CEEOL - Search Result

0.00 €

European Islam. Challenges for Public Policy and Society

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: European Islam; Challenges for Society; Public Policy; juxtaposition of national case studies; European experts; transnational phenomenon;

Works on Islam in Europe often read like a juxtaposition of national case studies covering the history and perhaps the sociology of immigrant groups in the countries considered. Although the sociology of Islam is well-developed in certain European countries such as France, Germany and the UK, it is only in its infancy as a discipline at the European level. The chapters in this work, by leading European experts in the field, therefore aim to supply policy-makers, analysts and civil society leaders with an inventory of the main issues concerning the presence of Islam in Europe. The key message is that European Islam exists as a powerful transnational phenomenon, and European policy must keep pace with this reality.

More...

0.00 €

A people’s peace in Cyprus

Author(s): Aleksandros Lordos,Erol Kaymak,Natalie Tocci / Language(s): English

Keywords: People's peace in Cyprus; Public opinion; comprehensive settlement; Governments; Security; Greek and Turkish Cypriot;

The year 2009 is decisive for the protracted Cyprus conflict. Incentives for a settlement might be higher and above all more evenly distributed among all parties than in 2004, when the Annan Plan failed due to an overwhelming Greek Cypriot rejection of the proposed blueprint despite Turkish Cypriot acceptance of the plan. Yet while strategic assessments and elite incentives bode cautiously well for a Cyprus settlement, ultimately an agreement will have to be approved by the two Cypriot communities in referendums and above all it will have to be implemented by the Cypriots on the ground. In other words, ordinary Cypriots lie at the crux of the conflict settlement as well as the drawn-out conflict resolution process, determining the ultimate success or failure of any blueprint signed by their leaders.

More...

0.00 €

Cybersecurity in Finance. Getting the policy mix right!

Author(s): Richard Parlour,Sylvain Bouyon,Simon Krause / Language(s): English

Keywords: Cybersecurity; France; Data protection; Cyberattacks; Criminology; cyberterrorists;

With the inexorable rise of e-commerce comes the inexorable rise of the e-criminal. Cybercrime is now the world’s fastest growing crime. It has leapt to number two of the top ten business risks worldwide, from not even appearing in that list five years ago. For certain countries, cyberattack is now the risk of greatest concern. Gone are the days of concern about a low level hack of a website by a script kiddie. Today’s attackers are multi-faceted and increasing in sophistication, ranging from advanced persistent threats, corporate espionage, organised crime and ‘hactivists’ to cyberterrorists, ever more competent, and ever better funded. Cybersecurity has moved from being a technical issue to a political and boardroom issue. Financial markets are particularly important as they oil the wheels of all member state economies.

More...

0.00 €

An Appraisal of the European Commission of Crisis. Has the Juncker Commission delivered a new start for EU Justice and Home Affairs?

Author(s): Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

Keywords: European Commission of Crisis; Juncker Commission; EU Justice and Home Affairs;

Has the Juncker Commission delivered a “new start” for EU Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) policies? This book examines the question in relation to the performance of the European Commission’s intra-institutional setting while taking stock of the most relevant legislative developments in JHA or the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) from2014 to 2018.

More...

0.00 €

Ethno-religious conflict in Europe

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: societal tension; violent conflict; Muslim culture; Islam-related tensions; aftermath of 9/11;

This book comes from a large research endeavour of the European Union’s 6th Framework Programme, called ‘Microcon’, standing for the micro-foundations of violent conflict. In its entirety, Microcon consists of 28 component projects undertaken by 22 research centres across Europe, under the coordination of Sussex University. The Microcon website (www.microconflict.eu) gives a full account of participants, objectives and results. The project runs from 2007 to 2011.This book addresses the greatest source of societal tensions and violent conflict in contemporary Europe, involving people from minority groups of Muslim culture. Six country case studies – on Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Russia and the United Kingdom – give a comprehensive account of Islam-related tensions and violence, from the jihadist terrorist acts seen in Europe in the aftermath of 9/11 in the US, through to the urban riots of the type seen in France in 2005. These events are analyzed with a common typology together with detailed accounts of the social context in each country. Also included is an interpretation of the fundamental nature of the Islamist terrorism in Europe, with the outline of a strategy to repel it. The book is a unique source for those seeking to understand the nature of ethno-religious violence in contemporary Europe.

