Proceeding of 34th International Scientific and Technical Conference Automation of Discrete Production Engineering 2025
Proceeding of 34th International Scientific and Technical Conference Automation of Discrete Production Engineering 2025
Contributor(s): Reneta Dimitrova (Editor)
Subject(s): Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Published by: Национално издателство за образование и наука „Аз-буки“
Keywords: automation of discrete production engineering; automation of the flow of parts; industrial robots and robotic complexes; assembly automation; mechatronics, control systems in discrete production engineering; CAD/CAM/CAE systems and virtual engineering
Summary/Abstract: Since 1998, the department has held annually International Scientific and Technical Conference “Automation of Discrete Production Engineering” within the scientific days of the Technical University of Sofia. The conference is attended by leading scientists from Bulgaria and abroad. A special session is held, where innovative developments of students and young scientists are presented. Presentation of companies working in the field of automated discrete production and mechatronics is organized. Within the framework of the conference, a Round Table is held where current issues and problems of education, science and business are discussed. The conference is organized by the Department of “Automation of Discrete Production Engineering” at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Sofia. The topic of the conference is in the field of mechatronics, automation and robotization of discrete production. Nine main scientific directions are distinguished: 1) Theoretical problems of automation of discrete production engineering 2) Technologies and machines for automated discrete production engineering 3) Automate the flow of parts 4) Industrial robots and robotic complexes 5) Assembly automation 6) Mechatronics 7) Control systems in discrete production engineering 8) Innovation and engineering of automation of discrete production engineering 9) CAD/CAM/CAE systems and virtual engineering. XXXIV International Scientific and Technical Conference “Automation of Discrete Production Engineering 2025” (XXXIV ISTC “ADP 2025”), from June 29 to July 2 2025 in the city of Sozopol.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-7667-74-5
- Page Count: 239
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English
Enhancing cost efficiency in manufacturing through 3C: an excel-based solution
Enhancing cost efficiency in manufacturing through 3C: an excel-based solution
(Enhancing cost efficiency in manufacturing through 3C: an excel-based solution)
- Author(s):Ramë Likaj, Gëzim Hoxha, Albi Macula
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:8-22
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Cost Estimation; Manufacturing Processes; Production Planning; Automated Calculation; Data-Driven Decision Making; Excel Programming; VBA; Manufacturing Optimization; Cost Analysis
- Summary/Abstract:Manufacturing cost estimation is crucial for improving production efficiency and competitiveness. This paper describes a responsive and real Production Cost Program that is structured as an interactive form that incorporates data analysis for a variety of production processes such as milling, drilling, laser cutting, and water jet cutting. The system uses the supplied data to select the best processing methods, assuring accurate cost calculations. The user interface acts as a structured questionnaire, requiring users to enter essential parameters such as materials, machining procedures, and production volume. Once these inputs are entered, the system automatically computes the required cost factors in the background of the application by referencing pre-entered tabular data. This method reduces user effort while retaining high accuracy in cost estimation. The program that was built by using Microsoft Excel as a programming tool, leveraging its advanced formula-based calculations, macros, and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) scripts to automate data processing. Its structured style enables dynamic cost analysis with real-time accuracy. Excel’s interaction with external databases extends functionality beyond standalone estimation. The program that we have created in this paper and its adaptability enables modification to industry requirements, streamline cost analysis and optimizing production planning. Excel’s automation and scalability increase resource allocation, waste reduction and adaptability to a wide range of manufacturing environments.
Optimizing assembly cost estimation using 3C: focus on welding and mechanical fasteners
Optimizing assembly cost estimation using 3C: focus on welding and mechanical fasteners
(Optimizing assembly cost estimation using 3C: focus on welding and mechanical fasteners)
- Author(s):Afrim Gjelaj, Besart Berisha, Albi Macula
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:23-31
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:cost estimation; assembly; automated calculation; optimization; cost analysis; welding and mechanical fasteners
- Summary/Abstract:Accurate estimation of assembly costs is essential for enhancing manufacturing efficiency and competitiveness. This study investigates the application of the 3C (Crafts Cost Calculator) for modeling and optimizing the costs associated with welding and mechanical fastening in assembly operations. Optimization of bolted joints is essential not only for mechanical integrity but also for reducing system cost and weight (Croccolo, 2023). In contrast, welding processes, although structurally rigid, require precise control of parameters to ensure quality and minimize waste. Taguchi and gray relational analysis can significantly improve the quality and reliability of stud welding (Çinay, 2023), while temperature and time strongly influence weld performance and cost (Birtha et al., 2023). Through the 3C platform, this research models and compares the labor, equipment, and operational costs of both methods, integrating real manufacturing data to produce practical insights. Co-optimization of planning and supply chain decisions can substantially impact overall production cost (Nwodu et al., 2022), highlighting the broader implications of integrating digital cost modeling tools early in the design process. The findings offer a structured approach for manufacturers to select cost-effective assembly strategies and demonstrate the value of the 3C tool in supporting design and operational decision-making.
Importance of sheet metal processing technologies in the process of development of feeding systems
Importance of sheet metal processing technologies in the process of development of feeding systems
(Importance of sheet metal processing technologies in the process of development of feeding systems)
- Author(s):Penko Mitev, Kiril Mitev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:32-39
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:part feeding; fiber metal cutting; optimization
- Summary/Abstract:This paper reviews the importance and significance of various sheet metal technologies in the process of development of part feeding systems. Reviewed are the most important types of part feeders, the individual operations that are related to the production of these systems. Main challenges during the design phase are also indicated as well. Focus is spent on the methods and technologies related to the individual operations and a practical experiment is conducted comparing the lead time before and after in-house integration of some of the technologies.
