CEEOL - Search Result

Wokół edukacji moralnej w Polsce na tle doświadczeń i tendencji anglosaskich

Author(s): Andrzej Zybała / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The author’s text addresses the issue of the place of moral education in the educational agenda in Poland, including in the scientific literature. He describes the dynamics of the debate around this issue, the meanings given to it, the continuity vs. the discontinuity in how it is approached. The author proposes the hypothesis that the issue of upbringing/moral education has not been a priority in the educational agenda after 1990. This is due to at least two factors: (1) the lack of historical continuity in the presence of this dimension of upbringing/education in the school system as well as in public life, as it has been in Western countries, and (2) the non-standard shaping of moral issues in the school system (strong permeation of religious and national-independence issues).

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Wpływ czynników technologiczno-informacyjnych na efektywność kształcenia w Polsce

Author(s): Michał Hnatiuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

The subjective and objective factors conditioning the effectiveness of education in Poland are discussed in this article. It is noted that social factors also affect education, in particular its effectiveness. One of the important social determinants conditioning the effectiveness of education is included - the technological and information factor. The influence of a given factor on society as well as on various levels of education in Poland is presented. Next to the radical changes made in the education system under the influence of the technological and information factor, the threats it carries are also highlighted.

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Wpływ kształcenia pozaformalnego na płace osób z wykształceniem wyższym

Author(s): Jacek Liwiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

The purpose of this paper was to identify the wage premium from participation in the vocational training of employees with tertiary education. Individual data from the Polish Labour Force Survey were used for the period of 2001–2013. In order to reduce the bias of the wage premium estimator, two methods were used for comparative purposes: DID and DID-PSM. It was found that training, on average, has no impact on the earnings of individuals with tertiary education. However, a modest positive wage premium was obtained by the participants of extended training (over 20 hours) and workshops. In fact, these are the types of training that are expected to improve skills to the largest extent.

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Wpływ zróżnicowania wieku uczniów na szacowanie gimnazjalnych wskaźników edukacyjnej wartości dodanej

Author(s): Aleksandra Jasińska-Maciążek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Research shows that there are at least four age related factors correlated with the level of school achievement and improvement: month of birth, early or delayed school entry and grade retention. Educational value added (EVA) measures are used in the evaluation of school effectiveness. They are estimated from relative increases in achievement. However, Polish EVA models do not include pupil age, which may bias the indicators calculated. The article presents findings from a study estimating the magnitude of this bias for Polish lower secondary schools over the four years (2010–2013). The results demonstrated that inclusion of pupil age only slightly changed EVA estimates. Bias caused by omission of age over recent years seemed, therefore, rather minor.

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Wskaźniki względne w badaniach losów absolwentów uczelni

Author(s): Marek Bożykowski,Mikołaj Jasiński,Tomasz Zając,Mateusz Żółtak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2018

W typowej dla nauk społecznych sytuacji na badaną cechę wpływa duża liczba czynników. Niekiedy wśród nich znajdują się takie czynniki, których wpływ na badaną cechę chcielibyśmy wyłączyć z analiz. Narzędziem umożliwiającym osiągnięcie tego celu są wskaźniki względne. Odnoszą one wartość cechy dla każdego obiektu obserwacji do średniej wartości cechy w kategorii odniesienia wyznaczonej na podstawie charakterystyk tego obiektu. W artykule przedstawiono metodologię tworzenia wskaźników względnych na użytek Ogólnopolskiego systemu monitorowania Ekonomicznych Losów Absolwentów szkół wyższych (ELA) – w wersji ogólnej i na konkretnych przykładach względnego wskaźnika zarobków i względnego wskaźnika bezrobocia. Wskaźniki te uwzględniają warunki na lokalnym rynku pracy w analizie losów absolwentów i dzięki temu umożliwiają dokładniejszy pomiar powodzenia na rynku pracy absolwentów różnych kierunków i uczelni. Przedstawiono również empiryczne wartości tych wskaźników wśród absolwentów w kolejnych miesiącach po uzyskaniu dyplomu oraz związek wartości wskaźnika względnego i bezwzględnego.