More...

0.00 €

Scenarios for a Wider Europe

Author(s): Michael Emerson / Language(s): English

Keywords: European Union; wider European space; integration of EU and neighbouring states; EU standards; EU's enlargement; European Neighbourhood Policy; EU reforms; neighbouring non-member states;

This paper makes the case for enhancing the economic and political integration of the entire wider European space with the EU, involving all those neighbouring states willing to subscribe to EU standards while at the same time facilitating the EU’s further enlargement in due course. This would also amount to a consolidation of Europe’s values, and act as a strategic marker to rebut Russia’s efforts to undermine those values. More specifically, the author advocates: - Upgrading the EU’s Association Agreements (AA) with East European states (Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine), with further content branded ‘AA+’; - Replacing the European Neighbourhood Policy with a Wider Europe policy concept; - Continuing the development of a multi-speed Europe which, with other EU reforms, could facilitate further enlargement of the EU when the conditions are met.

More...

0.00 €

№47 An Assessment of the Commission’s 2011 Schengen Governance Package. Preventing abuse by EU member states of freedom of movement?

Author(s): Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

Keywords: Commission’s 2011 Schengen Governance Package; freedom of movement; EU member states; liberty of circulation;

The Schengen system has been at the centre of sharp controversy throughout 2011 and the early months of 2012 a rising from attempts by several member state governments to challenge the right to the free movement of persons and the abolition of internal border checks. The speech delivered by Nicolas Sarkozy early this month (March 2012), as part of the French presidential campaign, in which he threatened to suspend France’s participation in Schengen illustrates this phenomenon. This paper examines the European Commission’s response to the Schengen controversies, namely the Schengen Goverance Package publishedin September 2011 and currently under negotiation in Council and the European Parliament. It assesses the scope and added value of the Package’s two new legislative proposals (a new Schengen evaluation mechanism and revised rules for restating internal border checks) by looking at the origins and features ofthe debate surrounding liberty of circulation in the Schengen area.

More...

0.00 €

№53 EU Home Affairs Agencies and the Construction of EU Internal Security

Author(s): Joanna Parkin / Language(s): English

Keywords: EU Home Affairs Agencies; Construction of EU Internal Security; OLAF; CEPOL; Frontex;

Regulatory agencies such as Europol, Frontex, Eurojust, CEPOL as well as bodies such as OLAF, have over the past decade become increasingly active within the institutional architecture constituting the EU’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and are now placed at the forefront of implementing and developing the EU’s internal security model. A prominent feature of agency activity is the large-scale proliferation of‘knowledge’ on security threats via the production of policy tools such as threat assessments, risk analyses, periodic and situation reports. These instruments now play a critical role in providing the evidence-base that supports EU policy making,with agency-generated ‘knowledge’ feeding political priority settingand decision-making within the EU’s new Internal Security Strategy (ISS).

More...

0.00 €

№58 The ‘Lisbonisation’ of the European Parliament. Assessing progress, shortcomings and challenges for democratic accountability in the area of freedom, security and justice

Author(s): Sergio Carrera,Nicholas Hernanz,Joanna Parkin / Language(s): English

Keywords: Lisbonisation; European Parliament; Progress; shortcomings; democratic accountability;

This Briefing Paper examines the performance of the European Parliament (EP) in EU AFSJ law and policy-making from the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty until the end of the firsthalf of 2013. The paper situates the EP in the new post-Lisbon institutional setting, documenting its transition to ‘AFSJ decision-maker’, and its new powers to shape and make policy covering the EU’s internal and external security agenda. While the paper finds that theEP has become an active co-owner of the EU AFSJ post-Lisbon, with the Parliament demonstrating a dynamic adjustment to its new post-Lisbon role and powers, the authors identify a set of new developments and challenges that have arisen in the conduct of democratic accountability by the EP in the AFSJ since 2009, which call for critical reflection ahead of the new parliamentary term 2014-2019 and the post-2014 phase of the EU’s AFSJ.

