INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment - Volume 1
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment - Volume 1
Contributor(s): Florian Cîrciumaru (Editor), Cristina Bogzeanu (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Psychology, Governance, Public Administration, Public Law, Communication studies, Sociology, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Developing nations, Theory of Communication, Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Globalization, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
ISSN: 2668-6511
Published by: Carol I National Defence University Publishing House
Keywords: power relations; cold war; strategic competition; alliances and partnerships;
Summary/Abstract: INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment - Volume 1
- Page Count: 388
- Publication Year: 2019
- Language: English
THE COLD WAR GENEALOGY OF DONALD TRUMP’S CRITICISM OF NATO BURDEN-SHARING
THE COLD WAR GENEALOGY OF DONALD TRUMP’S
CRITICISM OF NATO BURDEN-SHARING
(THE COLD WAR GENEALOGY OF DONALD TRUMP’S
CRITICISM OF NATO BURDEN-SHARING)
- Author(s):Alexandru MUNTEANU-LUCINESCU-CASELLA
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic policy, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Electoral systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:7-16
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Donald Trump; NATO burden-sharing; Cold War; transatlantic relations; United States; defence budget.
- Summary/Abstract:Since assuming office, Donald Trump turned the burden-sharing among NATO members into one of the most contentious issues of the transatlantic relations so that his stance became a relevant topic for research and debate. Given that the roots of Trump’s criticism are to be found during the final years of the Cold War when he began to widely publicized his dissatisfaction with the major financial loss for the United States that, in his view, resulted from the defence it provided to its allies around the world, framing his views in the policy towards NATO burden-sharing followed by the United States during the Cold War, which is the purpose of this paper, contributes to further the understanding of his current position on this topic. For this purpose, in the first section of the paper are highlighted and described the two approaches to the NATO burden-sharing developed at the political level in the United States from 1949 to 1989 and the importance that successive presidents of the United States attached to them during that period is considered. In the second part of the paper, these approaches are used for analysing Trump’s influential open letter from 1987 and the widely commented speech he delivered the same year at Portsmouth Rotary Club, which both addressed the financial aspects of the defence by the United States of its allies and which turned him for the first time into a potential presidential candidate. The paper concludes that Trump’s position was not out of the ordinary because it reflected the political debates on NATO burden-sharing that took place in the United States during the Cold War and that a correct understanding of it is highly relevant for his present position on this topic given that he continued to hold the essence of it after the end of the Cold War.
STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE ARCTIC
STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE ARCTIC
(STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE ARCTIC)
- Author(s):Florin Diaconu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Security and defense, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:17-27
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:The Arctic; strategic interests; sea routes; natural resources; strategic competition; military power; sea shelf; Russia; USA; Arctic Council.
- Summary/Abstract:Along the past few centuries, the Arctic has on several occasions been the scene for intense strategic competition and/or strategic conflict. First of all, in the Age of Great Geographic Discoveries, several competing European Powers poured a lot of resources into an effort aimed at finding the so-called Northwestern Passage. Later on, in both World Wars,the Arctic was an area used by some of the Western Powers to send arms and ammunition to Russia. In the context of the Cold War, both superpowers tried a lot to operate in and control the Arctic. Nowadays, in a dramatically changed environmental context, access to the Arctic is becoming easier than ever before, strongly boosting the strategic competition of the great powers in the region. Several important actors of the international arena are now trying to expand their presence in the region, aiming at least three major goals: strategic control of vitally important sea routes, strategic control of natural resources in the region, and blocking or containing the presence and actions of their strategic competitors.
SEPARATIST STATE FORMATIONS WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY RECOGNITION: INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WARFARE
SEPARATIST STATE FORMATIONS WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY RECOGNITION: INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WARFARE
(SEPARATIST STATE FORMATIONS WITHOUT INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY RECOGNITION: INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF HYBRID WARFARE)
- Author(s):Aurelian Lavric
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:28-40
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:not recognized by the international community and partially recognized state formations; separatism; secession; regional security; hybrid warfare.
- Summary/Abstract:Separatist states without international community recognition could be considered a threat to regional and international security, challenging the international order established after the Second World War and in the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. They are an expression of the tendencies of revising the international system as, first and foremost through separatism, they undermine territorial integrity, the national security of the states they want to separate from and that face certain vulnerabilities. Analysing the list of these states, it can be noticed that they are geopolitical entities; they cannot exist without the support of some strong actors, which use them in their geopolitical games (hybrid wars). A hybrid war is part of a geopolitical game, whereby a regional power realizes its interests in a region.Such formations can survive as political entities only receiving the political, financial,logistical (military) support of a regional or global power, in exchange being tools to exert the influence of the supportive power. They survive if this is in the interest of a regional or global power.
A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO STRATEGIC CULTURES OF CHINA AND INDIA TOWARDS SOUTH ASIA: ORIGINS, MANIFESTATIONS, AND IMPACT ON REGIONAL SECURITY
A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO STRATEGIC CULTURES
OF CHINA AND INDIA TOWARDS SOUTH ASIA:
ORIGINS, MANIFESTATIONS, AND IMPACT
ON REGIONAL SECURITY
(A CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO STRATEGIC CULTURES
OF CHINA AND INDIA TOWARDS SOUTH ASIA:
ORIGINS, MANIFESTATIONS, AND IMPACT
ON REGIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Shakaib RAFIQUE
- Language:English
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Developing nations, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:41-58
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Strategic Culture; Constructivism; Hindutva; Arthshastra; Confucian; Hegemony.
