EXPLOITING CIVILIAN ASSETS IN MARITIME OPERATIONS AND CORRESPONDING COUNTERMEASURES
EXPLOITING CIVILIAN ASSETS IN MARITIME OPERATIONS AND CORRESPONDING COUNTERMEASURES

Author(s): Marian SANDU, Silviu-Marian FARFARA, Vlad-Alexandru ORHEAN
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense
Published by: Carol I National Defence University Publishing House
Keywords: civilian assets; shadow fleet; civil maritime infrastructure; security;
Summary/Abstract: The article aims to highlight how civilian assets can be utilized in maritime operations, particularly in the Black Sea region, and proposes countermeasures for cases where these assets are exploited within the „grey zone” of international law. The objectives of the article are structured around three key directions. The first focuses on studying clandestine networks, such as the "shadow fleet", used to evade international sanctions in terms of Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the second addresses identifying new methods for legitimate use of civilian resources, while the third concentrates on formulating effective solutions to counter them. The research methodology combines longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses, relying on specialized literature, reports and relevant studies. The article emphasizes that integrating civilian assets into maritime strategies can facilitate the circumvention of certain international restrictions while simultaneously posing significant threat to security of states in maritime operational zones, thus underlining the need for the development of effective countermeasures.

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