СРБИЈА: РОД, ПОЛИТИКЕ, СТАНОВНИШТВО
SERBIA: GENDER, POLITICS, POPULATION
Author(s): Vladimir Kostić, Slavica Đukić Dejanović, Mirjana M. Rašević
Subject(s): Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history, Demography and human biology
Published by: Институт друштвених наука
Keywords: Gender equality; Serbia; Demography
Summary/Abstract: Зборник садржи радове предавача по позиву саопштене на скупу "Србија: род, политике, становништво", који је одржан у Српској академији наука и уметности 2. октобра 2019. године.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-7093-235-7
- Page Count: 234
- Publication Year: 2020
- Language: Serbian
РОДНИ АСПЕКТ РОДИТЕЉСТВА
РОДНИ АСПЕКТ РОДИТЕЉСТВА
(THE GENDER ASPECT OF PARENTHOOD)
- Author(s):Mirjana M. Rašević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Family and social welfare
- Page Range:11-27
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:childbearing decision; women’s status; socioeconomic development; Birth Promotion Strategy; 2030 Agenda
- Summary/Abstract:Research shows that women’s dissatisfaction with their status in intimate partner relationships, family and society is one of the factors of belowreplacement fertility in Serbia. This paper considers the level of gender equality as a determinant of a population’s fertility through a number of different perspectives. First, it discusses the theoretical explanation of the significance of this factor to birth levels in a developed population by applying the theory of planned behaviour. The presented view is corroborated by crossreferencing macro data on the status of women, the level of socioeconomic development and the birth levels in the European countries. The inputs used in that regard include the Gender Inequality Index, the Human Development Index and the total fertility rate. Further, the paper illustrates the unequal position of women in various aspects of life in Serbia, which influences their decision to have children, by presenting the findings of a number of recent studies of various types. Lastly, it analyses the expectations from the policy response in Serbia, regarding the fulfilment of the goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Birth Promotion Strategy that are relevant to the gender aspect of parenthood.
ОДГОВОР НА ИЗАЗОВЕ РОДИТЕЉСТВА/МАТЕРИНСТВА ДЕЦЕ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ
ОДГОВОР НА ИЗАЗОВЕ РОДИТЕЉСТВА/МАТЕРИНСТВА ДЕЦЕ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ
(RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES OF BEING A PARENT/MOTHER OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN)
- Author(s):Mirjana V. Bobić, Milica Z. Vesković Anđelković
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Sociology
- Page Range:29-47
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:primary school children; problems; parents; after-school care; extracurricular activities
- Summary/Abstract:The paper operationalizes two goals objectives of the revised Birth Promotion Strategy, adopted by the Serbian Government in 2018: to balance work and parenthood and to lower the psychological cost of parenthood. The paper is structured around the results of the complementary, quantitative and qualitative field research, undertaken in 2019 in major Serbian cities and suburban settlements with the aim to determine the extent of parents’ use of and satisfaction with the services provided by primary schools – i.e. afterschool care and extracurricular activities, as well as to seek the opinions of other relevant stakeholders – headmasters, professional staff (teachers, pedagogues) and parents – on the challenges children faced and the possible solutions in the infrastructure and school environment, the educational process (curricula, contents, teaching aids and methodologies, class organization, the quality of school staff, school year calendar, teacher–pupil relationship etc.), in the family, society and so forth. The research was exploratory (online survey and 9 interviews) and the respondents were predominantly women/mothers, mainly from Belgrade, highly educated, employed, professionals and artists, selfassessing as having decent living standards and, thus, belonging to the middle class, and whose children usually did not use the services provided by schools but rather attended paid activities and relied on informal support networks (grandparents and relatives). This is used as evidence in support of the hypothesis on the reproduction of the cultural habitus and social inequalities of middle class already at the early stages of education.