- Summary/Abstract:The notion of strategic culture has gained pivotal significance in terms of foreignpolicy behaviors of Nation States today. This concept, coined by Jack Snyder, stands at the coreof comprehending the nature of inter-state relations and therefore serves as the crux of theforeign policy behaviors of modern Nation States. The notion of strategic culture hasconstructivist roots on one side, while on the other side it serves a blow to the ‘rational choicetheory’ as well. This paper is essentially aimed at employing the constructivist approach forunderstanding the constitutive elements of the strategic cultures of China and India towardsSouth Asia. This paper establishes that the roots of the strategic cultures of China and Indiatowards South Asia are essentially premised on their peculiar historical experiences,ideologies, notions and beliefs of their leadership towards the region. Furthermore, thestrategic cultures of both these countries are also guided by the “We” vs. “Others” notionsthat form the central core of a constructivist paradigm. The paper then argues that it is owingto the above characteristics that the strategic cultures of China and India differ so much fromeach other.
YEMENI HOUTHI - INSURGENT OR TERRORIST MOVEMENT?
YEMENI HOUTHI - INSURGENT OR TERRORIST MOVEMENT?
(YEMENI HOUTHI - INSURGENT OR TERRORIST MOVEMENT?)
- Author(s):Mirela Atanasiu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:59-73
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Yemen security; non-state actors; threat; power; terrorism; change.
- Summary/Abstract:In the Middle East, a series of armed non-state actors are playing increasingly changing role in the political and security dynamics of the states. Since 1990, Houthi rebels are acting as religious-based political-military movement supported by Iran, presently controlling part of northern Yemen and fighting against the governmental forces by using insurgency tactics. In the late years, there are some discussions at the international security community level related to the shifts in promoted ideology and used tactics of Houthi rebels as insurgent movement. The most recent comes from the US administration considering designating Houthis among the terrorist groups based on the shifts in Houthis ideology and actions. Thus, the paper is intended to be a theoretical case study limited at asking some questions: What background could have led to the discussions concerning the shift of Houthi group from an insurgent to a terrorist movement? What drove US administration to think of including Houthi movement in the terrorist groups’ category? How can be categorized the Houthi group from the International humanitarian law perspective, given the actual status quo of Yemen? Which could be the potential changes in the security situation of Yemen if Houthi movement will be categorized as terrorist?
THE ROLE, OBJECTIVES AND MILITARY BASES OF THE STATE ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR (2011-2019)
THE ROLE, OBJECTIVES AND MILITARY BASES OF THE STATE
ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR (2011-2019)
(THE ROLE, OBJECTIVES AND MILITARY BASES OF THE STATE
ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE SYRIAN CIVIL WAR (2011-2019))
- Author(s):Cătălin Alin Costea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:74-96
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Syrian Civil War; proxy war; Daesh; military bases; Bashar al-Assad; YPG; Kurdish forces; China; US; UK; France; Turkey; Iran; Russia; state actors.
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to analyse the military involvement of state actors in Syria’s Civil War between 2011-2019, focusing on the role and their objectives in the field. After the beginning of the Syrian Civil War, Iran, Russia, United States, Turkey, China, France and United Kingdom sent troops on the ground in Syria to support different sides in the conflict.Besides this, the states mentioned above supported military and financially either the rebels or Assad. This kind of involvement is known in specialized language as proxy war. As a result,Syria was divided into three zones of influence and complicated even more the situation due to the different interests of the state actors involved. The article aims to identify the foreign military bases located in Syria and to analyse the role and objectives of the state actors involved in the conflict.
ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS OF THE 21st CENTURY
ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS OF THE 21st CENTURY
(ALLIANCES AND PARTNERSHIPS OF THE 21st CENTURY)
- Author(s):Doina Muresan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:97-100
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:alliances; strategic partnerships; global security; peace; world economy.
- Summary/Abstract:Alliances and partnerships are one of the modern world systems built by great efforts in almost three quarters of a century. However, in the last two decades, there have been difficulties in finding a consensus on the characteristics of strategic alliances adapted to new developments. If we refer to the United States, not only have they achieved a leading position using this instrument, but they are at the top of two thirds of the world’s economic activity; they also have a similar activity in terms of military expenditures. Yet, as Michael Mullen said in relation to current partnerships, we cannot continue to make an integrated version of what we have done in the past.Finding a new model for alliances and partnerships does not mean that traditional alliances,based on a set of tactics whose strategic utility has been widely demonstrated over the last century, are overcome. But it suggests the need for another dynamic, based on the new identities and new features of the context, with a fundamental role in an ever-changing, constantly changing landscape with a direct link to the new predicted dynamic of power.
AN ASSESSMENT OF UN RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGE OF FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS
AN ASSESSMENT OF UN RESPONSE
TO THE CHALLENGE OF FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS
(AN ASSESSMENT OF UN RESPONSE
TO THE CHALLENGE OF FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS)
- Author(s):Iffat NAHEED
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy
- Page Range:101-110
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Foreign Terrorist Fighters; UN Security Council resolutions against FTFs; UN institutions against FTFs; FTFs in Syria and Iraq; UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy.
