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Can the Linguistic Terminology Be Profitable to the Musical Theory?

Může být lingvistická terminologie užitečná hudební teorii? K analogii hudby a řeči

Author(s): Petr Pořízka / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2005

The key point of the study striving to solve the title question (whether the linguistic terminology can be profitable to the musical theory) is in flection, flexibility of both language and musical forms. It is to show the possibility of applying phonological nomenclature to the musical material which could lead to putting the musical theoretical metalanguage more precisely. The text deals with some vague notions, let us say with the vague treatment of them, for example the definitions and descriptions of the musical scales–the grade and the tone as its representative are sometimes not satisfactorily distinguished (consequently, an analogy of langue and parole). Here the principle of variability and in flection of grades/tones is obvious. What is also synoptically mentioned in the study are the theoretical works which somehow have implied the tone inflection phenomena before. The inflection of grades/tones is studied within the minoraiol scale, some blues scales (eight and nine tones’ ones) and the so-called ultradiatonical scale which has been set up on the basis of paradigmatization of the Moravian folk songs. What is particularly discussed is the application of the phonological terms phoneme (a meaning unit) – allophone (a variant of phoneme) – phone (speech sound, a concrete realization of the meaning unit): from the point of view of the musical theory potentially as toneme – allotone – tone. In the end the plentitude of the musical inflection in concrete musical artefacts is supported by the demonstrated samples of Moravian folk songs.

CHRONICLE: Eastern Europe, April - June 1967

CHRONIK: Osteuropa, April - Juni 1967

Author(s): Robert Lindner / Language(s): German / Issue: 02/1968

Modernism and post-modernism

MODERNIZMI DHE POST-MODERNIZMI

Author(s): Gilles Lipovetsky / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 07/1996

Keywords: Modernism ;post-modernism;

Nocioni i papërcaktuar i postmodernizmit që u shfaq në skenën artistike dhe intelektuale përgjatë dhjetëvjeçarit të fundit, në raport me deklaratat e potershme mbi zbulime të njëpasnjëshme e shumë të rëndësishme, paraqet një interes më të madh për të kundërtën, për një kthim të kujdesshëm në rrënjët tona, për një vendosje të kohës sonë në një perspektivë historike, për një interpretim në thellësi të epokës nga ne po dalim pjesërisht, e cila, gjithësesi, vazhdon në shumë aspekte veprën e saj megjithë mospëlqimn e kasnecëve naivë të shkëputjes absolute. Nëse po lajmërohet një kohë e re e artit, e dijes dhe e kulturës, problemi që del është se si të përcaktohet ajo çka mbetet prej ciklit të mëparshëm. E reja kërkon në këtë rast kujtesën, udhërrëfimin kronologjik, gjenealogjinë.

FOUNDING ASSEMBLY OF ALBANIAN LEAGUE OF PRIZREN 15-17 JUNE 1878

KUVENDI THEMELUES I LIDHJES SHQIPTARE TË PRIZRENIT (15-17 qershor 1878)

Author(s): Gazmend Shpuza / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 43/2013

Keywords: FOUNDING ASSEMBLY ; ALBANIAN LEAGUE OF PRIZREN ; 15-17 JUNE 1878

Founding Assembly of the Albanian League in the current editions of the rally presented a truncated and distorted. In these treatments are ignored programmatic documents of the Founding Assembly of the League of Prizren dated June 15, 1878: Protest against fragmentation of Albanian lands and autonomist program, "Trhe Statute" of the League. Such as Kararnameja displayed (even this was interpret wrong as Islamist often not unintentionally), and Talimati of June 17. With the exception of the decision on the establishment of the League of Prizren Assembly resulting, ultimately, a failed rally. Its Delegates and forming organization initially not dared to call Albanian League. Analysis of programming decisions of the Assembly and the Kararnamesë, allows to give the full picture of the item and its historic importance of these decisions on the basis of which the League did in its early days. In this context itis conclude that the Assembly delegates are unquestionably the founders of the League. Among them are outstanding organizers: I. Dibra, A. Gucia etc..In support of them through links telegraphic link although representative of the League of Tuscany, A. Frashëri, and on all is known major ideologue of the Renaissance and one of the originators of the most fervent and diligent project of national unity in a pan about author philosophical and historical treaty "The truth on Albania and Albanians" Pasko Vasë Shkodrani. He argued and defended The League struggle in the international arena. He further illuminated the path for nearly a quarter century of ANM.