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Wsparcie edukacyjne i specjalistyczne dla dzieci/uczniów z mutyzmem wybiórczym z perspektywy ich rodziców (na podstawie badań własnych)

Author(s): Patrycja Janowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Selective mutism (SM) is a disorder consisting of the lack or limitation of verbal communication while maintaining speech understanding and the ability of the child to communicate with selected persons. It is usually manifested as a child’s fluent contact with people whom they trust and the lack of verbal communication in a situation or place that is uncertain for a child. This is the reason why SM most often affects students of pre-schools and primary schools. The aim of the article is to discuss the specificity of the disorder and the educational and specialised support offered to children/pupils with selective mutism. As the part of the work, tests were conducted to verify the intensity/extent to which the symptoms characteristic of SM occur. The conducted research allowed us to confirm the occurrence of symptoms representative of selective mutism.

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Wspomaganie rozwoju dzieci w wieku od 5 do 7 lat a ich gotowość do radzenia sobie z wyzwaniami szkoły

Author(s): Anna Izabela Brzezińska,Joanna Matejczuk,Anna Nowotnik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2012

Public discussion about lowering of school entry age has stimulated debate about child readiness to start school and school readiness to take on the youngest pupils. Child readiness was defined using categories of modern health psychology focusing on the resources within the framework of the zone of actual and proximal development rather than on child deficits. The paper stresses high diversity of first-year children’s readiness for school resulting from the varied rate and dynamics of maturation, from different experiences and quality of training in key prerequisites for school education. The aim is to identify the nature of child development during the transition from preschool to school and to provide guidance to encourage child readiness for school.

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Wspomaganie uczniów z zaburzeniami mowy, języka i komunikacji w edukacji włączającej

Author(s): Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2018

Students’ speech, language and communication disorders can occur as the main or only developmental problem or they can also be linked to other special educational needs. The educational law associates the former with the need for psychological and pedagogical services resulting from language competence deficits and disorders. The latter includes other difficulties, for example, most disabilities. Compensating for speech, language and communication problems is a major challenge for the education system, especially for pre-schools and public schools implementing inclusive education programmes. They can help children and pupils with these problems mainly through individual rehabilitation and speech therapy classes. However, it is difficult to identify the individuals requiring assistance, as well as to provide detailed diagnoses and design the support. This article aims to provide more information about these issues and to outline the broader educational context for the other articles in this issue of the journal.

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Wybór kierunku studiów – mechanizm segregacji

Author(s): Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2017

The paper examines the level and the sources of gender segregation in the choice of the field of study in higher education in Poland. To explain the differences in men’s and women’s choices of higher education fields of study, the analysis uses socialisation and rational choice theories. The results obtained with data from the survey Social and economic determinants of higher education choices among people aged 19–30 show that women are more likely than men to choose education, health and welfare, as well as the arts and humanities; men in turn dominate in technical fields – particularly in information and communication technologies, engineering, manufacturing and construction. The results obtained from the estimation of the multinomial logit model reveal that in line with the theoretical predictions, the choice of the field of study with respect to segregation level is determined both by the level and the field of parents’ education, as well as individual education achievements.

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Wybrane uwarunkowania zadowolenia ze szkoły rodziców dzieci uczących się w szkołach podstawowych

Author(s): Radosław Kaczan,Piotr Rycielski,Olga Wasilewska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2012

The article presents the results from a questionnaire survey on the opinion of parents about pre-school and early school education conducted in 2011. This analysis focuses on school assessment by parents who have at least one child attending school. In analyses, five factors describing parental satisfaction emerged, (1) child satisfaction with school, (2) learning load (3) attractiveness of classes, (4) contact with peers, (5) special classes. Regression analyses were used to examine relations between identified factors and a general assessment of satisfaction with the care and education of the child. The strongest predictors for satisfaction with care and the child’s education are child’s satisfaction with school (factor 1) and attractiveness of classes (factor 3).

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Wykorzystanie sieciowego modelu DEA do pomiaru efektywności wydziałów Politechniki Warszawskiej

Author(s): Piotr Pietrzak,Łukasz Brzezicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2017

The paper discusses the efficiency of public higher education institutions and presents the results of efficiency research for 18 faculties of the Warsaw University of Technology in the 2014/2015 academic year. The outputs of the model included: the number of graduates (reflecting activity in teaching), the number of publication points (reflecting activity in “theoretical” scientific work) and the number of research projects (reflecting activity in “practical” scientific work). Inputs were measured by the number of academic staff. The analysis was conducted using the non-radial network SBM model and traditional SBM model. The results show that five faculties were efficient using the SBM model. In using the network SBM model, we found that four faculties were efficient in terms of teaching activities and one faculty was efficient in the activities of “theoretical” and “practical” scientific work.

