Keywords: Hungarian literature; History; Poetry
In this chapter the topic is for the Hungarian poetry and its development reviewed from its place in Hungarian language from 20th century.
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Keywords: cultural heritage; economy; cultural approaches; small bread-makers; construction of heritage
The trends of healthy nutrition spreading worldwide can be observed by the example of the extending consumer niche, oriented to the demand for bread, made by hand and baked in small bakeries. The entrepreneurs, owners of such bakeries I investigated in 2015, claim that in the process of their professional work and by its results they have been endeavoring to fit in that niche oriented to healthy and nature-conforming nutrition. Apart from laying emphasis on the use of maximum high quality products in bread-making, they also apply cultural approaches in order to construct the image of bread as a cultural value, inherited from the past, and to conceptualize the ways and technologies of its production as social actions marking “a return to traditions”. The entrepreneurs display the production and marketing of a product of a very high symbolic value, exceeding and even incomparable with its market value. In this way small bread-makers practically become part in the generation of cultural heritage. The article presents some cultural approaches of small bread-makers in Bulgaria, whereby bread-making has been constructed as cultural heritage. I identified these approaches in the self-presentation of the members of the branch organization “Bulgarian Guild of Bakers” (constituted in 2014) during their participation in the Crafts Fair in Plovdiv in April 2015. For the theoretical framework of my research I rely on the concepts of cultural heritage and its construction and instrumentalization, developed by Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, David Lowenthal, Herman Bausinger, Ingo Schneider and Robert Pekham.
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Keywords: Bunin; Russian; Kanazirska; reception; translations; masterpieces
Ivan Bunin is a famous figure for the Bulgarian culture. His masterpieces not only appeared in the Bulgarian language at the beginning of the XX-th century, but also created a new image of the Russian classic writer. The interest to Bunin’s works has been real from the first translations to our days. Such a phenomenon can be explained by the specific Russian soul and mentality, which is transferred by the Russian people all over the world. The article depicts new aspects in Bunin’s reception in Bulgaria. The author presents the materials and documents, published in Margarita Kanazirskaya’s book “After Russia. To the Problem of the Russian Emigration the Bulgaria /1920-1940/”, 2013. A few extracts from Ivanka Vaseva’s article “I. A. Bunin” are translated by the author in Russian. There is a strong bibliography of critical works about Bunin’s creative work.
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In the period 1993-1995 the redistribution of radio-audiences started - the sharp competition, characteristic for the initial period, decreased and gradually the relative shares of the individual radio stations equaled. There is no longer the prevalence of preferences for a particular station that is characteristic of the start-up period. The Sofia audience of the "Vitosha-Atlantic" radio chain has emerged as one of the largest in size.
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In recent years, curbing corruption is a top priority of most international institutions. The European Union attaches paramount importance to the problem of corruption in the two successive waves of accession in 2004 and 2007. The pre-accession process has prompted the European Commission to develop its own mechanism to assess the progress of anti-corruption reforms. Like many other key areas for the functioning of the internal European market, the development of EU anti-corruption policy has logically led to the creation of a single European methodology for defining standards for measuring corruption.
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The main results from the first comparative survey of the public opinion on corruption conducted in Albania, Bulgaria, and Macedonia in January 2000 are presented in this material. The survey was conducted with the cooperation between Vitosha Research with Center for the Study of Democracy, Albanian Center for Economic Research, Albania, and Forum – Center for Strategic Research and Documentation, Macedonia. The survey is based on a Corruption Monitoring System of Coalition 2000 which was created by Vitosha Research and is an initial step towards implementation of a Regional Corruption Monitoring System.
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The survey of the business sector conducted in the month November 2003, covered 421 companies from accross the country. The survey employed the method of the face-to-face interview.
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Keywords: language play; media; expressiveness
The present work presents the phenomenon of language play in various scientific papers. The general opinion of the scientists is that the language play in the media is related to the deliberate distortion of language and speech standards. The purpose is to achieve a certain effect (stylistic, aesthetic, comic, etc.). Some manifestations of the studied phenomenon are described: graphic, phonological , onomastic games and more.
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Keywords: sound changes; speech speed; speech economy; media speech
The subject of this study are some sound changes in the media speech and their connection with the speech speed. In a previous pilot experiment that was based on the most frequently studied phonetic changes in the media speech, showed the frequency of occurrence of sound changes such as elision, articulation of the alveodental consonant [l] as [ŭ], epenthesis, depalatalization. The purpose of this article is to deepen the observations on the aforementioned phonetic phenomena by examining their attitude to the principle of economy in speech, and hence time factor. The observations made and the results obtained lead us to conclude that a faster speech rate does not lead to an increase in the incidence of sound changes.