- Summary/Abstract:The phenomenon of “Foreign Terrorist Fighters” (FTFs) is considered to be a growing threat to international security and the gravest challenge to UN counter terrorism efforts. FTFs travel on call of terrorist organizations harm the states of origin, transit and destination along with the neighbouring zones.This paper is focussed on an assessment of UN’s overall efforts to combat the challenge of FTFs that are aimed on addressing the underlying causal factors that contribute towards the growth of FTFs. The issues pertaining to prevention of radicalization, recruitment, travel, and financial aspects of FTFs also constitute the primary concerns of the UN’s efforts towards combating FTFs. For its aforementioned objectives, the institutional framework of the UN has launched a capacity building implementation plan to resist the flow of FTFs in compliance with the UN Security Council Resolution 2178.The paper however concludes that despite its capacity building programmes, the scorecard of the UN and its institutional framework has remained less than impressive on account of combating FTFs. One of the main reasons for such limited success rate of UN’s counter FTF efforts is owing to a lack of focus on tailor made and customized regional solutions when it pertains to countering FTFs. This inter alia necessitates a deeper understanding of the needs of the Member States and the concerned countries’ legal and administrative systems.
ISIS AND WOMEN
ISIS AND WOMEN
(ISIS AND WOMEN)
- Author(s):Raluca Codruţa Luţai
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Labor relations, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:111-117
- No. of Pages:7
- Summary/Abstract:The status of the woman in the Islamic religion is very special. In the social sphere their status is minimal or almost non-existent. The terrorist organization known as Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS, Dae’sh) has paid special attention to the woman’s status and roles in the society. This can be seen by analysing the group’s latest production, “Rumiyah” magazine.Women are considered an important part of the struggle the Islamic State is taking against“unbelievers”1. They are the ones who nurture and grow future soldiers and are responsible for taking care of the household. They can, at the will of their husbands, leave their homes and join military operations.
DIGITAL DIASPORA. VIRTUALIZATION OF POLITICS AND NEW HYBRID CHALLENGES IN NOWADAYS ROMANIA
DIGITAL DIASPORA. VIRTUALIZATION OF POLITICS
AND NEW HYBRID CHALLENGES IN NOWADAYS ROMANIA
(DIGITAL DIASPORA. VIRTUALIZATION OF POLITICS
AND NEW HYBRID CHALLENGES IN NOWADAYS ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Iulia Anghel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Civil Society, Politics and society
- Page Range:118-130
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Romanian diaspora; digital diaspora; virtual politics; hybrid challenges; geopolitical challenges; modernization.
- Summary/Abstract:Starting with de-territorialisation of power and going one step further to the ascent of non-state political actors, the influential duo of digitalisation and globalization reshaped in a capital manner the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe. Since social media proved to be an essential tool of hybrid warfare, diasporic communities playing often the role of an interface amid local and transnational identities, the article aims to discuss the consequences triggered upon regional politics by ascent of digital diasporas, addressing topics as diasporization of homelands and autonomization of diasporic bodies, effects exerted by diaspora’s political militantism upon changing societies of former communist space and not lastly the hybrid challenges associate to virtualization of politics and ascent of non-state power groups. The last section encompasses a study case dedicated to the Romanian scenario, where to the rise of digital diaspora influenced in a capital manner the configuration, prospects of evolution and democracy engagement of local politics.
DEFENDING VALUES: THE KEY RELEVANCE OF NATO’S FUNDAMENTAL VALUES IN THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
DEFENDING VALUES:
THE KEY RELEVANCE OF NATO’S FUNDAMENTAL VALUES
IN THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
(DEFENDING VALUES:
THE KEY RELEVANCE OF NATO’S FUNDAMENTAL VALUES
IN THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT)
- Author(s):Cristina Bogzeanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade
- Page Range:131-142
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:adaptability; flexibility; cohesion; values; external challenges; liberalism; political division; strength; vulnerability.
- Summary/Abstract:This paper’s objective is to bring in the limelight the utmost importance of the fundamental principles and values laying the basis of the North Atlantic Alliance ever since its creation. This study is based on the premise that liberal democracy values and principles(respect for political and civil rights, the rule of law) are the indispensable condition of the cohesion and credibility of the Alliance, the genuine centre of gravity. The hypothesis of the present approach is that one of the most dangerous facets confrontation takes nowadays is the information one, targeting the image of liberal organizations, contributing at the erosion of their capital of trust and cohesion. In this line of thought, this is also one of the main targets in the information warfare on which all Members shall focus to enhance. The main arguments brought up will be related to evolution of NATO’s strategic concepts in relation to the major changes of international security environment, the significance and role of its core values, the description of the manner in which the current internal and external challenges impact on the Alliance, as well as the emphasis of the stillborn gap between discourse and action when referring to NATO are the main subjects approached for arguing the hypothesis. Instead of concluding this argumentation, we will launch a wake-up call on the significance of the manner in which NATO Member States report themselves to the Alliance.
THE CHANGE OF THE NEW GENERATION OF THREATS TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
THE CHANGE OF THE NEW GENERATION
OF THREATS TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
(THE CHANGE OF THE NEW GENERATION
OF THREATS TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Iulian CHIFU
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Military policy, Developing nations, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:143-153
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:unconventional threats; hybrid conflicts; technological society; identity gap.
- Summary/Abstract:National security threats and risks have evolved in ways that are putting under a question mark the very change in nature of the new generation of threats. Technology, social media, their impact on the society, as well as new instruments of hybrid nature which determine huge rifts in our democratic liberal societies are creating a new environment and new categories of threats that have never showed up before. Moreover, this type of changes have tremendous impact on the resilience of democratic societies, on the public support for spending in the security field and on the perception of the threats, including those of conventional source– military operations, espionage, subversion.