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Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w gimnazjach

Author(s): Małgorzata Kłobuszewska,Magdalena Rokicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2016

The school infrastructure in Poland, especially related to use of information and communication technologies (ICT) constantly improves, however the question remains whether this improved access translates into more frequent use of interactive whiteboards (IWB) at schools? The aim of this paper is to analyse the school and teachers’ characteristics related to the frequency of IWB use in school. The growing popularity of this device, as well as the large possibility of its application led us to reflect on whether there is a variation in the use of this equipment among lower secondary schools in nine studied counties and what the main drivers of the IWB usage are. The use of IWB is analysed from the students’ perspective, based on data collected in the project A study on the economic determinants for objectives and guidelines on allocation of private and public education spending in Poland (BECKER) with additional use of data from Education Information System and Local Data Bank. Results of our analysis indicate that frequency of interactive whiteboards usage is related to the size and quality of ICT infrastructure in school. We also find that teachers’ characteristics and the incentive system in school play an important role in explaining the use of ICT at classroom, additionally these characteristics explain part of the between school variation in use of ICT in studied counties.

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Wykorzystanie teorii obciążenia poznawczego w projektowaniu multimedialnych materiałów edukacyjnych

Author(s): Małgorzata Ciesielska,Remigiusz Szczepanowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

The article presents contemporary cognitive theories of learning to indicate the importance of the concept of limited human cognitive resources in establishing practical guidelines for designing educational materials effectively. In particular, we discuss the theory of cognitive load and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Given the assumptions of both theories, the paper presents principles and recommendations for designing educational materials, and overviews the empirical research in the domain of learning. The article also focuses on an analysis of multimedia educational content, including available e-textbooks, whose forms of presentation may lead to the unwanted effects of cognitive load.

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Wykorzystanie wskaźników złożonych i metod nieparametrycznych do oceny i poprawy efektywności funkcjonowania wyższych uczelni technicznych

Author(s): Andrzej Szuwarzyński,Bartosz Julkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Publicly funded universities, like commercial organizations, are obliged to ensure their efficiency. This article presents a model to measure and assess the relative efficiency of technical universities. The analysis was performed using publically available data from 2011 for 18 universities using the composite indicators method and the SBM Data Envelopment Analysis model. Fourteen indicators for efficiency were defined in the five areas of the university performance: research, teaching, scientific staff development, quality of teaching processes and public funding. Inefficient units were identified, based on their calculated efficiency scores and the directions for change to allow them to reach greater efficiency were suggested. Methods used to assess efficiency allowed the combined effect of all relevant factors to be taken into account which described the basic operations of the university.

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Wykształcenie zawodowe, elastyczne zatrudnienie a podnoszenie swoich kwalifikacji

Author(s): Iga Magda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

This paper investigates workers who obtained vocational education for the link between job flexibility and lifelong learning. Using data from the Determinants of Educational Decisions – Household Panel Survey carried out in Poland in 2013–2014, various non-standard contractual arrangements were analysed, including temporary and part time jobs, as well as various types of work contract. It was shown that for workers with vocational skills, the relationship between flexibility of job arrangements and training was complex. It varied depending not only on the type of job contract, but also on a worker’s age and gender. Types of workers who benefitted the most from flexible job arrangements with regard to educational activities were identified.

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Wymiary postaw wobec historii

Author(s): Ludmiła Rycielska,Piotr Rycielski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

The attitudes towards history scale (Malicki et al., 2016) was developed according to Szpociński’s (2006) „memory of the past” typology and based on three dimensions of historical experience. The nine theoretically predicted types of attitude towards history could not be confirmed empirically. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded four dimensions, which were confirmed in their definition using other, well described tools for measuring different dimensions of collective memory. In place of a nine dimensional scale, a four dimensional „social memory” scale was proposed for attitudes on: family history; local history; and history as a school subject or history classes; together with collective shame (collective attitude to own group members transgressing national cohesion norms). In the next step, the relationships were investigated between students (N = 3744) and gender, NUTS population size, school grades in history, type of school, parental education and attitudes towards faith and religious practices. The results of the analysis and their discussion form the basis for recommendations in the application of the proposed scale in future empirical studies.

