectwa

Author(s): Jean-Louis Panné / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2005

In 1940, a significant number of French prisoners got in touch with Polish soldiers, themselves prisoners, or with Polish civilians with whom they mixed in the “kommandos” to which score of them were dispersed. Those forced encounters influenced the way the two nationalities perceived each other, and the spiritual brotherhood, born under arms, lasted after the defeat. With the advance of the Soviet army, French and Polish prisoners had shared common experience. If the stories of the ex-POWs returning to France were ignored, contained or scorned owing to the political and social strength of the French Communist Party, the fact remains, nevertheless, that this moment of shared history Polish and French provided a basis for the profound sympathy that links the two nations.

The reuse of a desirable past: medieval, modern and contemporary snap-shots of a monarch

Refacerea trecutului dorit: ipostaze medievale, moderne şi contemporane ale unui monarh

Author(s): Alexandru Simon / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 50/2011

Keywords: Matthias Corvinus; Hungary; Walachia and Moldavia; House of Habsburg; Hunyadi Family

D'origine humile de progenie de Valacchia, as contemporary Venetian records put it, Matthias Corvinus had not only risen to the Hungarian throne, but had also claimed a spot in the center of European political attention. A certain fascination, developed afterwards into certain hate or admiration, marked his reign and his story (little room was left for indifference, although several contemporaries attempted to play it that way, the safe way in relation to the troubles involved by the actions and the legacy of the son of Christian hero John Hunyadi). In the early 1490s, Hungary felt increasingly the pressure put on her by Matthias Corvinus' rule and death. The expenses of his diplomacy and army, as well as the costs of his humanist endeavors, that had made his library the second largest in the world at that time, had brought the realm and the court to the point where it was rumored that king Matthias' burial could not be paid for. Eventually this was not the case. Humanist phrases and Jagellonian failures kept Matthias glory alive even over the next years. On Walachian, "(re)turned" Romanian, soil this was hardly the case, namely in the last two centuries.

Reviews

Comptes rendus

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Multiple languages / Issue: 3-4/2005

Keywords: reviews

Otfried Höffe (hrsg.), "Aristoteles-Lexikon", by Elisabeth Schmit (german) Vasile Muscă, "Discurs despre filosofie", by Alexander Baumgarten (german) Guy Bouchard, "Les bœufs bipèdes. La théorie aristotélicienne de l'esclavage et ses interprètes francophones", by Adela Cîmpean (english) Jean-Marc Narbonne, "Lévinas et l'héritage grec", Wayne Hankey, "Cent ans de néoplatonisme", by Dan Săvinescu (german) Jean-Marc Narbonne et Alfons Reckermann, "Pensées de l'«Un» dans l'histoire de la philosophie. Études en hommage au Professeur Werner Beierwaltes", by Dan Săvinescu (german) Oya Erdogans, "Wasser - Über die Anfänge der Philosophie", by Alina Noveanu (german) Cătălin Partenie (ed.), "Plato. Selected Myths", by Andrei Bereschi (english)

Notes in the old inventory books of the Teutonic Order, among others about the resources of arsenals and of other warehouses in the Teutonic castles on the Prussian-Mazovian border from the 14th to the 16th century.

Zapiski w dawnych księgach inwentarzowych zakonu krzyżackiego m. in. o zasobach arsenałów i innych magazynów na zamkach krzyżackich na granicy prusko-mazowieckiej od XIV do XVI w.

Author(s): Joanna Elżbieta Śliczyńska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Teutonic castles; Prussia; wrestling; military; production; economy; 14th –16th century;

The chateau complexes, both those at the border with Masovia as well as others, in the depths of the Teutonic State in Prussia, were primarily defensive buildings, but also had administrative, economic, production, processing and storage facilities, and also military warehouses for the local members of the convention (knights) and armaments with military intervention equipment that could come to the castle from other nearby castles, or for the armies) and use those stocks for further warfare. There was a very strong connection between the castle's operation (here on the border with the Duchy of Masovia), the infrastructure in that economic and military castle complex, its reserves and the role it played in the defense system of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and its economic potential resulting from the economic and conglomerate infrastructure and stored any stock.