NEW CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY SECTOR
NEW CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY
AND GOVERNANCE OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY SECTOR
(NEW CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY
AND GOVERNANCE OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY SECTOR)
- Author(s):Alexandra Sarcinschi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Civil Society, Developing nations
- Page Range:154-162
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:democracy; governance; defence and security sector; illiberal democracy; national conservatism; autocratization; flawed democracy.
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to connect at a theoretical level the latest changes in the political landscape of Europe – namely the reinforcement of right-wing populism, national conservatism, Euro scepticism, etc. subsumed to the oxymoron “illiberal democracy” – to the issue of governance of the defence and security sector. Since these changes are to be considered challenges to nowadays democracy, it is obvious that the security sector might be placed under pressure by those who govern it and are not committed to the set of principles specific to this type of political leadership. The author will introduce a brief description of Europe’s political landscape, will identify some representative countries currently governed by nationalist parties and will correlate them with the most important indicators regarding governance of the defence and security sector.
RUSSIAN FAKE NEWS – A NEW INSTRUMENT OF PROPAGANDA
RUSSIAN FAKE NEWS – A NEW INSTRUMENT OF PROPAGANDA
(RUSSIAN FAKE NEWS – A NEW INSTRUMENT OF PROPAGANDA)
- Author(s):Mara Sofia CRĂCIUNESCU
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Media studies, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
- Page Range:163-170
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Russia; European Union; U.S.A; propaganda; fake news; hybrid war;elections.
- Summary/Abstract:Russia is using the internet to spread propaganda, by sharing fake news, which creates tensions between states. The first targets were the European neighboring countries. In order to create an ideal image of Russia, the fake messages would raise the trust of the countries in the information coming from there. Other targets were the European countries at some crucial moments, such as the 2014 European Parliament elections and regional elections and also U.S.A., due to personal interests in the 2016 presidential elections. In this paper, recent statistics presenting the current influence of Russian mass-media are reviewed.The latest reports on the targeted countries and means adopted by European institutions for combating the Russian propaganda are presented. All of these show a tremendous impact of fake news on population’s opinion and international politics.
FUTURE GEOPOLITICS OF A DEMOGRAPHICALLY CHANGING EUROPE
FUTURE GEOPOLITICS OF A DEMOGRAPHICALLY CHANGING EUROPE
(FUTURE GEOPOLITICS OF A DEMOGRAPHICALLY CHANGING EUROPE)
- Author(s):Dragoș Ionuț PALĂ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Geopolitics
- Page Range:171-183
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:geopolitics; demography; Europe; changes; migration impact.
- Summary/Abstract:In the last part of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, demographic data has been set for a major change that will affect Europe as a whole. These changes will take place in the next 20 to 30 years and are so potent that they can modify the geopolitical landscape of the continent forever. In this circumstance it is of vital importance to understand where the demographics of Europe were, where they are and in which direction they are going. Thus, we can map out the future pols of geopolitical power and the manner in which they will influence the continent. The article uses qualitative and quantitative methods to paint the picture of the near future of Europe and tries to answer the question of how the future geopolitics of the continent will look. To better understand the situation demographic and economic data will be introduced and analysed with the intent of predicting future pols of economic power and implicitly geopolitical power.
EXTREMISM AND RADICALISM – CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SECURITY
EXTREMISM AND RADICALISM – CHALLENGES
FOR THE EUROPEAN SECURITY
(EXTREMISM AND RADICALISM – CHALLENGES
FOR THE EUROPEAN SECURITY)
- Author(s):Teodor Badiu, Daniel-Mihai DUȚU
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:184-194
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:globalization; extremism; radicalism; radicalization; de-pluralization; security.
- Summary/Abstract:The development of industries and the emergence of globalization have led to the alteration of the physical boundaries of the states, and the geographical proximity has given rise to the desire of each individual to have a different identity than others, desire that led to the emergence of radical and extremist ideologies and movements. These differ according to factors that cause individuals to radicalize, but also depending on the purposes of these movements. Thus, the international society faces many radical movements, such as radical Islamism, revolutionary nationalism and extreme populism, resulting in the accession of extremist groups in national and international leadership structures. Today we are talking about mass radicalization representing a real threat to international and human security that generalized especially since 9/11.This paper aims to analyze the causes and modes of manifestation of extremist ideologies,focusing on radicalization models and on the impact that these ideologies and movements have on both international and individual levels
THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY – WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY – WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
(THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITY – WHAT DOES IT MEAN?)
- Author(s):Sorina Ana Manea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Security and defense, Military policy
- Page Range:195-202
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:threat; national security; investigative powers; beneficiaries.
- Summary/Abstract:This essay discusses the necessity of defining the content of the concept of threat to national security, not from the point of view of a particular criterion, but from the perspective of describing social behavior and the subjects involved in dealing with and addressing the situations that disrupts the state of national security. It also tries to specify some content elements for the national security threat concept and to bring to the readers’ attention the importance of this concept to the Romanian national security architecture.
A STUDY ON CYBER SECURITY LESGISLATION
A STUDY ON CYBER SECURITY LESGISLATION
(A STUDY ON CYBER SECURITY LESGISLATION)
- Author(s):Simona Enescu
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense
- Page Range:203-212
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:cyber security; legislation; jurisdiction; sovereignty, awareness; security culture; cooperation; human rights.