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Wyniki egzaminu gimnazjalnego 2002–2010 na wspólnej skali

Author(s): Hanryk Szaleniec,Magdalena Grudniewska,Bartosz Kondratek,Filip Kulon,Artur Pokropek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2012

The article presents the methodology and results of a survey on equating the lower secondary school examinations from 2002–2010. The survey was carried out by the Student Performance Analysis Unit at the Educational Research Institute. More than 10 000 students were selected for the equating study and information about more than 500 items was used. IRT models were used for equating exams, the results were presented on a latent variable scale and the observed score scale. Using this procedure, it was possible to isolate random difficulty variation between exam papers from specific years and present changes in ability level of students taking the exam. Based on the results, the level of humanities abilities of lower secondary school leavers was stable, whilst maths and science demonstrated a downward trend. Equating was validated by comparison with the results of the international PISA survey. Results for the arts and humanities were consistent with the PISA results for reading literacy. Maths and science, as compared with the PISA survey maths section demonstrated greater divergence.

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Zaangażowanie rodziców a osiągnięcia szkolne uczniów

Author(s): Waldemar Kozłowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2013

school education; school achievement; parents; studentsActivity of parents as a determinant of educational achievement of students is considered in two ways: as an engagement in the learning process of the child and as a contact with the school. This paper is intended to signal the selected issues related to re-search of this problems. It is based mainly on American works in which these issues are widely and thoroughly analyzed. Article consists of two parts; the first shows the issues related to defining and identifying the components of engagement, the second discusses research on the relationships between parents involvement and pupils’ achievements.

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Zaangażowanie w czytanie a osiągnięcia szkolne gimnazjalistów

Author(s): Zofia Zasacka,Krzysztof Bulkowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The article focuses on the value of reading and the enjoyment of this activity by pupils of lower secondary schools. The subject of the analysis is the relationship of different factors on attitudes towards reading: gender and the social status of pupils’ families. The aim of the analysis is to find out if reading books and engagement in reading could overcome the negative influence of low social and cultural capital and gender on reading performance and educational outcomes. The study is based on the results of three editions of national surveys on reading among pupils of lower secondary schools conducted in 2003, 2010, 2013 and two editions of the PISA international survey from 2000 and 2009.

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Zachowania prozdrowotne dziewcząt z wybranych szkół bialskich w kontekście obowiązku realizacji założeń edukacji zdrowotnej

Author(s): Dorota Różańska,Krystyna Górniak-Kocikowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Numerous health problems of children and youth have obliged educational institutions to increase the activities of health education programmes and evaluate their functioning. A major role in this respect is assigned to physical education teachers, who face difficult challenges regarding the adaptation of the school’s physical exercise activities to students’ needs and psychomotor capabilities. Creating proper health habits, attitudes towards physical exercise and motor abilities are important for every individual from their earliest years. However, it is especially significant when working with girls at puberty. The objective of this project was to learn the opinions of girls about topics concerning personal health care as well as verifying the effectiveness of current school activities in meeting health education objectives and promoting a healthy lifestyle. The research was conducted in 2010 in Biała Podlaska. The study included 201 schoolgirls aged 13-18. It applied a diagnostic poll method and examination methods to evaluate the development and physical fitness of the girls. The obtained results indicate insufficient concern for one’s own health. Only the principles of proper nutrition were mentioned by the girls as those which were often applied. Half of the respondents took care to get proper sleep and rest, many of them used stimulants, including cigarettes, as well as alcohol. Although the girls perceived the value of physical activity, in practice they rarely attended to getting the proper amount of exercise in their free time. A worrying fact is that the school offers no incentives for schoolgirls to lead an active lifestyle and the source of their knowledge about health was not usually a teacher. Only 15% of the girls had a proper body weight. Also, the level of general physical fitness, including endurance and arm muscle strength, was unsatisfactory. Although the school documentation in force contained a rich health education curriculum, the actions of the institutions were not effective enough. In light of the information gathered, it seems necessary to increase interdisciplinary integration, synchronisation and evaluation of activities in the field of students’ health education as well as a regular assessment of their effects.

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