The Towns Of Deje And Sarde And Their Bishoprics In The Middle Ages

Qytetet Dejë, Sardë Dhe Ipeshkvitë E Tyre Në Mesjetë

Author(s): Edmond Malaj / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2011

Keywords: Deje; Sarde; Middle-Age Town; Albania; Albanian History;

The aim of this article is to provide a short overview of the medieval history of Dejë and Sardë, two towns that were situated in the vicinity of Shkodra and used to be real urban centers composed of all the elements of medieval towns, and that now do not exist anymore. At present, in these two locations there have remained only ruins that have been subject to different robberies and are covered by wild plants. There is no road to take you to these sites, thus, they are not easily accessible by visitors. In addition, Dejë is situated on a mountain top which makes it even more difficult to get there. Whilst, Sardë is situated amongst the waters of Drin, inside the Vau Dejës Lake and without a boat it is impossible to visit it. These towns used to have an admirable development of crafts, economy and culture. Moreover, in Dejë there used to be a customs house as this town was situated at the crossroad between Shkoder and Lezhë and from there one could get to Prizren. As a result, it was used as a transit site for goods and people, a fact that certainly influenced in the development of the town.

VARIATIONS IN NOVEL THE IVEDDING OF ISMAIL KADARL

VËSHTRIM VARIANTISTIK ROMANIT DASMA TË ISMAIL KADARESË

Author(s): Edmond Çali / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2013

Keywords: VARIATIONS ; NOVEL THE WEDDING ; ISMAIL KADARL

The novel '"Wedding” is a very important part of the work of the literary system of Ismai! Kadare. In terms of the content and its topics, it is related to several other works of Kadare, such as “Broken April” which treats canon and revenge, and “The Three -Arched Bridge”, which treats the motive of the sacrifice during building the three -arched bridge. Seen from the formal perspective, uThe Wedding” has a perfect structural organization that gives us ample opportunity to study philology. The publication of this work has similarities with some other novels of the time: we are talking about those works published first in the literary journal twNëndori”, like the novel “Lumi i vdekur” (“Dead River”) by Jakov Xoxe). We take in consideration the different estimation about Kadare’s work, as athe whole and in particular about the novel uThe wedding,” made by the author himself and by several authors so far, such as Shaban Sinani, Arshi Pipa, Martin Camaj, Elio Miracco, Matteo Mandala. There are five variants of the novel uThe wedding” that we have taken in consideration here, as follows: The first variant, published in the Albanian journal “Nëndori” (Tirana, 1967); the second variant, published as a separate book, (Tirana, 1968); the third variant included in the book "Gjakftohtësia" (Tirana,1980); 4) the fourth variant, published by the publishing house FAYARD (Paris, 2000); the fifth variant, published by the publishing house uOnufri”, Tiranë, 2008. We have tried to make a short description of the publication and also we tried to analyse the importance of the variants of the author, in order to determine the place of this book in the whole system work of Kadare and in Albanian literary system. The study of the variants helps us to see clearly the author's interference, his troubles. his efforts, his performance in writing, his creativity and his intellectual performance during the 60s of last century, to know better Kadare’s literary system.