- Summary/Abstract:The cyber space amplitude and the cyber threats variety pose a great challenge in protecting the internet users, given the attackers’ capability of acting from anywhere in the world, the impact that an attack might have on real life, and also the difficulty of reducing vulnerabilities and a cyber-attack consequences management. States need to address this area by legislation, as part of international organizations’ or national security strategy, given the fact that at least three out of five types of cyber threats aim to directly affect critical infrastructures – cyber war, cyber espionage and cyber terrorism. The risk and potential consequences of such acts generated a new mission in terms of security.International organizations, as well as some states, already adopted strategic legislation on cyber security, but less importance was given to implementing national laws. These norms need to consider issues like jurisdiction, sovereignty or responsibility in a global space. But there are not few those who consider that cyber security legislation could affect human rights.So it raises the question if these laws are really necessary, given the cyber threats’ evolution,or it’s enough to establish certain guidelines in approaching them.
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY
IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
(APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL DIPLOMACY
IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS)
- Author(s):Cristina Bodoni
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense
- Page Range:213-224
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:Since 2009, the year of the establishment of the first digital diplomacy department within the US Department of State (US foreign ministry), this type of diplomacy has spread to all states and international organizations. Ending the first decade of official practicing digital diplomacy, we see that digital diplomacy has covered all branches of diplomacy, whether we agree with it or not. Although, in ten years, digital diplomacy became a buzzword in theory and practice, we consider that it is not yet sufficiently explored. The purpose of this article is to find out what kind of online tools and applications are effective in the practice of digital diplomacy in intergovernmental organizations. In responding to this question, we take into consideration the following assumptions: (a) by strengthening the means of diplomacy through digital diplomacy, the multilateral diplomacy revitalized the global and/or regional partnership for sustainable development of collaboration between state,organizations and people and (b) international organizations, their member states and the other international actors recognize this practice as legitimate and powerful in the international relations.This study focuses on the specific applications from the internet adapted in multilateral organizations in conducting digital diplomacy and provides a better understanding and framing of this concept. In this paper, we examine the digital diplomacy’s applications in three multilateral organizations: NATO, Council of Europe (CoE), and OSCE.
OSCE WORK ON CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES IN CYBERSPACE: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL FUTURE EVOLUTIONS
OSCE WORK ON CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES
IN CYBERSPACE: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES
AND POTENTIAL FUTURE EVOLUTIONS
(OSCE WORK ON CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES
IN CYBERSPACE: ACCOMPLISHMENTS, CHALLENGES
AND POTENTIAL FUTURE EVOLUTIONS)
- Author(s):Cristina-Florentina Dincă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense
- Page Range:225-234
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:cybersecurity; CBMs; OSCE; challenges; cyber threats; cyber space.
- Summary/Abstract:Under the auspices of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe(OSCE), the Organization’s 57 participating States have developed and continued to work on a ground-breaking set of confidence-building measures (CBMs) to reduce the risks of conflict stemming from the use of ICTs (Information Communication Technologies). They are designed to make cyberspace more predictable and offer concrete tools and mechanisms to avoid and address potential misunderstandings. The paper will explore the main features of the OSCE work in the cyberspace, more precisely the two sets of confidence-building measures, their accomplishments and challenges, and a perspective on future potential developments. The paper is structured as follows: a brief introduction will provide a view on the main OSCE mechanisms in the cyber domain, the first part is devoted to the analysis of the two sets of confidence building measures, and the last part will provide a scrutiny on achievements,challenges and potential future developments.
MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN'S REFORMS VS. WAHHABI RULES: A CHALLENGE FOR THE STATUS QUO OF THE SAUDI STATE?
MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN'S REFORMS VS.
WAHHABI RULES: A CHALLENGE FOR THE STATUS QUO
OF THE SAUDI STATE?
(MUHAMMAD BIN SALMAN'S REFORMS VS.
WAHHABI RULES: A CHALLENGE FOR THE STATUS QUO
OF THE SAUDI STATE?)
- Author(s):Ecaterina Maţoi, Diana-Monica Constantin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Civil Society, Security and defense, Developing nations, Political behavior, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:235-248
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Wahhabism; as-Saud family; reforms; Muhammad bin Salman; ulema.
- Summary/Abstract:In the mid-eighteenth century, the as-Saud family concluded an agreement with Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, a rebellious preacher who promoted a very literal approach to Islamic religious precepts and was against of any deviation from the initial practices of Islam. This understanding between the Wahhabis and the As-Saud family has legitimized the latter to pursue an expansionist policy and to create a sustainable state at the beginning of the twentieth century. Therefore, the Saudi monarchy monopolized political and military action,while the Wahhabi clergy took over the religious, legal and social spheres of the newly established Saudi state. However, with the "modernizing" reforms initiated by Muhammad bin Salman (MbS) in 2017 in Saudi Arabia, such as authorizing women to drive or reopening cinemas – among others - accompanied by his statements and initiatives calling for a moderate Islam - have been interpreted by the fundamentalists as a tendency to break the historic pact between the Saudi House and the Wahhabi religious institution.In this paper we will try to see to what extent the reforms so widely circulated in the regional,international and local press, are sustainable in the long term, taking into account the importance and role of Wahhabi ulema in the Saudi society and, equally, if the "moderateIslam" model promoted by MbS could find supporters among them.
WAR FOR WATER
WAR FOR WATER
(WAR FOR WATER)
- Author(s):Viorel Ordeanu, Benoni Andronic, Lucia Elena Ionescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Public Administration, Developing nations, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:249-257
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:water; hydropolitics; water conflicts; war for water; areas of conflict; survival.