More...

0.00 €

№65 The Political and Judicial Life of Metadata: Digital Rights Ireland and the Trail of the Data Retention Directive

Author(s): Sergio Carrera,Elspeth Guild / Language(s): English

Keywords: Digital Rights Ireland; Trail of the Data Retention Directive; Court of Justice of the European Union;

This paper examines the challenges facing the EU regarding data retention, particularly in the aftermath of the judgment Digital Rights Ireland by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) of April 2014, which found the Data Retention Directive 2002/58 to be invalid. It first offers a brief historical account of the Data Retention Directive and then moves to a detailed assessment of what the judgment means for determining the lawfulness of data retention from the perspective of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: what is wrong with the Data Retention Directive and how would it need to be changed to comply with the right to respect for privacy? The paper also looks at the responses to the judgment from the European institutions and elsewhere, and presents a set of policy suggestions to the European institutions on the way forward. It is argued here that one of the main issues underlying the Digital Rights Ireland judgment has been the role of fundamental rights in the EU legal order, and in particular the extent to which the retention of metadata for law enforcement purposes is consistent with EU citizens’ right to respect for privacy and to data protection.

More...

0.00 €

№68 Humanitarian Visas: Option or obligation?

Author(s): Ulla Iben Jensen / Language(s): English

Keywords: Humanitarian Visas; EU-wide legal channels; EU territory; Common European Asylum System;

Third-country nationals seeking protection have no EU-wide legal channels at present for entering EU territory and triggering protection mechanisms under the Common European Asylum System. As a result, many embark on hazardous journeys, with concomitant risks and loss of human life. The absence of ‘protection-sensitive’ mechanisms for accessing EU territory, along with EU external and extraterritorial border and migration management and control, undermine Member States' refugeeand human rights obligations. Humanitarian visas may offer a remedy in this regard by enabling third-country nationals to apply in situ for entry to EU territory on humanitarian grounds or becauseof international obligations. This study asks whether the existing Visa Code actually obliges Member States to issue humanitarian visas.

More...

0.00 €

№79 Whose Mare? Rule of law challenges in the field of European border surveillance in the Mediterranean

Author(s): Leonhard Den Hertog,Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

Keywords: Rule of law challenges; European border surveillance; Mediterranean; post-Lisbon EU;

This paper examines key developments in the field of European border surveillance in the Mediterranean. By asking,‘Whose Mare?’, we focus on rule of law challenges stemming from these developments in a post-Lisbon EU. The developments examined are the Italian Navy-led Mare Nostrum operation, the debates over European ‘exit strategies’ for this operation and the ensuing launch of the Frontex Triton joint operation (JO). The recently adopted Regulation on Frontex sea border surveillance operations is also presented as a key development to understand the rule of law challenges. Moreover, the adoption of the European Union Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) and the development of several maritime surveillance systems in the EU highlight that a wide range of actors seeks authority over this field.

More...

0.00 €

№84 The EU and its Counter-Terrorism Policies after the Paris Attacks

Author(s): Didier Bigo,Sergio Carrera,Elspeth Guild,Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet,Julien Jeandesboz,Valsamis Mitsilegas,Francesco Ragazzi,Amandine Scherrer / Language(s): English

Keywords: EU; Counter-Terrorism Policies; Security and defence; Paris Attacks;

This paper examines the EU’s counter-terrorism policies responding to the Paris attacks of 13 November 2015. It argues that these events call for a re-think of the current information-sharing and preventive-justice model guiding the EU’s counter-terrorism tools, along with security agencies such as Europol and Eurojust. Priority should be givento independently evaluating ‘what has worked’ and ‘what has not’ when it comes to police and criminal justice cooperation in the Union. Current EU counter-terrorism policies face two challenges: one is related to their efficiency and other concerns their legality. ‘More data’ without the necessary human resources, more effective cross-border operational cooperation and more trust between the law enforcement authorities of EU member states is not an efficient policy response. Large-scale surveillance and preventive justice techniques are also incompatible with the legal and judicial standards developed by the Court of Justice of the EU.

