Search results for: Danziger Trilogie in All Content

Strategies of Privatisation in ČSFR, Esat Germany, Poland and Hungary. A comparative View

Privatisierungsstrategien in der ČSFR, Ostdeutschland, Polen und Ungarn. Ein Vergleich

Author(s): David Stark / Language(s): German / Issue: 03/1992

Keywords: Strategies of Privatisation ; ČSFR ; Esat Germany : Poland and Hungary; Privatisierungsstrategien ; Ostdeutschland; Polen ; Ungarn

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die unterschiedlichen Privatisierungsstrategien in vier osteuropäischen Wirtschaftssystemen, die gegenwärtig den Übergang aus dem Staatssozialismus vollziehen: Tschechoslowakei, Ungarn, Polen und die ehemalige DDR. Ich möchte ein analytisches Modell einführen, das die besonderen Merkmale der in diesen vier Fällen gewählten Privatisierungsstrategien aufzeigen soll, wobei es mir nicht um ein allgemeines Modell der Privatisierung geht, vor dessen Hintergrund sich die behandelten Wirtschaften nur graduell unterscheiden würden, sondern um einen Rahmen zu komparativen Zwecken Welche Faktoren bieten sich für einen Vergleich dieser vier Fälle an? Ich schlage ein dreidimensionales Kategoriensystem vor, das folgende wesentliche Aspekte der osteuropäischen Privatisierungsprogramme erfaßt: 1. Wie wird der Wert der Staatsunternehmen ermittelt? 2. Wer kann Anteile an diesen Firmen erwerben? 3. Aus welchen Ressourcen werden die Anteile envorben?

Politik und Demokratie in Polen heute

Politik und Demokratie in Polen heute

Author(s): Paweł Śpiewak / Language(s): German / Issue: 20/2000

Keywords: Demokratie ; Polen

Leben wir nicht in einem demokratischen Land? In Polen wird regelmäßig gewählt, Wahlbetrug ist die Ausnahme, es gelten die üblichen Standards der Freiheit, man kann jeder beliebigen Partei beitreten, die Bürger können sich in Vereinen organisieren oder eine Zeitschrift ins Leben rufen. Aber das alles ändert meine Einschätzung der polnischen Demokratie nicht. Wir Polen, jedenfalls die meisten von uns, interessieren uns nicht für die aktuelle Politik, es sei denn, sie betrifft uns unmittelbar in Form eines neuen Gesetzes oder einer neuen Regelung. Wir fühlen uns im Parlament nicht repräsentiert, doch wir identifizieren uns auch mit keinem größeren Kollektiv, dessen Bestrebungen und Interessen wir als die unseren anerkennen würden. Wir haben ein kritisches Verhältnis zur polnischen Demokratie, aber wir sehen auch keinen Bedarf für umfassende Änderungen. Eines wissen wir genau: Unser tägliches Auskommen und unsere Zufriedenheit hängen in Wirklichkeit nur von unseren eigenen Möglichkeiten ab, und die haben überhaupt nichts mit dem zu tun, womit sich die Politiker befassen.