The musical language in 21st century Slovak sacred compositions

Hudobný jazyk v sakrálnych dielach 21. storočia na Slovensku

Author(s): Rastislav Adamko / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 10/2015

Keywords: slovenské sakrálne skladby 21. storočia; liturgická hudba; súčasná artificiálna hudba

Sme svedkami postupného vytláčania vážnej hudby z liturgie a jej nahrádzania populárnou hudbou. Tento jav sa zatiaľ nepodarilo odvrátiť. Nie je azda na príčine aj to, že zatiaľ sa nám nepodarilo nájsť vhodný hudobný jazyk pre súčasnú liturgickú hudbu, jazyk, ktorý by vychádzal z klasických tradícií, ale využíval by aj moderné vyjadrovacie prostriedky? Jednu z nových ponúk predstavuje súbor hudobných diel, ktoré vznikli na podnet pracovníkov Katedry hudby na Pedagogickej fakulte Katolíckej univerzity v Ružomberku, ktorými sa zaoberá autor tohto príspevku. Dané skladby sú určené viac pre školených hudobníkov než pre interpretáciu celým liturgickým zhromaždením.Analýza týchto diel poukázala na skutočnosť, že súčasná tvorba sakrálnej hudby na Slovensku vyrastá z dávnej tradície liturgickej hudby. Skladatelia radi využívajú tradičné hudobné formy, dávne skladateľské techniky, zvukové ideály, modálne tóniny. Tieto archaizujúce prvky sa snažia zapojiť do súčasného hudobného jazyka, do moderných skladateľských postupov, prípadne spojiť s tzv. otvorenými formami. Spoločným znakom všetkých týchto hudobných diel je návrat ku kantiléne v melodike, ktorá je úzko spojená s textom. Práve takéto požiadavky na liturgickú hudbu majú všetky cirkevné dokumenty. V tomto zmysle slovenskí skladatelia porozumeli doterajším požiadavkám Cirkvi, pričom vytvorili rôznorodý, ale určite zrozumiteľný hudobný jazyk, ktorý azda nájde svojich adresátov v radoch interpretov i poslucháčov.

Annotations, chronicle and glosses

Anotace, kronika a glosy

Author(s): Erik Gilk,Pavol Sočuvka,Robert Kolár,Iveta Mindeková / Language(s): Slovak,Czech / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: Hrabal Bohumil ;the twentieth century;

Eva Štědroňová: Hledání nové modernosti. Studie o nové literatuře na počátku dvacátého století. Brno, Host 2016. 396 stran. ; The literature of Bohumil Hrabal in the historical twists and turns of the short twentieth century ; Czech Library series for schools and colleges ; Information

The noble families of Drisht in the Middle Ages

Les familles nobles de Drisht au Moyen-Age

Author(s): Edmond Malaj / Language(s): French / Issue: 02/2014

Keywords: Families of Drisht; Middle ages; Cultural history; Ethnohistory;

Sans nullement prétendre être exhaustive, cette description des familles les plus importantes de la ville médiévale de Drisht, en Albanie septentrionale, ne concerne que celles qui ont pu être identifiées lors de nos recherches sur l’histoire de cette ville. Le fait que ces recherches ont permis sans cesse de découvrir encore d’autres familles, avant inconnues, appelle à agir avec circonspection et à considérer cette liste comme incomplète, bien que le nombre des familles examinées soit considérable.

THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF POETIC DISCOURSE OF DRITERO AGOLLI

TIPARET DALLUESE TË LIGJËRIMIT POETIK TË DRITËRO AGOLLIT

Author(s): Jolanda Lila / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 47/2017

Keywords: Dritëro Agolli; Poetry;

The poetry of Dritëro Agolli marks the most complete and diverse form in the classical lyrical poetry as brought to the contemporary times. We have come to consider as a typical feature of his poetics the musicality of the verse, which has been analysed in three aspects: on the euphonic plan (the repeated use of one or more sounds in the phrase, verse and stanza or throughout the poem) and the lexical and syntactic plan. After an analysis of several of his poems, we have brought forward the generated patterns of each textual plan. The process of the poetical structure analysis, guided by the concept of prevalence in the text, determined the distinguishing features of the creative individuality of poets and outlined his main creative trends.