More...

0.00 €

№86 What is happening to the Schengen borders?

Author(s): Elspeth Guild,Evelien Brouwer,Kees Groenendijk,Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

Keywords: Schengen borders; Crisis; Schengen system; border free system; EU;

What is happening to the Schengen borders? Is Schengen in ‘crisis’? This paper examines the state of play in the Schengen system in light of the developments during 2015. It critically examines the assertion that Schengen is ‘in crisis’ and seeks to set the record straight on what has been happening to the intra-Schengen border-free and common external borders system. The paper argues that Schengen is here to stay and that reports about the reintroduction of internal border checks are exaggerated as they are in full compliance with the EU rule of law model laid down in the Schengen Borders Code and subject to scrutiny by the European Commission. It also examines the legal challenges inherent to police checks within the internal border areas as havingan equivalent effect to border checks as well as the newly adopted proposal for a European Borderand Coast Guard system. The analysis shows that the most far-reaching challenge to the current and future configurations of EU border policies relates to ensuring that they are in full compliance with fundamental human rights obligations to refugees, effective accountability and independent monitoring of the implementation of EU legal standards.

More...

0.00 €

№61 Mass Surveillance of Personal Data by EU Member States and its Compatibility with EU Law

Author(s): Didier Bigo,Sergio Carrera,Nicholas Hernanz,Julien Jeandesboz,Joanna Parkin,Francesco Ragazzi,Amandine Scherrer / Language(s): English

Keywords: Mass Surveillance; Personal data; EU Member states; EU law;

In the wake of the disclosures surrounding PRISM and other US surveillance programmes, this paper assesses the large-scale surveillance practices by a selection of EU member states: the UK, Sweden, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Given the large-scale nature of these practices, which represent a reconfiguration of traditional intelligence gathering, the paper contends that an analysis of European surveillance programmes cannot be reduced to a question of the balance between data protection versus national security, but has to be framed in terms of collective freedoms and democracy. It finds that four of the five EU member states selected for in-depth examination are engaging in some form of large-scale interception and surveillance of communication data, and identifies parallels and discrepancies between these programmes and the NSA-run operations.

More...

0.00 €

Towards an Internal (In)security Strategy for the EU?

Author(s): Sergio Carrera,Elspeth Guild / Language(s): English

Keywords: EU’s internal security; crime; terrorism; security; cyberspace;

The European Commission published in November 2010 a Communication aiming at putting the EU Internal Security Strategy (ISS) into action. The Communication envisages five key strategic objectives for the EU’s internal security: disrupt organised crime, prevent terrorism, raise levels of security in cyberspace, strengthen external borders management and increase the EU’s resilience to natural disasters. This paper starts by critically examining the extent to which these objectives actually constitute shared common concerns in all EU27 member states andwhether they are based on independent and objective evidence. After demonstrating the contrary, we then argue that the ISS should be rather considered as an ‘Internal (In)security Strategy’ because of the lack of an accompanying solid rule of law and liberty strategy (model) focused on ensuring the delivery to everyone living in the EU (and who will be subject to increasing EU internal security policies focused on more surveillance, preventive measures and an intelligence-based approach) the twin rights of rule of law and fundamental rights.

More...

0.00 €

The Difficult Road to the Schengen Information System II: The legacy of ‘laboratories’ and the cost for fundamental rights and the rule of law

Author(s): Joanna Parkin / Language(s): English

Keywords: Schengen Information System II; cost of fundamental rights; rule of law; EU database for immigration;

This paper seeks to understand the reasons behind the considerable complications facing the project to develop a new, second generation version of the Schengen Information System (SISII). Despite the centrality of this large-scale EU database for immigration and border control purposes and the increasing prioritisation of security technologies within the EU’s internal security strategy, the project has encountered substantial delays, an escalating budget, political crises and criticisms of the new system’s potential impact on fundamental rights. To uncover the underlying causes of these difficulties and deficiencies, the paper examines the decision-making processes that have shaped the development of SIS II over the last decade. It argues that there are strong parallels between the policy processes surrounding SIS II and decision-making under the old Schengen regime, where expert driven, security oriented and fragmented decision-making took place outside the EU framework and beyond the reach of democratic and judicial oversight.