Was tun mit der kommunistischen Vergangenheit?: Polen

Was tun mit der kommunistischen Vergangenheit?: Polen

Author(s): Andrzej Paczkowski / Language(s): German / Issue: 22/2002

Keywords: kommunistischen Vergangenheit; Polen; 1981-1989

Einer der wesentlichen Faktoren für einen erfolgreichen Übergang von autoritären Systemen zu einer stabilen Demokratie ist das Verhältnis zum Ancien regime.! Es bewegt die Bürger und löst heftige Debatten und Polemiken unter den politischen und intellektuellen Eliten aus. Das heißt nicht, dass die Vergangenheit das wichtigste Thema wäre oder die größte Aufmerksamkeit auf sich zöge: Arbeiter, denen die Entlassung drohte, haben wiederholt gewaltsam vor dem Sitz der Regierung demonstriert und sich Schlachten mit der Polizei geliefert, Bauern an den Grenzbahnhöfen Hunderte Tonnen Importgetreide aus den Waggons gekippt, Abtreibungsgegner monatelang unermüdlich vor dem Parlament Mahnwache gehalten. Demgegenüber gibt es bisher nur einen Fall eines individuellen Versuchs der »Abrechnung mit der Vergangenheit«: Ein Bauer, der in den Jahren 1981-1989 aus politischen Gründen schikaniert worden war, warf einen Stein auf General Jaruzelski, als dieser in einer Veranstaltung sein Buch signierte, in dem er die Verhängung des Kriegszustandes rechtfertigt.

The politics of memory and identity and (un)desired historical heritage: The case of Gdańsk (and Danzig)

Polityki pamięci i tożsamości wobec (nie)chcianego dziedzictwa. Od Gdańska do Gdańzigu

Author(s): Małgorzata Dymnicka,Jakub Szczepański / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: memory and narratives; identity; urban policies; mythological construction; Gdańsk

This article addresses the question: How have the politics of memory, collective memory, and historical culture influenced the shaping of a city’s urban space and image? The analysis carried out so far shows that the way in which narratives have been thought to build identity has been based on mythological constructions, in particular on the myth of the sixteenth and seventeenth century “Golden Age” in Poland. In Gdańsk, due to its rich historical past and the fact it was a place marked by the coexistence of different nations and cultures, many identities have been superimposed. This city myth, which has been present for 200 years, is still alive in the idea of a “long duration” and coexists with changing concepts postulating the image of the city and its historical culture. The same architectural forms and works of art have been interpreted by historians and architects and used by local authorities – according to their political needs – to legitimize often contradictory theses about the Germanness, Polishness or Europeanness of Gdańsk. In the public discourse on the memory and identity of contemporary Gdańsk, multiple paradigms appear to dominate, irrespective of the authenticity of the material and cultural heritage. Metaphoric images encoded in language are used when stating, for example, that “Gdańsk is a multicultural city, the city of freedom and solidarity.” The important questions for us are: What happens to the memory of the past in the contemporary culture of Gdańsk? How is it remembered? And what is remembered? What role in this process is played by the actual history (res gestae) and the way it is presented (historia rerum gestarum)? Not all of the content in communicative memory is stored in cultural memory, but in the case of Gdańsk, a city with a thousand-year tradition, only selected symbolic figures play an active part in the construction of collective identity.

The Hampels. Love in the shadow of Nazism

Małżonkowie Hampel. Miłość w cieniu nazizmu

Author(s): Grzegorz Berendt / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 35/2015

Keywords: Dorothea Hampel; Heinz Hampel; Sopot; Free City of Gdańsk

Dorothea Schalit, a Jewish girl, and Heinz Hampel, a Protestant, met in Sopot (Zoppot), then a town incorporated into the Free City of Gdańsk (Danzig), in the 1920s. They got married and were active in the leftist and democratic circles. After 1933, when the municipal authorities became dominated by the Nazis, the Hampels did not leave the Free City. Despite the increasing pressures and insults from the NSDAP members, Heinz Hampel refused to divorce Dorothea. Owing to their courage and the aid from few friends, the couple managed to survive in Sopot and in March 1945 saw the Red Army enter the town. They lived there until 1950 when they decided to emigrate to Israel. Till their death they stayed in Jerusalem. The presented text consists of a historical introduction written by Grzegorz Berendt and the report of the Hampels on their life in Sopot prior to the entry of the Russian army into the city. The said report was incorporated into the collections of Yad Vashem Institute, the Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority.