Трагање ѕа собом у приватној сфери – ново очинство као нови простор израза за мушкарце
Трагање ѕа собом у приватној сфери – ново очинство као нови простор израза за мушкарце
(ASSERTING ONESELF IN THE PRIVATE SPHERE – NEW FATHERHOOD AS MEN’S NEW ARENA)
- Author(s):Dragan T. Stanojević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
- Page Range:49-71
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:new fatherhood; masculinity; undoing gender
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper we will analyse the narratives of fathers whose parenting style is described as “new fatherhood”. To that end, we will seek to answer the following two guiding questions: 1. Which aspects of gender roles, identities and practices are essential to creating a man’s identity? 2. Which areas within the family sphere are potentially conducive to the evolution of gender neutral practices? Most of the interviewed fathers maintain that there should be no genderbased divisions in parenting and household duties and that, in their particular cases, there really are none. This process opens the space for creating and expanding a neutral area where certain activities such as cooking, cleaning, dressing the child etc. become purely technical and devoid of gender symbolism. However, claiming one’s right to be present in the private sphere, establishing a fundamental relationship with a child, as well as asserting the legitimacy of male parenting competences, raises the issue of a potential rivalry within this sphere, a rivalry that is primarily determined by gender boundaries. The delegitimization of the private area as a distinctively female area can be an act of micropolitical power, especially if it does not coincide with the delegitimization of other patriarchal roles attributed to men. Therefore, what appears to be undoing gender in the private sphere may actually be new gender positioning. The equalization of men’s and women’s position in the labour market and the absence of guarantees that men will be the primary breadwinners causes a number of men to change their attitudes towards the professional life and to find identity anchors elsewhere – inside their homes.
О СЕКСУАЛНОМ И РЕПРОДУКТИВНОМ ЗДРАВЉУ ЖЕНА И МУШКАРАЦА
О СЕКСУАЛНОМ И РЕПРОДУКТИВНОМ ЗДРАВЉУ ЖЕНА И МУШКАРАЦА
(ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN AND MEN)
- Author(s):Nebojša Radunović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:73-89
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:pregnancy; infertility; reproductive health; assisted reproductive technologies; demographic challenges
- Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the frequency of sexually transmitted infections among girls and boys in the Republic of Serbia, as well as the large number of induced abortions, resulting in numerous complications. Sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted from mother to child before, during or after childbirth. Pregnant women with sexually transmitted diseases have a higher risk of miscarriage and premature birth. Serbian health statistics indicate that a considerable proportion of the population suffer from diseases that could have been prevented. A broad concept of reproductive health promotion is a very important prevention measure, which should also influence the thoughts of young people about marriage, family, the best period of life for childbirth from a biological perspective and the relationship between women and men. We are witnessing an increase in the number of women postponing childbirth to a late reproductive period due to social reasons, with the misconception that assisted reproductive technology practices can compensate for the decline in fertility in later life. The demographic characteristics of the Republic of Serbia are characterized by unsettling data on population decline and population aging. In the Republic of Serbia, the importance of reproductive and sexual health has been recognized through numerous legal documents.
ДА ЛИ ЖЕНЕ ЖИВЕ ДУЖЕ ОД МУШКАРАЦА У СРБИЈИ?
ДА ЛИ ЖЕНЕ ЖИВЕ ДУЖЕ ОД МУШКАРАЦА У СРБИЈИ?
(DO WOMEN LIVE LONGER THAN MEN IN SERBIA?)
- Author(s):Jelena N. Stojilković Gnjatović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:91-111
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:life expectancy; differential mortality; sex structure; healthy life years
- Summary/Abstract:Women’s longer life expectancy compared to men’s is the consequence of the interaction of biological, behavioral and cohortspecific determinants shaping the dynamic numerical sex ratio at various ages. Serbia’s population corroborates the demographic constant of women living longer than men, and of the largest difference in life expectancy being at birth, followed by a slight decrease in younger cohorts before almost balancing out in the oldest population. Over the past half century, there have been dramatic changes in the mortality model of the female population, which are responsible for almost all shifts in the overall population’s life expectancy. This increase was predominantly influenced by the youngest cohorts of women until the 1990s, when a less favorable mortality pattern was detected in the female population. Had it not been for the regressive trends in female mortality in the 1990s, the gender differences would have been even more pronounced. As the greatest shift in the past 15 years, the female and male population over the age of 60 have significantly increased their contribution to the overall increase in life expectancy compared to younger age cohorts. The analysis of the data on healthy life years confirms the existence of the malefemale healthsurvival paradox, which is also the most striking conclusion we can draw on gender inequalities. Although women have longer life expectancies, men spend a greater proportion of their lives without major health problems.