More...

0.00 €

Ignoring Dissent and Legality. The EU’s proposal to share the personal information of all passengers

Author(s): Evelien Brouwer / Language(s): English

Keywords: Dissent and Legality; personal information; EU; passenger name record;

In February 2011, the European Commission published a proposal for a new Directive on theuse of passenger name record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crimes. This proposal replaces an earlier draft of 2007 for a Framework Decision on the use of PNR data for law enforcement purposes. The new proposal does not seem to allay the earlier concerns of important stake holders with regard to the 2007 proposal. Its content contradicts not only important principles of data protection as described by the Commission in November 2010, but also the principle of proportionality underlying EU law.

More...

0.00 €

The EU’s Dialogue on Migration, Mobility and Security with the Southern Mediterranean. Filling the Gaps in the Global Approach to Migration

Author(s): Sergio Carrera / Language(s): English

Keywords: Migration; Mobility; Security; Southern Mediterranean; Migration;

Recent events in North Africa and the Mediterranean have had consequences in terms of human mobility, and are putting the foundations and components of EU’s migration policy under strain. The forthcoming European Council summit of 23-24 June 2011 is expected to determine ‘the orientations for further work’ under the Polish Presidency and the next JHA Trio Presidency Programme for the EU’s policies on cross-border migration in the Mediterranean and internal mobility within the scope of the Schengen regime. This paper constitutes a contribution to current and future EU policy discussions and responses on migration, mobility and security. It provides a synthesised selection of recommendations in these domains resulting from the research conducted by the Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Section of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) during the last nine years of work.

More...

0.00 €

The ‘Next Generation’ Visa. Belt and braces or the emperor’s new clothes?

Author(s): Can E. Mutlu,Mark B. Salter / Language(s): English

Keywords: ‘Next Generation’ Visa; EU; turbulence between the Czech and Canadian governments;

National, state-based visa waivers are ‘blunt instruments’ for border, immigration, and mobility management. A symbol of the tension between the norms of reciprocity and unilateralism: the unilateral imposition of a Canadianvisa on Czech nationals caused diplomatic turbulence between the Czech and Canadian governments, and posed apolicy problem for the EU. Should all EU member states impose a reciprocal visa on Canadians or undermine the norm of reciprocity and admit that certain member states and bilateral relations are more important than others?

More...

Publisher: CEPS Centre for European Policy Studies

European Islam. Challenges for Public Policy and Society

A people’s peace in Cyprus

Cybersecurity in Finance. Getting the policy mix right!

An Appraisal of the European Commission of Crisis. Has the Juncker Commission delivered a new start for EU Justice and Home Affairs?

Ethno-religious conflict in Europe

Scenarios for a Wider Europe

№47 An Assessment of the Commission’s 2011 Schengen Governance Package. Preventing abuse by EU member states of freedom of movement?

№53 EU Home Affairs Agencies and the Construction of EU Internal Security

№58 The ‘Lisbonisation’ of the European Parliament. Assessing progress, shortcomings and challenges for democratic accountability in the area of freedom, security and justice

№65 The Political and Judicial Life of Metadata: Digital Rights Ireland and the Trail of the Data Retention Directive

№68 Humanitarian Visas: Option or obligation?

№79 Whose Mare? Rule of law challenges in the field of European border surveillance in the Mediterranean

№84 The EU and its Counter-Terrorism Policies after the Paris Attacks

№86 What is happening to the Schengen borders?

№61 Mass Surveillance of Personal Data by EU Member States and its Compatibility with EU Law

Towards an Internal (In)security Strategy for the EU?

The Difficult Road to the Schengen Information System II: The legacy of ‘laboratories’ and the cost for fundamental rights and the rule of law

Ignoring Dissent and Legality. The EU’s proposal to share the personal information of all passengers

The EU’s Dialogue on Migration, Mobility and Security with the Southern Mediterranean. Filling the Gaps in the Global Approach to Migration

The ‘Next Generation’ Visa. Belt and braces or the emperor’s new clothes?