10 Years in a Chronicle of News (the Year 1989)

10 Jahre Nachrichtenchronik 1989-1999 (das Jahr 1989)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 20/1999

Characteristic of in-work poverty – a comparison between Romania and European Union

Characteristic of in-work poverty – a comparison between Romania and European Union

Author(s): Mihaela Ghenţa / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: labour market, in-work poverty

The aim of this article is to analyse the characteristics of the working poor in Romania compared to other European Member States. In-work poverty is an important aspect in the discussions regarding the effectiveness of employment in preventing the risk of poverty. The in-work poverty is the result of several factors among which we mention those related to the individual characteristics, household composition, and labour market policies. In Romania, the level of in-work poverty continues to remain high for the overall employed population aged 18 years and over and this evolution is due to the part-time working program, the temporary contracts, and the low level of education. The last part of the article presents the measures identified in the scientific literature to reduce the in-work poverty.

Remarks on the problem of the Baltic place names west of the Vistula

Bemerkungen zur Problematik der baltischen Ortsnamen westlich der Weichsel

Author(s): Darius Ivoška / Language(s): German / Issue: 74/2016

Keywords: onomastics; place name; personal name; field name; etymology;

The question of the boundaries of the area inhabited by the Balts remains the topic which brings the specialists of different areas, especially historians, linguists and archaeologists, into a discussion. The attempts to identify the exact borders of the non-existing Baltic tribes are only based on modest language testimonials of the nation and archaeological findings by interpreting and evaluating the abundance of scientific works related to them. The article aims at presenting original facts of onomastics, in other words, new oikonyms as well as new variants of the already discussed toponyms which can provide new information for the research related to the area inhabited by the Baltic nations westwards from the Vistula river.

The Development of Pisa Reading Competence in Secondary Education

Razvoj PISA čitalačke kompetencije u srednjem obrazovanju

Author(s): Vitomir Jovanović,Aleksandar Baucal / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: PISA; reading literacy; progress in reading literacy; school achievement; correlates of academic achievement;

The aim of the paper is to provide a contribution to answering the question about the most important predictors of progress in reading competence achieved by students after two years of secondary education, as well as whether the set of predictors of progress is different from the set of predictors of achievement in reading literacy test and school achievement measured via school grades. The students from the sample for the PISA 2009 study conducted in Serbia were tested again after two years by the PISA reading literacy test, quasi longitudinally, measuring achievement correlates at another time point. The realised sample included 20 secondary schools and 446 students. We selected fourteen predictors that, according to the studies so far, proved to have highest correlations with school achievement. The results have shown that the predictors explain only 13% of variance of the progress in reading literacy test (R=.36; R2 =.13; F197,18=12.97; p

Turn Thanks to the Garden! Transmitting the Heritage of the Treasures from the Vegetable-garden and the Orchard in Jamaican Author Lorna Goodison

Turn Thanks to the Garden! Transmitting the Heritage of the Treasures from the Vegetable-garden and the Orchard in Jamaican Author Lorna Goodison

Author(s): Nicole Ollier / Language(s): English,French / Issue: 22/2017

Keywords: hero; anti-hero; debunking; iconic; contemporary culture

The Caribbean era was historically marked by suffering: colonization, the attempt to eradicate autochthonous populations, the enslavement of Africans, followed by the importation of indentured workers from India an Asia, left indelible traces. They also gave way to cultural cross-breeding, perceptible in cooking, which is born in the fields, but mostly in the orchards and vegetable gardens, the means of survival of the family – the higglers selling their extra crops on markets. The mountainous landscape of Jamaica favoured maroon slaves, and resistance for the Tainos who were able to endure, where settlers thought they had decimated them. The economic exile toward the city severely struck the countryside, creating a double culture. However the link of food kept them attached to the mother-earth, cultivated the satisfaction of the senses, and the cohesion of the family, through generations. Lorna Goodison’s work is saturated by the presence of food and its hedonist, sensuous reading can be done through: 1) a cultural way of cooking according to social class, opposing the subalterns to the gentrified class ; the stingy, selfish cooks and those with a sense of solidarity; 2) a motherly way of cooking calling for childhood savours and underlining a gendered fracture 3) a ritual cooking for love, celebration and death, and eventually 4) an oral pleasure which identifies the fruit of innocence of the original garden to poetry, the supreme pleasure that can be transmitted by the nourishing mother.