РОДНА ДИМЕНЗИЈА СИРОМАШТВА СТАРИЈИХ У СРБИЈИ
РОДНА ДИМЕНЗИЈА СИРОМАШТВА СТАРИЈИХ У СРБИЈИ
(GENDER DIMENSION OF POVERTY OF THE SERBIA’S ELDERLY POPULATION)
- Author(s):Gordana Matković, Katarina Stanić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Welfare systems, Family and social welfare
- Page Range:113-141
- No. of Pages:29
- Keywords:elderly women; at-risk-of-poverty; material deprivation; single-person household; pension gap
- Summary/Abstract:The gender differences in the living standard in Serbia are not pronounced. They become evident only among the elderly aged 65+ and intensify with further aging. According to EUSILC (2017), the greatest disparities of the atriskofpoverty rate (AROP) and the severe material deprivation (SMD) rate in Serbia are registered among the elderly aged 75+ (7.5 pp and 10 pp, respectively). At the same time, both indicators suggest that women in this age group are the most vulnerable group in Serbia (as their respective AROP and SMD rates are 8.4 pp and 4.3 pp higher compared to those of the general population). Since the first EUSILC wave, the atriskofpoverty rate has increased the most for elderly women 75+. According to the severe material deprivation indicator, the gender differences in the 75+ age group are among the highest and elderly women aged 75+ in Serbia are among the most vulnerable compared to the EU countries. As individuals share (at least formally) the fate of the household they live in, these differences are mainly the consequence of the heterogenous living arrangements, but also of the gender gap in pensions as the most important source of income in old age. Elderly women more often than men live in singleperson households (30.7% and 17.1%, respectively), which are far more vulnerable than an average household, while women’s pensions are lower than men’s (a 21.5 % gap) as a result of the negative cumulative effect caused by their less favourable position in the labour market.
РОДНИ АСПЕКТ МИГРАЦИЈА
РОДНИ АСПЕКТ МИГРАЦИЈА
(THE GENDER ASPECT OF MIGRATION)
- Author(s):Vesna M. Lukić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:143-169
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:social change; internal migration; international migration; migration policy; gender
- Summary/Abstract:Scientific and professional communities worldwide have lately shown increasing interest in the gender aspect of various phenomena. In that respect, demographic processes have also been increasingly dissected in the light of gender relations. This paper analyses the gender dimension of migration, with a special focus on Serbia. For that purpose, various data sources have been used and selected empirical studies have been considered. The findings point to gender differentiated migration processes. The gender structure of immigrants and internal migrants is predominantly femalebiased, whereas in the case of commuters it is dominated by males. The most genderbalanced part of Serbia’s population are the emigrants. For a better understanding of genderspecific causes and consequences of migration, the complex interdependence between gender relations and migration within the various phases of the migration cycle has also been discussed. Emphasis is put on the significance of the gender perspective of migration studies for the creation of efficient migration policies in the context of migrationrelevant general and sector policies.
ПРОСТОРНО-ДЕМОГРАФСКА ПОЛАРИЗАЦИЈА РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГ ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛА СРБИЈЕ – ОГРАНИЧЕЊЕ РАЗВОЈНИХ ПОЛИТИКА
ПРОСТОРНО-ДЕМОГРАФСКА ПОЛАРИЗАЦИЈА РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГ ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛА СРБИЈЕ – ОГРАНИЧЕЊЕ РАЗВОЈНИХ ПОЛИТИКА
(THE SPATIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC POLARIZATION OF SERBIA’S REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL – THE LIMITATION OF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES)
- Author(s):Vladimir Nikitović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Welfare systems, Family and social welfare
- Page Range:171-195
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:Birth Promotion Strategy; sex ratio at ages 20–39; balanced spatial development; population projections; migration
- Summary/Abstract:The paper’s underlying hypothesis is that the fulfilment of most of the National Birth Promotion Strategy objectives is substantially limited by the observed spatial patterns of the gender imbalance in the population at prime reproductive ages due to the continuous impact of internal and international migration. Exante valorisation of the Strategy objectives at district level, within the optimistic scenario of Serbia’s demographic development until 2050, was interpreted from the angle of the reference scenario, which is not based on the effects of the population policy but rather on the theoretical and empirical considerations of the possible changes in the components of the population dynamics, and from the viewpoint of a hypothetical zeromigration scenario. Although persistent implementation of pronatalist measures would alleviate adverse demographic trends at the national level, most notably by increasing the total number of live births in Serbia after 2035, this would reflect an entirely unbalanced spatial pattern of the country’s population development. Demographic vitality would only be manifested in the zone around the DanubeMorava corridor where the largest urban centres are concentrated, whereas almost all border and predominantly mountainous areas, especially in the east and southeast of the country, would face an unsustainable demographic development in the long term. Therefore, the urgency of adopting adequate policy documents aimed at reducing the adverse impact of international migration, which is highly regionally selective, as well as of balancing the regional and district development levels as the drivers of internal migration, is indisputable.