- Summary/Abstract:The role of water is so important in all practical aspects of life, then the need to control water resources is a mandatory condition for mankind, that has and will always lead to conflicts and even war, be it declared or not, for water. Conflicts have been a constant throughout history, as well as the regulations for water access, all these may be shortly named politics of water – hydropolitics. Fresh water is a limited natural resource, and the growing demand for this resources may be the cause of conflict escalation and wars, as it is the case for oil. The availability of drinking water per capita is inadequate and insufficient on a global scale. The spread of water on the planet is not equal, considering geographical area, season and historical period, which poses a potential threat for the relations between people, nations, countries and alliances. The history of conflicts for water is old and when the political and diplomatic means fail, wars for water can emerge.
CROSS BORDER CRIME IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
CROSS BORDER CRIME
IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
(CROSS BORDER CRIME
IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION)
- Author(s):Diana-Gabriela Pohață
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Civil Law, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:258-268
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:cooperation; corruption; transnational organized crime; drug trafficking; trafficking in human beings; poverty.
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of globalization, transnational organized crime is gaining huge proportions, especially in recent years. Trade abundance, poor cooperation, and high levels of poverty lead inevitably to cross-border crime. Drug trafficking is experiencing a huge increase all across Central and Eastern Europe. The present article aims to identify the current situation of this scourge in Romania and other states of the world.
THE VULNERABILITIES OF PUBLIC POLICIES – TAX EVASION
THE VULNERABILITIES OF PUBLIC POLICIES – TAX EVASION
(THE VULNERABILITIES OF PUBLIC POLICIES – TAX EVASION)
- Author(s):Diana-Gabriela Pohață
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Public Law, Security and defense
- Page Range:269-278
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:tax evasion; tax fraud; taxes; fiscal legislation; public policy; vulnerabilities.
- Summary/Abstract:The public policy, in particular, fiscal policy and fiscal legislation of a state, has an important role for today's entire society. The level of tax evasion increases considerably, in Romania, from one year to another, given that the collection of taxes is one of the lowest rates in the European Union. For this reason, public policy on these threats must be clear and concise, as well as sanctions in the area of tax evasion.
ON STRATEGY IN HYBRID WARFARE
ON STRATEGY IN HYBRID WARFARE
(ON STRATEGY IN HYBRID WARFARE)
- Author(s):Dan Lucian Petrescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:279-290
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:hybrid threat; hybrid warfare; aggression; strategy; resilience; whole-of government; conflict prevention.
- Summary/Abstract:Hybrid warfare is one of the most complex issues regarding the security of actors in the world, at the beginning of the 21st century. Each hybrid threat has a configuration which corresponds to a strategic model that underpins the manifestation of the threat – the hybrid aggression – carried out by an aggressor against a target, usually a state actor. The latter has to develop a system in a “whole-of-government” approach, corresponding to its own characteristics, integrated into that of the partners and adapted to the configuration of the hybrid threat that may be conducted against it, which allows the target to survive and counteract it, meaning to detect and prevent the threat, to manifest resilience against the aggression and to respond accordingly. The hybrid threat countering system must implement a coherent strategy, which uses all instruments of power in actions carried out across all are as that define the state actor to achieve all national security goals and to meet the purpose for which it was created.
THEORIES ON HYBRID THREAT AND HYBRID WAR. DEVELOPMENTS IN MILITARY THINKING
THEORIES ON HYBRID THREAT AND HYBRID WAR.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MILITARY THINKING
(THEORIES ON HYBRID THREAT AND HYBRID WAR.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MILITARY THINKING)
- Author(s):Costinel Nicolae MAREȘI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:291-299
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:operational concept; unconventional; asymmetrical tactics; hybrid threat; multimodal war; transnational criminal organizations; fight for perceptions; information operations.
- Summary/Abstract:Suggesting a short citation of Marcus Luttrell, one of the American heroes of Asadabad, Afghanistan 2005, we can say that the war is not only black and white, it can also be gray, and the one who refuses to fight in the gray zone may lose the fight. This is the simplistic description, but it is a realistic way of conducting the contemporary war.In practice, the hybrid war existed, some said, just before being theorized, but this fundamental feature has gained new strengths in the contemporaneity, through the massive integration of aggressive means belonging to other plans than the military one. The theories regarding the hybrid war were accepted and granted by the schools of military thinking thanks to the efforts of experienced military personnel that fought in the conflict zones after the Cold War, the academic environment in the field of military sciences and the military organizations/ military entities that develop and apply military doctrines.
NATO-EU STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS
NATO-EU STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS
(NATO-EU STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR COUNTERING HYBRID THREATS)
- Author(s):Costinel Nicolae MAREȘI
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:300-307
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:strategic partnership; NATO-EU; hybrid threat; strategic communication; cyber defense.
- Summary/Abstract:The start of NATO-EU strategic partnership in countering hybrid threats was marked on July 8, 2016. At the NATO summit in Warsaw the president of the European Council Donald Tusk, the president of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker and NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg signed a joint statement on EU-NATO cooperation in the field of defense and security. The discussions held by both parties at this summit aimed at starting joint projects against a common adversary, the 21st century hybrid threats. The general opinion was for increasing the ability to counter hybrid threats by strengthening resilience, by exchanging timely information and partnerships between intelligence departments, for building a strategic communication coordinated between both parties, as well as for having corresponding and coordinated military exercises built on countering hybrid threat scenario.