Reflections on Concept, Structure and Content of a Dialect Book About German as a Minority Language in Hungary

Überlegungen zu Konzept, Struktur und Inhalt eines Ungarndeutschen Dialektbuchs

Author(s): Csaba Foldes / Language(s): German / Issue: 26/2017

Keywords: dialect; bilingualism; language contacts; German as a minority language in Hungary; Danube Swabians

The paper outlines the objectives, structures and contents as well as the current state of the research project “Digital Portal ‘Bilingual and Language Contact Corpus of German as a Minority Language in Hungary’”, which is currently being edited at the Department of Germanic Linguistics at the University of Erfurt. It is about a variational and contact linguistic research and documentation of authentic spoken-language material in the field of German as a minority language in Hungary (key word: “Danube Swabians”). Against the background of the general project presentation the essay focuses on a dialect book about German as a minority language in Hungary, which – or at least its concept – is to be one of the results of this project.

Preliminary Phytochemical and Biological activities on Russelia juncea Zucc

Preliminary Phytochemical and Biological activities on Russelia juncea Zucc

Author(s): Maryam Bibi,Muhammad Khurm,Muhammad Shahzad Aslam,Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad,Muhammad Naeem Qaiser,Sajid Nawaz Hussain,Bashir Ahmad Chaudhry,Muhammad Uzair,Khalid Hussain Janbaz,Samina Afzal,Muhammad Umer Ghori / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Russelia juncea; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; insecticidal activity; antiglycation activity; leishmanicidal activity; cytotoxicity; phytotoxicity;

Objective: To probe the ethnomedicinal claims of Russelia juncea Zucc. (Plantaginaceae) as prescribed traditionally in the folklore history of medicines. Methods: The dichloromethane and methanol extracts of aerial parts and roots were examined for antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiglycation, insecticidal, leishmanicidal, cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities. Different phytochemical tests were also performed to confirm the presence of various groups of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids. Results: Phytochemical screening of this plant confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids. Antibacterial activity was only shown by RJRD with 80% inhibition at the concentration of 150μg/ml against Shigella flexneri. Among the tested samples, RJAM and RJRM displayed significant radical scavenging activity up to 93% and 89% with IC50 values of 184.75 ± 4.05μM and 263.01 ± 9.36μM. The significant antiglycation potential was exhibited by RJAD, RJAM and RJRM with 55.35%, 62.25% and 59.22% inhibition and IC50 values of 0.84 ± 0.08mg/ml, 1.37 ± 0.15mg/ml and 1.52 ± 0.10mg/ml respectively. Moderate leishmanicidal activity was exposed by RJAD and RJRM with IC50 values of 73.04 ± 1.05μg/ml and 77.66 ± 0.23μg/ml while RJAM was found to be more potent and exposed significant leishmanicidal activity having IC50 of 48 ± 0.39μg/ml. However, prominent cytotoxic activity was displayed by RJRM with 66.08% inhibition and IC50 of 31.20 ± 3μg/ml. Non-significant antifungal, insecticidal and phytotoxic activities were demonstrated by all the tested samples. Conclusion: All the above contributions give serious attentiveness to scientists to isolate and purify the biologically active phytoconstituents by using advanced scientific methodologies that serve as lead compounds in the synthesis of new therapeutic agents of desired interest in the world of drug discovery.

Recount to rebuild: on some aspects of the recent Polish urban prose.