ДОМЕТИ ДЕМОГРАФИЈЕ У ИСТРАЖИВАЊИМА РОДНОГ ПИТАЊА
ДОМЕТИ ДЕМОГРАФИЈЕ У ИСТРАЖИВАЊИМА РОДНОГ ПИТАЊА
(THE BOUNDS OF DEMOGRAPHY IN GENDER RESEARCH)
- Author(s):Mirjana Devedžić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Demography and human biology
- Page Range:197-217
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:demography; gender; bounds; specificities
- Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the extent to which gender issues are included in demographic research and the potential of the population science for illuminating gender issues. The discussion is based on the theoretical and methodological characteristics of demography. The nature of the relationship between women’s status and demographic outcomes is emphasized, as well as the transition of the research focus from “the differences in demographic characteristics of the two sexes” to “gender inequalities as a principle of organization of society” and the factor of the demographic behavior. It also discusses the formal character of demography and the bounds of demographic analysis based on quantitative methods, as well as the current and future relevance of data in unraveling the phenomenology of gender. On the other hand, the paper emphasizes the social and anthropological character of demography, which is often neglected. An important part of the discussion is the presentation of the critical thinking of demographers themselves about their science’s research potential, especially from an epistemological perspective. In reviewing the pertinent literature, a chronological approach was followed in order to determine the developmental tendencies of the connections between gender and demography. Finally, the specificities and underutilized capacities of the population science in gender research are indicated.
ЖЕНЕ АКАДЕМИЦИ У САНУ
ЖЕНЕ АКАДЕМИЦИ У САНУ
(FEMALE MEMBERS OF SASA)
- Author(s):Nada M. Milošević Đorđević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
- Page Range:219-233
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:women; academicians; sciences; arts; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents a list of fortysix Serbian and foreign women who were accepted into membership of the Serbian Learned Society, the Serbia Royal Academy or the Serbian Academy of Sciences (and Arts) between 1876 and 2018. In a way, it is also an announcement of three or four volumes about female SASA academicians, which will be published as an Academy project by the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, modeled on The Life and Work of Serbian Scientists edition. The article includes short biographies of the women, focusing on the contributions they had or have made in their careers. In the very beginning, the accepted women were typically visual artists and one was a composer (another one came later). They adopted the mainstream European styles of their time, while retaining the distinctive ethnic elements. The same pattern applied to writers, as well as to literary historians. In the fields of Ethnochoreology and Ethnomusicology, as expected given the nature of the corpus, the connections with the tradition are emphasized. Many of the female SASA members were/are historians, studying the Ancient and Middle Ages, as well contemporary events. The art historians are predominantly interested in the Medieval period. Linguistics 1s represented with all its branches, relying on the text corpora, on the one hand, and on various theoretical approaches, on the other. In the field of chemical and biological sciences, research has followed the European approaches, although new ones have also been introduced. Female physicians, well versed in the global developments, have created innovations. The mathematicians have achieved seminal accomplishments, thanks to their use of interdisciplinarity. The only electric engineer among them researches active antenna arrays. The common characteristic of all female SASA members, regardless of whether they are foreign scientists or women who stayed in their homeland, is that they have contributed greatly to Serbian science and arts.