SPACE STRATEGIES IN THE 21st CENTURY: INITIATING “STRATEGIC PROTECTED COSMIC AREAS”. IS THE “IMMEDIATE COSMIC SPACE” AN “ASSET FOR THE ENTIRE HUMANITY”? THE NEW AMERICAN STRATEGIC CONCEPT “MOON-MARS STRATEGIC COMPLEX”
SPACE STRATEGIES IN THE 21st CENTURY:
INITIATING “STRATEGIC PROTECTED COSMIC AREAS”.
IS THE “IMMEDIATE COSMIC SPACE” AN “ASSET FOR THE
ENTIRE HUMANITY”? THE NEW AMERICAN STRATEGIC
CONCEPT “MOON-MARS STRATEGIC COMPLEX”
(SPACE STRATEGIES IN THE 21st CENTURY:
INITIATING “STRATEGIC PROTECTED COSMIC AREAS”.
IS THE “IMMEDIATE COSMIC SPACE” AN “ASSET FOR THE
ENTIRE HUMANITY”? THE NEW AMERICAN STRATEGIC
CONCEPT “MOON-MARS STRATEGIC COMPLEX”)
- Author(s):Mădălina Virginia Antonescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Welfare systems, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:308-319
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:In our opinion, at present, academics are not giving enough attention to a fully developing and transforming topic – the geostrategic evolutions of the so-called “near cosmic space”. Major strategic doctrines of great powers include, nevertheless, several express or implicit elements regarding this area. Our paper is proposing to identify and explore briefly,some elements of the American strategic doctrine concerning relation to cosmic space, after the Cold War epoch, to identify lines of strategic continuity and elements of novelty brought by Trump doctrine. Can we talk about initiation, within the American strategic doctrine, under Trump administration, of a very ambitious strategic concept regarding cosmic space that canbe a tri-dimensional strategic complex (Earth-Moon-Mars), within a space doctrine, where“Moon–Mars” are considered to represent two inter-connected strategically elements forming a single area? How is the American strategic doctrine relating to the extra-Earth space? Canwe talk about a strategic concept as the “near cosmic space”/ “the space close vicinity” and what would be its limits? What would be US contribution in creating a ”strategic orbital complex” to include/exclude the present international space station, and what would be the basis for re-discussion of the present international space cooperation? Can we talk about consecration of the “protected strategic cosmic areas” concept, or about the “near cosmic space as common good of the whole mankind”?
TOWARDS AN EXTENDED STRATEGIC CONCEPT IN THE 21st CENTURY: “THE GREAT NATO SPACE” AND THE EXPANSION TOWARDS THE PACIFIC. THE STRATEGIC “DOUBLE-OCEAN” CONNECTION
TOWARDS AN EXTENDED STRATEGIC CONCEPT
IN THE 21st CENTURY: “THE GREAT NATO SPACE”
AND THE EXPANSION TOWARDS THE PACIFIC.
THE STRATEGIC “DOUBLE-OCEAN” CONNECTION
(TOWARDS AN EXTENDED STRATEGIC CONCEPT
IN THE 21st CENTURY: “THE GREAT NATO SPACE”
AND THE EXPANSION TOWARDS THE PACIFIC.
THE STRATEGIC “DOUBLE-OCEAN” CONNECTION)
- Author(s):Mădălina Virginia Antonescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Geopolitics
- Page Range:320-331
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:double heartland; double-ocean; new strategic concept; NATO extra-Atlantic expansion; Pacific century.
- Summary/Abstract:The 21st century world is a dynamic, atypical one, with an evolution based on new paradigms that are forcing existent structures, ones 70 years old, to adapt, to expand, to re-invent,in order to achieve a better control over the new strategic environment. Thus, starting from the“Pacific Century” paradigm, as one with a special importance within the framework of American strategic doctrine in previous US administrations, and equally, taking into account doctrinal strategic elements taken over and developed by Trump administration regarding “Pacific Century”, within the present paper we’ll explore windows and possibilities of NATO present strategic concept regarding expansion towards extra-Atlantic zones, especially to the Pacific area. This premise signifies to take into account inclusively a future NATO development to a superior level in comparison with the present one, by considering the “double-ocean” paradigm (Atlantic Pacific). A strategic concept regarding NATO in the 21st century would mean to initiate a strategic control developed simultaneously by NATO, regarding two oceans (as strategic areas), as strategically inter-connected (as old heartland and new heartland, as Old Europe and New Asia).From this premise, multiple strategic approaches can be developed, subsequently.
NUCLEAR DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN JOINT MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS
NUCLEAR DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
IN JOINT MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS
(NUCLEAR DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
IN JOINT MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS)
- Author(s):Alexandru Herciu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:332-342
- No. of Pages:11
- Summary/Abstract:We are witnessing these days an unprecedented harsh controversy over the development of nuclear capabilities as a result of the failure of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. The brawls are more complicated than that, in the sense that there are many concerns for the development of combat components with nuclear warheads with tactical, operational, and strategic use. The main objective of the paper is to address issues related to the management of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) information in the operation of multinational joint forces that possess nuclear capabilities or operate in nuclear environment. Considering that the use of nuclear weapons at the right time can create favorable conditions for achieving decisive results in the dynamics of military operations, the lethal consequences of their use can significantly influence military operations and increase the complexity of the battlefield. Under these circumstances, allied forces must be able to perform all types of operations in such a complex environment.
SEA CONTROL – AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOR NAVAL FORCES
SEA CONTROL – AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOR NAVAL FORCES
(SEA CONTROL – AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOR NAVAL FORCES)
- Author(s):Valentin – Marian Toma, Ion Chiorcea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Security and defense, Military policy, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:343-349
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:sea control; naval forces; capabilities; command and control; cover and protection; military pressure; sea lines of communication.