Raccontare per ricostruire. Su alcuni aspetti della recente prosa urbanistica polacca

Author(s): Dario Prola / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 8/2017

Keywords: Urban literature; genius loci; postmodernism; Polish literature after 1989;

The article focuses on some aspects of city space in novels and tales of Polish writers (Huelle, Chwin, Kowalewski, Krajewski) debuting at the end of the 1980s. The works analyzed can be included in the typological category of so-called urban prose (proza urbanistyczna) since architectural background is strongly emphasized in their literary world in order to achieve maximum spatial realism through the detailed description of specific places. The article aims to define how the literary description of cities that have become part of the Polish state since World War II follows a broader project of historical-cultural roots and city genius reconstruction.

The 1614 Statutes of Thorner Surgical Guild and the 1617 Charter od Thorner Guild-like Surgical Apprentices’ Fraternity. The Edition of Primary Sources

Thorner Barbierer Rolle. Ao. 1614 und Barbierer-Gesellen Satzungen. Ao. 1617. Eine Quellenedition

Author(s): Katarzyna Pękacka-Falkowska / Language(s): German / Issue: 4/2015

Keywords: history of surgery (17th c.); guild system (17th c.); Royal Prussia (17th c.);

The establishment of surgical guilds in various towns and cities of east and central Europe was characteristic of a move throughout those territories in the 16th to 17th centuries to organize surgeons into professional bodies and to distinguish them from unorganized practitioners, e.g. barbers, quacks and itinerant operators on bladder stones, herniae and cataracts, that provided more of the surgical care of former times. One of the city ordinances dealing with the regulation of local surgery was the charter of surgeons’ guild and guild-like surgical apprentices’ fraternity of Thorn in Royal Prussia. The paper offers a vast edition of primary source documents that provided the organizational framework of both institutions.

IN THE HOMES OF TOWNSMEN FROM THE OLDEN TIME. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF TOWN HOUSES IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TIMIŞOARA

IN THE HOMES OF TOWNSMEN FROM THE OLDEN TIME. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF TOWN HOUSES IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TIMIŞOARA

Author(s): Sandra Hirsch / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Timișoara; eighteenth century; urban housing; domestic sphere; inventories.

Research on urban habitation can reflect various and sundry aspects. This study aims to undertake an analysis of the houses of Timişoara’s eighteenth-century residents from a micro-historical perspective. Using methods of cultural and social history and examining archival documents such as inventories and wills, we shall try to find out what a house looked like inside, what decorations or furniture garnished the rooms, what activities the household members fancied, which kind of food or clothing was available for them, etc. The article starts by presenting a general frame of the living conditions in this Habsburg fortress, followed by details of the townspeople’s private life. In order to do that, we highlight the association of several types of sources, but also the way information about assets appears in documents. From poorer inventories to the most complex wills, the sources cover a wide range of subdomains of the so-called "la petite histoire". Through the three case studies presented here, we shall attempt to understand if living in the town by the Bega resembled habitation conditions in Early Modern Europe, and whether Timişoara’s dwellers were aware of what was in fashion on the rest of the continent. The analysis of the three examples starts by exploring the location of the house and continues with considerations on its internal structure, its landlords/ tenants and the description of the goods. The images resulting here provide an unexpected and vivid introspection into the domestic sphere three hundred years ago.

Gdansk Literature Postcolonially? Nations and History

Literatura gdańska. Narody i historia

Author(s): Mieczysław Dąbrowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 8/2017

Keywords: comparative literature; Gdansk literature; postcolonialism; post-dependence; polemics; memory

The article analyzes the so-called Gdansk literature of three authors: Günter Grass, Stefan Chwin and Paweł Huelle in the context of postcolonial theory. It also refers polemically to the concept of post-dependence, indicating its infantile formula of memory as well as its limited cultural and political background.