DIPLOMATIC NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN ALBANIA AND VATICAN ON SIGNING A CONCORDAT IN 1926-1929

TRATATIVAT DIPLOMATIKE MES SHQIPËRISË DHE VATIKANIT PËR NËNSHKRIMIN E KONKORDATIT NË VITET (1926-1929)

Author(s): Hasan Bello / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 47/2017

Keywords: Diplomatic history; Albania; Vatican; Concordat in the years 1926-1929;

This article elaborates upon diplomatic negotiation between the Albanian government and Vatican in order to sign a Concordat in the years 1926-1929. Although the efforts of the Albanian state to meet this goal began in 1921, they were only intensified in 1926 when it a special inter-ministerial committee was established. It intended to prepare a draft concordat, by taking into consideration some concordat models which were to be adapted to Albania’s needs and specifications. To this purpose, in December 1927 an Albanian government delegation went to Italy to hold talks with the Vatican Secretary of State about signing an agreement between the two countries. But these negotiations faced serious difficulties due to the opposing stances of both parties. The Holy See did not accept one of the most important points of the draft-Concordat, related to the institution of marriage. New Civil Code being prepared by Albanian government considered marriage as a legal act that must be finalized at state offices, while divorce was also a legitimate right for both parties. On the other hand Vatican demanded that marriage was an exclusive right of the church and divorce was considered unacceptable.

Central European historian Bedřich Loewenstein

Středoevropský historik Bedřich Loewenstein

Author(s): Tomáš Hermann / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1+2/2018

Keywords: Bedřich Loewenstein;Czech historiography;Central European historiography

The author summarizes the life and in particular scientific career of historian Bedřich Loewenstein, describes areas of his professional interest and his intellectual orientation, reminds of his most important works published in Czech and German, and assesses his contribution. Loewenstein was born in 1929 in Prague, in a Czech-German-Jewish family, lived through the German occupation in difficult conditions, and started studying history and philosophy at what was then the Faculty of Arts and History of the Charles University, but was expelled two years later for political reasons. He was allowed to complete his studies later, and in 1957 started working at the Institute of History of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, where he remained until his dismissal in 1970. He started intensive contacts with West German historians and other intellectuals during the 1960s, and organized an important international symposium, “Europe and Fascism”, in Prague in 1969. Since the early 1970s, he was not allowed to publish and was employed as an interpreter/translator of the trade mission (since 1973 embassy) of the Federal Republic of Germany. Although watched by the State Security, he managed to make use of his position to establish an important connection between domestic dissenters and their supporters abroad, which was used to exchange publications and other documents. In 1979, he accepted an offer of professorship of recent history at the Free University in West Berlin, where he remained until 1994 and where he could develop and expand his research interests and devote himself to intensive publication activities For a long time, Bedřich Loewenstein was focusing on the German history of the 19th and 20th centuries; since the 1960s, he was also studying ideological, psychological, and social prerequisites of Nazism and later also more general issues of crises of the 20th century, modernism and modernity, civic society, European nationalism, and civilization. In this respect, he was able to integrate approaches and knowledge of other social sciences – sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, political science, and economy – in a prolific manner. He was a long-time and intensive intermediary of views and ideas between the Czech (or Czechoslovak) and German historiographies. His works, written in a concise, scientific-essayist style, earned him respect among colleagues both at home and abroad. His principal works include Plädoyer für die Zivilisation (Hamburg, Hoffmann und Campe 1973), Entwurf der Moderne: Vom Geist der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft und Zivilisation (Essen, Reimar Hobbing 1987; in Czech in 1995), Problemfelder der Moderne: Elemente der politischen Kultur (Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1990), My a ti druzí: Dějiny, psychologie, antropologie (Brno, Doplněk 1997; in German in 2003). A synthesis of Loewenstein’s thinking about a broad spectrum of issues is presented in his book Der Fortschrittsglaube: Geschichte einer europäischen Idee (Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2008; in Czech: Víra v pokrok: Dějiny jedné evropské ideje. Prague, OIKOYMENH 2009).