- Summary/Abstract:Sea control is designed to secure a given part of the sea and control the sea lines of communications for a specific purpose, which essentially means that one side possesses superiority over its enemy, and interrupts or cuts off the enemy’s sea lines of communication without major opposition from the enemy. It means that the enemy does not have a significant capability to interfere with the stronger side. Controls of a specific sea area require strong naval forces which is able to achieve a substantial degree of control of surface, air and subsurface. Sea control can be strategic, operational, and tactical; it depends on the dimension of the maritime domain where the sea control concept is applied. The structure and the capabilities of naval forces are essential for maintaining sea control for a period of time. By obtaining sea control in a specific maritime area, the stronger side can exert a strong political,diplomatic and military influence on the events.
CAMOUFLAGE, CONCEALMENT AND DECEPTION IN MILITARY OPERATIONS
CAMOUFLAGE, CONCEALMENT AND DECEPTION
IN MILITARY OPERATIONS
(CAMOUFLAGE, CONCEALMENT AND DECEPTION
IN MILITARY OPERATIONS)
- Author(s):Ciprian Tudor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:350-361
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:camouflage; concealment; deception, imagery; intelligence; military operations; hiding; blending; disguising; disrupting; decoying.
- Summary/Abstract:One of the imperatives of military doctrine is to conserve combat power or decisive action. Such conservation is aided through sound operations security (OPSEC) and protection against attack. Camouflage, concealment and Deception (CCD) is an essential part of operations, ranging from tactical to strategic levels. It must be integrated into METTTC analyses and the IPB process at all echelons. CCD is a primary consideration when planning OPSEC. The skillful use of CCD tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) is necessary if a combat formation is to conceal itself and survive. A general knowledge of CCDTTPs also allows friendly troops to recognize CCD when the enemy uses it. CCD degrades the effectiveness of enemy intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and target acquisition(ISTAR) capabilities. Preventing detection impairs enemy efforts to assess friendly operational patterns, functions, and capabilities. Improved survivability from CCD is not restricted to combat operations. Benefits are also derived by denying an enemy the collection of information about friendly forces during peacetime, as well as in crisis and wartime.
GEOINT IN MONITORING AND DETECTION OF MILITARY CAMOUFLAGE, CONCEALMENT AND DECEPTION –GEOINT COUNTERDECEPTION
GEOINT IN MONITORING AND DETECTION OF MILITARY CAMOUFLAGE, CONCEALMENT AND DECEPTION –GEOINT COUNTERDECEPTION
(GEOINT IN MONITORING AND DETECTION OF MILITARY CAMOUFLAGE, CONCEALMENT AND DECEPTION – GEOINT COUNTERDECEPTION)
- Author(s):Ciprian Tudor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Military policy
- Page Range:362-370
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:GEOINT; camouflage; concealment; deception; imager; RS; intelligence; military operations; electromagnetic spectrum; multispectral; hyperspectral.
- Summary/Abstract:Enemy camouflage, concealment and deception (CCD) degrades the effectiveness of friendly intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and target acquisition(ISTAR) capabilities. By using CCD means and techniques the enemy disrupt friendly efforts to assess enemy’s operational patterns, functions, and capabilities. Therefore, CCD enhances enemy survivability by reducing friendly's ability to detect, identify, and engage enemy elements. However, using advanced RS software, geospatial information systems, imagery and different GEOINT techniques, CCD detection can be made possible, hence the denial of enemy CCD efforts.
THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS FOR EVACUATION AND MEDICAL SUPPORT
THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS FOR EVACUATION AND MEDICAL SUPPORT
(THE USE OF AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS FOR EVACUATION AND MEDICAL SUPPORT)
- Author(s):Grigore Eduard Jeler
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Military policy
- Page Range:371-378
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Unmanned System; Telemedicine; medical support; Multi-Domain Battle; medical robotics.
- Summary/Abstract:By studying the conflicts, it was concluded that the vast number of victims between the ranks of the medical personnel during every confrontation takes place while trying to treat the soldiers engaged in battle under enemy fire, and between the combatants, there are lots of casualties while providing support for the wounded comrades. There with, the human medical personnel performs difficult interventions in dangerous areas(e.g. mined or NBC contaminated). Autonomous systems could be having diverse applications, such as: victims’ localization,tactical retreats and evacuations, in-flight care for the wounded military personnel during the process of transportation, medicine delivery; telemedicine. The aim of this article is to analyse the existing and potential uses of autonomous systems regarding medical evacuation and support.
MILITARY AND CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS OF UAV SYSTEMS
MILITARY AND CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS OF UAV SYSTEMS
(MILITARY AND CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS OF UAV SYSTEMS)
- Author(s):Grigore Eduard Jeler
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Labor relations, Military policy
- Page Range:379-386
- No. of Pages:8
- Summary/Abstract:Various UAV models have proliferated around the world in the last decade, while technology has improved, allowing their greater use, both in the military, but also in the civilian sector. UAV systems present unique strategic challenges, which are relatively new to military planners. As for the civil sector, although they are at the beginning, there is an exponential increase in the areas of use. According to the NATO classification, the UAVs are classified according to their size, altitude, range and operational area divided into three basic groups based on these attributes. The varying sizes and ranges of different UAV models offer unique advantages and disadvantages to each group. The paper is an in-depth analysis of the military and non-military applications of UAVs, depending on the technical characteristics and the purpose of their deployment.