Mapping the History of Sociology: Places, Positioning, Dominance and Marginality in an Emerging Discipline

Mapping the History of Sociology: Places, Positioning, Dominance and Marginality in an Emerging Discipline

Author(s): Christoph Reinprecht,Nora Walch,Jiří Šubrt / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: history of sociology; sociology in Austria; Vienna; empirical sociology; marginalization; social field of science; position, place; localization; network

The paper is a contribution to a sociological reading of a decisive moment in the history of Austrian and Viennese sociology: the early 20th century. In this early period of its establishment, the Austrian (and especially Viennese) sociology is known for its intellectual vitality, the diversity of its competing circles, its methodological innovations. At the same time, sociology appeared as a highly fragmented scientific field with dominant strands, today on the fringes of the discipline, and with peripheral and marginalized trends and positions, appreciated today as pioneers of modern sociology. By applying a topographic approach, the paper elaborates specific characteristics of this field, including the different degree of institutionalization in and outside the Universities, in connection with political and ideological struggles for discursive hegemony, or the deep gap between theoretical and empirical approaches, related to the effects of multidimensional and intersectional marginalization on protagonists of the sociological field who are today recognized as important innovators. With its focus on the material dimension of knowledge production and its particular attention to places and the localization of actors, methods, and thoughts, and the related (unequal) positions in the social field of science, the paper aims to contribute to a critical understanding of processes of marginalization as a constitutive, and driving, element in science history.

The cultural and religious conditions for shaping the national identities of Pomeranian families in the 19th and early 20th centuries – an outline of the issues

Kulturowe i religijne uwarunkowania kształtowania tożsamości narodowych pomorskich rodzin w XIX i w początkach XX wieku – zarys problematyki

Author(s): Paweł ŚPICA / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: national identity; family; multiculturalism; Vistula Pomerania; West Prussia

Aim: The aim of the article is to show the cultural and religious conditions of shaping the national identities of Pomeranian families in the 19th and the beginning of the twentieth century and the often complex choices of their members’ identity. Methods: The article was written in the field of historical and educational research. Critical analysis of sources was the main method used by author. Results: As a result of the conducted research, it was possible to show the dynamics of changes in the understanding of national identities by people of various social strata and ethnic groups in Vistula Pomerania in the 19th and early 20th century.Conclusions: In the 19th and early 20thcenturies the Vistula Pomerania was inhabitedby German, Polish and Kashubian populations. In connection with the borderland character of this region, the local community often faced serious dilemmas regarding the determination of its own identity (including national identification). Until the nineteenth century, social identification was very often shaped through the prism of religious differences. These differences still had a significant impact on the functioning of local families in Pomerania in the first half of the nineteenth century. The religious differences were used to achieve national goals in the second half of nineteenth century by political and opinion-forming circles. The national consciousness of Pomeranian families was shaped in the context of actions taken by Prussian authorities and the Polish national movement.

Chief Inspector Dreyfus’ Lost Journeys. The Czech-British Actor Herbert Lom as a Target of the ‘Hunters of the Reds’ as Well as of the Czechoslovak Intelligence Services

Zmařené cesty šéfinspektora Dreyfuse. Česko-britský herec Herbert Lom v hledáčku „lovců rudých“ i československých zpravodajských služeb.

Author(s): Zdeněk Bauer / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 02/2019

Keywords: Herbert Lom; intelligence services

Herbert Lom made his name in world cinematography as the most successful Czech-born actor. Compared to his other fellow countrymen, he earned the most through filmmaking. Unlike others, he actually made his way to Hollywood. He became world famous playing the character of the mad Inspector Dreyfus in the Pink Panther series. When he died on 27 September 2012, the news was spread by virtually every major news agency around the world. However, he was also an artist who for a certain time fell hostage to complicated international policy. He was the focus of attention by the intelligence services from the West and from the East.

Profiles of the executioners in Radogoszcz prison in the light of the eye-witnesses relations

Sylwetki oprawców więzienia na Radogoszczu w świetle relacji naocznych świadków

Author(s): Karol Jadczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 103/2019

Keywords: prison on Radogoszcz; Józef Heinrich „Józio”; „Bloody Józio”; Józef Flescher „Rolled”; Bruno Mathäus vel Matuszewski „paramedic Mateusz”

The place, that played a significant role in German extermination plans of inhabitans of Lodz and lodzko-kaliski region was a prison on Radogoszcz, localized at the suburbs of the city, in the former textile factory, placed at the junction of Sowinskiego and Zgierska street. The crew of the prison in Radogoszcz consisted of several dozen of wachmans, who with a few exception behave in extremely sadistic way, beating and victimizing prisoner. In addition to commander of the prison Walter Pelzhausen, two commanders of the wachts: Józef Heinrich „Józio”, „Bloody Józio” and Józef Flescher „Rolled” as well as pseudo-doctor Bruno Mathäus vel Matuszewski called by prisoner „paramedic Mateusz” were leaders in ruthless practise. These three members of the crew in Radogoszcz prison used to treat prisoners in an extremally merciless way. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, the author presented a history of the Radogoszcz prison, in the second part he introduced the prison crew, and in the last part, he portrayed the three greatest torturer in Radogoszcz prison, basing on relations of former prizioners. The key source material was handwritten and published memories and relations of prisoners made during the investigation carried on by Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, placed in Archive of Institute of National Remembrance Division in Łódź.