Semantra and Bells in Byzantium

Semantra and Bells in Byzantium

Author(s): Bojan Miljković / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2018

Keywords: semantron; bell; monastery; typikon; belfry; church

According to written sources, semantra were used to summon the faithful to prayer throughout the history of Byzantium, during more than one millennium. Semantra were first made exclusively of wood, while as of the mid-11th century some monasteries used three types of semantra – a small and big semantron made of wood, and the third, bronze semantron. Up until the Fourth Crusade, lay churches in Constantinople, including Hagia Sophia, as well as cathedral temples in the interior, maintained the ancient tradition of using wooden semantra only. The first reliable example of the use of bells originates from the mid-12th century. At a least hundred years earlier, they were brought to the Empire’s territory by traders from the Apennine peninsula for their places of worship. The erection of a high belfry in front of the Constantinople Great Church at the time of the Latin Empire had the decisive influence on the acceptance of bells after 1261, first in the liturgical practice of the capital, and then in the entire territory of the restored Empire under the Palaiologoi dynasty. The new practice did not uproot the older one – semantra continued to be used.

Velehrad Unionism and Its Place in the Ecumenic Efforts of Francis Dvornik

Velehradský unionismus a jeho místo v ekumenickém úsilí Františka Dvorníka

Author(s): Pavel Ambros / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: Velehrad Unionism; Ecumenical Movement; John Paul II; St. Cyril and St. Methodius; Principal of Accommodation; Catholic Slavism; Leo XIII; Francis Dvorník;

The most significant figure in the history of Czech Byzantine studies was Francis Dvorník. He was convinced that the principal of accommodation outweighed the principle of apostolic succession in the East, this being a theological, dogmatic concept that refers to the foundation of the Church by Christ. This study distinguishes Dvorník’s ecumenical position from the proto ecumenical character of Velehrad Unionism. Under the term proto ecumenical character we understand a method relevant to the ecumenical move¬ment which is, however, used in the ecclesiological models that are still missing the principles of the Catholic understanding of the restoration of unity among all Christians as defined by the Second Vatican Council.

Karol Plicka’s Collection as a Source for Kresánek’s Monograph on Slovak Folk Song

Zbierka Karola Plicku ako jeden z prameňov Kresánkovej práce o slovenskej ľudovej piesni

Author(s): Miriam Timková / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2013

Keywords: Jozef Kresánek; Karol Plicka’s collection; the Slovak folk song;

During the period 1940 – 1943 Jozef Kresánek worked as an official of the Musical Section of Matica slovenská in Martin. Here he had the opportunity to make acquaintance, among other sources, with the extensive manuscript collection of Slovak folk songs by Karol Plicka. Kresánek, when processing this collection for the first time, gained knowledge which he afterwards put to use in his synthetic work Slovenská ľudová pieseň zo stanoviska hudobného [The Slovak Folk Song from the Musical Standpoint] (1951, 21997). Here he used Plicka’s manuscript records of Slovak folk songs to illustrate individual styles in Slovak folk singing. Apart from adopting selected extracts, Kresánek relies in this work on the various studies by Plicka, establishing continuity and simultaneously reevaluating them in the light of his own knowledge.

Double Articulation in Linguistics, Semiotics, Theory of Arts and Philosophy

Dvojitá Artikulácia v Jazykovede, Semiotike, Umenovede a Filozofii

Author(s): Miroslav Marcelli / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: linguistics; semiotics; theory of arts; double articulation;

The paper deals with applications of the concept of double articulation in studies of linguistic and non-linguistic phenomena. It traces extensions, shifts and corrections effected by the transition from linguistics to semiotics. Particular attention is payed to possibilities and problems that have arisen in theoretical reflections of paintings and music. An example of such analyses is Lévi-Strauss’ study of artworks.