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Keywords: regenerative agriculture; ecosystem services
Regenerative agriculture is not a new approach for envi ronmentally friendly farming, but it has gained considerable popu larity in the last few years. The symbiotic link between improved soil health and increased yields is the driving force behind regenerative agriculture to become a new potential model of governance that seeks a balance between production and environmental sustainability. This report aims to briefly present the concept, as well as to summarize the most commonly used regenerative practices. A comparison is made between Bulgaria and the United States in the implementation of basic types of regenerative measures, as well as examples of changes in revenues and expenditures due to these activities.
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The article presents some characteristics of the terminological dictionaries, which are created in Section for terminology and terminography in Institute for Bulgarian language – Bulgarian academy of sciences. Attention is paid to: popularity of dictionaries; presence of encyclopaedical component in its micro- and macrostructure; explanation to a two degrees (stages): meaning of term (in its definition) and content of term (parts of which are given with additional descriptions after definition); systematicity in description of terms with its groups, in which are included classificational and partitive relations.
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Keywords: Anti-epidemic Measures; European Union; Single Market; COVID-19
During the last 20 years, the EU has managed to achieve a relatively high extent of coordination of its economic policy, despite significant differences in the development of the Member States, the financial crisis at the turn of the century, and dynamic geopolitical processes worldwide. However, in the last year and a half a new unknown challenge has arisen with a major impact on the Union‘s economic results – the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the report is to present research done by the author, concerning the development of the European Single Market in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Keywords: religious tolerance; ecology
This study is dedicated to a current and non-investigated up to nowadays problem in our ecology law literature. It is determined, from one hand, from religious and cultural variety of the society in separate countries, and from the other hand, with reinforcing ecological problems on a global level which give a reflection to the activity of the separate religions. At the same time religious tolerance must be mentioned as one of the indicators for democratization of the society. In view of the fact that Christian religion has caused a big influence to the development of the human civilization in the preface are shown some verses from the Holy Bible, and especially from the New Testament where the idea of religious tolerance is on the ground. In this study the attention is paid to a following major legal problems: a) legal characteristics of a basic right to religion of the Bulgarian citizens; b) international law regulation of the subjective right to religion in the light of the participation of the Republic of Bulgaria in a separate international treaties, related to human rights; c) ecological requirements to some activities which cause influence to the exercising of this right, regulated in the Bulgarian environmental legislation. In the conclusion, some more general deductions from the existing regulation and suggestions for its improvement are made.
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Keywords: administrative contract; jurisprudence
The report examines the Bulgarian jurisprudence before the regulation of the administrative contract in the Administratice Procedure Act and after it. A brief overview of EU jurisprudence is also given.
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Keywords: legal argumentation; structure; Toulmin’s method; theory of argumentation; legal results
The question of the structure of legal argumentation has not been explored in the Bulgarian legal doctrine. Individual researchers deal with isolated problems concerning the structure of legal argumentation. The structure represents the internal form of organization of the system, which appears as a unity of stable regular relationships between its elements. In science, the transition from description to explanation, from phenomena to essence, coincides with the knowledge of the structural features of the deeper levels of matter. This is why the question of the structure of legal argumentation, and hence its effectiveness, is so important.
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Keywords: tensengrity conception; vertical oscillation; long run
The main task of this report is the popularization of the tensengrity concept in the sports-technical training of athletes in long runs. Special attention is paid to the interpretation regarding the vertical oscillation indicator.
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Keywords: universalism; universal jurisdiction
Analyzed is the concept for “universal jurisdiction”, which is used to designate the jurisdiction of the national judicial authorities, concerning the crimes, committed by foreigners, instead of nationals of the state, and also concerning crimes, committed abroad. A general principle, accepted in the international law is that each country has the right to sue and to punish a foreigner for all the violations of the criminal law, done on its territory. The exercising of universal jurisdiction may fill in the jurisdictional gap and in that way to provide responsibility for international crimes. It may also be exercised as it competes with other theories of jurisdiction. In this sense it is important to exist rules about exercising of efforts in the sphere of the jurisdiction of the countries from one side, and of international judicial institutions from another. It is necessary to be made a difference between the expectations of the supporters of the international criminal jurisdiction for expanding of the universal jurisdiction as one of the ways to be stopped impunity and to be increased the responsibility and the status of the international law.
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