,Berlinkaʻ – a special Polish-German site of memory

‚Berlinka‘. Ein besonderer deutsch-polnischer Erinnerungsort

Author(s): Jakub Gortat / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2017

„The last German POW“, „bone of contention“, „the last unresolved dispute between Germany and Poland“, „looted art“. The treasures of the former Prussian State Library, which since the end of the Second World War have been kept in some Polish libraries, mainly in Krakow, have often been described in a belligerent or highly emotive way. The significance of the Berlinka for European cultural heritage enables us to use a much subtler and more modern term: the precious works are a unique German-Polish memory space.

Scarcity as a Desirable Attribute of Luxury Fashion Brands in Millennial Marketing

Scarcity as a Desirable Attribute of Luxury Fashion Brands in Millennial Marketing

Author(s): Javier F. de la Ballina,Isabel de la Ballina / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: marketing; scarcity; luxury; millennials; experimental design;

Purpose – Marketing literature considers scarcity a mechanism that increases the desirability of the offer and an inherent attribute of luxury products. This market needs to capture the millennial segment. The objective of this paper is to develop a proper scarcity strategy to be used when connecting luxury brands to millennials. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study based on an experimental design was carried out to test the effect of each of the strategies (second line, my luxury, or exclusive selection of cheaper products) on different dimensions of how millennials perceive luxury brands (refinement, elitism, and hedonism), looking for causality relationships. Findings – The hedonism factor, closely connected with purchase experience, seems to be the most valuable for millennials and best encouraged by the second line strategy. In this way, luxury brands draw millennials into their market in a natural way, through an accessible price. But the second line strategy could imply a process of brand devaluation for the traditional customer base. Limitations – The difference in the results obtained using the “current shopping intention” and “future shopping intention” variables deserves more attention. Different ways of measuring future shopping intention could be applied to test the effects on the results. Originality/value – A different methodology, that is, an experimental study is presented to compare marketing strategies in the luxury market. In this way, a better relationship between exclusivity and the needs of millennials can be established as regards their attraction to luxury brands.

The possession of the Marienkirche in Hermannstadt around the middle of the 15th century

Der Buchbesitz der Marienkirche in Hermannstadt um die Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts

Author(s): Adinel C. Dincă / Language(s): German / Issue: _/2018

Keywords: Marienkirche; Hermanstadt; 15th century; Sibiu; Southern Transylvania;

Einer der reichestannotierten Bände aus der Bibliothek von Johann (János) Vitéz (ca. 1408-1472), dem bedeutenden Humanisten und Prälaten aus dem Umkreis des ungarischen Königs Matthias Corvinus (1458-1490), ist der Cod. Lat. 370 (Victorinus: Commentarii in Ciceronis librum de inventione), heute aufbewahrt in der Széchényi-Nationalbibliothek (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár) Budapest. Dem Kolophon dieser Handschrift zufolge hatte der Gelehrte Vitéz den Kodex im September des Jahres 1462 in Hermannstadt im südlichen Siebenbürgen gelesen und eigenhändig kommentiert.

Franciszek Lilius’ musical output and its dissemination in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

Franciszek Lilius’ musical output and its dissemination in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

Author(s): Marek Bebak / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Lilius - reception - early music - Polish music

Franciszek Lilius (Francesco Gigli) was one of the most prominent composers of the 17th century Poland, a pedagogue, poet and the director of music in Cracow’s Cathe-dral between 1630–1657. Having being raised in an Italian family which cherished a musical tradition and also having being a student of Girolamo Frescobaldi between 1624–1625 in Rome, Lilius quickly became a valued figure in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The musical output of Franciszek Lilius includes at least ninety-five compositions, but only one third of it survived today. The available sources tell us the musical pieces were known and performed not only during the composer’s life but also after his death, during the 17th and 18th century. The goal of this article is to show that Franciszek Lilius’ music did exist in the Cracow musical circles (Wawel castle bands, the band belonging to Carmelites at Piasek), as well as other cities in former Poland (Gdańsk, Sandomierz, Przemyśl, Drohiczyn, Lviv, Vilnus), Silesia (Wrocław), Duchy of Prussia (Königsberg), in the area now belonging to Slovakia (Podolinec), as well as the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.