Worthy of admiration or a whiff of the criminal element?

Hodno obdivu nebo cejchem kriminálního živlu?

Author(s): Hanka Tlamsová / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: travellers;surnames;first names;Czeachia;

The presented paper concerns the choice of first names and the issue of surnames of Czech nomadic people in the so-called long 19th century. The statistics of the most common first names of nomadic comedians, shopkeepers and grinders came from the research of several thousand registry books, as well as other sources of evidence. Rarities and specific examples of naming children from this socio-professional community of people once displaced on the very edge of society were not left out of interest either. The study also draws attention to research problems in relation to surnames and at the same time presents a reflection on what the surname meant to these people in the first place.

Between East and West: Karel Chytil as Museologist, Educator, and Art Historian

Between East and West: Karel Chytil as Museologist, Educator, and Art Historian

Author(s): Pavel Šopák / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: Chytil Karel; art history and historiography; Viennese school; historic preservation; history of museology; Czechoslovakia’s artistic culture; museums of decorative arts;

Adapted version of the text presented at the colloquium organised in Prague on 12 November 2019 by the Institute of Art History of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) on the 85th anniversary of PhDr. Karel Chytil’s death. The text deals with the institutional and cultural political aspects of Chytil’s career as an art historian, museologist, and lecturer.

FROM ORAL POETRY TO AYTIS: THE SPECIES CHANGE OF BADIK POEMS IN KAZAKH FOLKLORE

SÖZLÜ ŞİİRDEN AYTISA: KAZAK FOLKLORUNDAKİ BÄDİK ŞİİRLERİNİN TÜRSEL DEĞİŞİMİ

Author(s): Meruyert Satinbekova / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 38/2022

Keywords: Oral poetry; oral culture; badikpoems; badik aytis; the art of deyishme;

One of the oldest folklore legacies of the Turkic peoples of Turkestan is the poems called bädik. Examples of badik poems are most often found in the folklore of the Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Karakalpaks, Uzbeks. This shows that the formation of badik poems extends deep into history and is a common cultural heritage of the Turkic World. It has been believed that every disease has a cause of occurrence in the ancient Turkestan lands bearing the traces of the kam or baksi tradition. Until the beginning of the XX century, in the geography of Turkestan there was a tradition to heal sick pets by singing badik poetry. The badik poems, which were composed among the Kazakhs, later underwent a change in structure and function, and turned into badik aytis, which girls and boys gather and recite. Thus, the purpose of such deyishme has ceased to be to heal sick animals, and has turned into ensuring that young people have fun by talking to each other. In various books on Kazakh folklore and literary history, the concepts of “badik poetry” and “badik aytis” have been used until this day. "Badik poetry" has been included in some books as traditional poems. In some sources, it is recorded as “badik aytis”. In this article, the function of badik poems in Kazakh folklore and the ways of their conversion into aitis are considered and evaluated from a historical point of view. After the evaluation, it was concluded that the badik aytis, which influenced the beginning of the aytis genre to a certain extent, was considered as a different aytis type and that it was wrong to evaluate with the dimensions of the modern aytis.

Dobroslav Orel and the Beginnings of Researching Medieval Music in Slovakia

Dobroslav Orel a počiatky výskumu stredovekej hudby na Slovensku

Author(s): Eva Veselovská / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Dobroslav Orel; Slovakia; Middle Ages

The essential aim of this paper is to conduct a brief exploration of Prof. Dobroslav Orel’ssystem of musicological work, in connection with researching medieval musical culture fromthe territory of Slovakia. Slovak musicology, its foundations, goals, and methods of treatmentof sources, are closely connected with this outstanding figure in Czechoslovak musicalculture. The consideration of Orel’s activity in Slovakia includes an analysis of research,treatment and publication of our oldest music sources.