JOHN WILKINS' ESSAY (1668) AND THE "LONDON BIBLE"

JOHN WILKINS’ ESSAY (1668) UND DIE ‘LONDONER BIBEL’

Author(s): Anna Helene Feulner / Language(s): German / Issue: 19/2017

Among the text samples from foreign languages in his Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (1668), John Wilkins prints an Old Lithuanian Lord’s prayer whose source is unknown. According to Andreas Müller (1680) it was taken from the ‘London Bible’, i.e., Samuel Bogusław Chyliński’s Old Lithuanian Bible translation of which only a part of the Old Testament had ever been printed (1660–1662). A comparison of Wilkins’ text, here edited for the first time, with all relevant Lithuanian versions of the Lord’s Prayer shows that Chyliński’s handwritten translation of Matthew is indeed the version closest to Wilkins’ text. But the differences, however slight, are significant: Wilkins, who did not speak Lithuanian, could not have modified the text in this way. Taken together, the facts point to the conclusion that Chyliński wrote down an ad hoc translation of the Lord’s Prayer for Wilkins. Johannes Bretke’s spontaneous new translation of a Bible passage in an album entry of 1599 thus would not be an isolated case.

The Kaiser’s Days and consecration of the church in the High Castle in Malbork in 1902

Dni Cesarskie i poświęcenie kościoła na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku w 1902 r.

Author(s): Artur Dobry / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: the Malbork castle; reconstruction in the 19th century;Wilhelm II; Prussia's historically-oriented policy

In 1882–1901, the High Castle in Malbork was reconstructed under supervision of Conrad Steinbrecht. The end of the works was celebrated with consecrating the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary during the Kaiser’s Days in 1902. The celebration was an important element of the German state’s historically-oriented policy adopted by Wilhelm II which included also the history of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The celebration was held in a lofty atmosphere and attended by the most important representatives of the authorities, guests from abroad including representatives of the Order of St. John and the Order of Brothers of the German House from Vienna as well as members of the imperial family. The official part of the celebration was held in the church while a banquet was held in the Middle Castle, the eastern wing and the Great Refectory. The words uttered during the party by the monarch had considerable repercussions throughout Europe, especially among Polish people.

From a Word to the Lexeme

Od wyrazu do hasła słownikowego

Author(s): Witold Sadziński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 12/2016

Keywords: dictionary; lexicography; lexicology; lexeme

In this article we find lexicographical reflections on the German (and Polish) dictionaries primarily in the context of the amount and structure of the contained therein lexemes. The author weaves considerations about the type of dictionary entries and how they can be lemmatised, eg. putting in dictionaries often only parts of compound words (eg. Affen-, Hunde-, -frei, -hungrig) to productively contribute to the development of vocabulary (eg. Affenschnell, Hundehitze, sozialversicherungsfrei, sexhungrig). The article also touched upon the issue of online dictionaries (digitized) and the increasingly important issue of foreign words, particularly English. The object of the considerations are mainly the Duden dictionaries, and also Wordbooks from Adelung, Klappenbach / Steinitz, Doroszewski, Zgółkowa, Żmigrodzki et al.

Half in Speech, Half in Writing

Pół głosem, pół pismem

Author(s): Marta Baron-Milian / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Aleksander Wat; Wat's “Diary without Vowels”; Michalina Kmiecik

The article is an attempt at analysing the phenomenon of “Dziennik bez samogłosek” (“Diary without Vowels”) from the perspective of the text’s materiality. The subject was undertaken as a result of the diary’s Michalina Kmiecik’s new edition which for the first time allows to insight into Wat’s original typescript and into its new reading unmediated by Ola Watowa’s interventions. The reflection’s starting point is a confrontation of the various interpretations and scholarly remarks on the form of “Diary without Vowels”, all being both possibly different answers to settle the problem of specificity of Wat’s use of the code and to expound the reasons the poet makes such a choice. The analysis of the form ultimately prompts to resolve the issue on the level of Wat’s constant confrontation with the avant-garde. From this perspective the code is seen rather as a peculiar experiment in which lexical material remains in direct connection with (avant-garde in its nature) mistrust to language, an effort to defragment language and passion for destruction.