Classification of 3D print technologies
Classification of 3D print technologies
(Classification of 3D print technologies)
- Author(s):Nikolay Stoimenov, Gabriela Kotseva, Vanya Georgieva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:40-53
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:3D printers; technologies; additive manufacturing
- Summary/Abstract:This article aims to classify the different types of 3D printers and their technologies, providing an overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with additive manufacturing. This classification aims to help understand the variety of solutions and technologies available on the market and their applications in various fields such as industry, science, education, society and others.
Design of an automatic machine for simultaneous parallel processing of prismatic parts
Design of an automatic machine for simultaneous parallel processing of prismatic parts
(Design of an automatic machine for simultaneous parallel processing of prismatic parts)
- Author(s):Reneta Dimitrova, Sasho Vazharov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:54-64
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:automation; prismatic part; simultaneous parallel processing; design
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this work is to design and create an automatic machine for simultaneous processing of two parallel surfaces, which will be implemented as an automatic machine with independent drive of one or both spindles in position and speed. The automatic machine will reduce the cost of time and labor, increase productivity and reduce the cost of production. To achieve the goal, have been developed a conceptual diagram of the necessary automation devices, a kinematic diagram of the designed new specialized devices and a manipulation diagram of the automated technological process. 3D models of the automatic machine with the designed specialized feeding device and specialized tightening device have been created. The necessary calculations have been made, and a work cycle diagram has been compiled.
Designing robotic cells in the environment ROBOGUIDE
Designing robotic cells in the environment ROBOGUIDE
(Designing robotic cells in the environment ROBOGUIDE)
- Author(s):Stiliyan Nikolov, Boryan Vladimirov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:65-73
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:CARC system; ROBOGUIDE; FANUC; robotic cells; “Pick and Place”
- Summary/Abstract:Robotic cells are production cells specialized in the processing of a specific group of products. With the introduction of CARC systems into engineering practice, it became possible to use these systems not only for programming industrial robots, but also in the design of robotic production cells. The article examines the capabilities of the CARC system ROBOGUIDE for designing variants for robotic cells for performing “Pick and Place” operations. The main steps for evaluating the generated variants and selecting the optimal one are defined. Example of using the defined steps is given.
On modelling robotic manufacturing systems
On modelling robotic manufacturing systems
(On modelling robotic manufacturing systems)
- Author(s):Ivanka Peeva, Chavdar Kostadinov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:74-82
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:modeling; model; production system; robotic technological module; industrial robot
- Summary/Abstract:Analytical and simulation modeling are commonly used methods for analysis and optimization of manufacturing systems in various industrial fields. In the presented paper, some considerations relevant to the creation of models used in the design of new or operation of existing robotic process modules constituting manufacturing systems are discussed.
Multi-criteria optimization of the structure of an automated assembly system
Multi-criteria optimization of the structure of an automated assembly system
(Multi-criteria optimization of the structure of an automated assembly system)
- Author(s):Ivo Malakov, Velizar Zaharinov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:83-97
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:design; assembly automation; structural variant; multicriteria optimization; mathematical model; application software
- Summary/Abstract:This article discusses solving the problem of choosing an optimal structural variant of an automated assembly system for the assembly of a “Brush holder”. Based on a developed technological process for assembling the product, the partial functions of the assembly system are determined, and alternative variants are developed for their implementation. The set of possible structural variants is constructed, taking into account the compatibility between the devices and the possibility of performing more than one partial function by one device, i.e. the presence of polyfunctional devices. The problem of selecting an optimal structural variant is formulated, the set of criteria for evaluating the alternative variants and the constraints are determined. A mathematical model of the optimization problem is constructed. The formulated multicriteria optimization problem is solved both with equivalent objective functions, and with different priorities.
Surface-shaping mechatronic neural network
Surface-shaping mechatronic neural network
(Surface-shaping mechatronic neural network)
- Author(s):Dobri Komarski, Velizar Vassilev, Hristiana Nikolova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:98-108
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:mechatronic; neural network; flexure; rotation; surface-shape; parallel kinematic
- Summary/Abstract:Neural networks are fundamental concept in artificial intelligence and machine learning, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. A neural network is a computational model composed of interconnected nodes (called neurons or units) organized in layers. These networks are designed to recognize patterns, learn from data, and make predictions or decisions. As a part of the neural networks, mechanical neural networks are physical systems designed to mimic the behavior of artificial neural networks using mechanical components. These systems leverage the properties of materials and structures to process information, adapt to external stimuli, or perform tasks such as pattern recognition, optimization, or control. The developed surface-shaping mechanical neural network is based on systems with parallel kinematics but in addition contains sensing elements part of the electronic system controlled by developed software. The system can adapt its surface geometry depend on the external stimuli, in this case the force applied on it.
Synthesis, training and analyzing the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) for controlling the longitudinal motion of an unmanned aerial vehicle
Synthesis, training and analyzing the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) for controlling the longitudinal motion of an unmanned aerial vehicle
(Synthesis, training and analyzing the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) for controlling the longitudinal motion of an unmanned aerial vehicle)
- Author(s):Radostina Calovska, Stefan Biliderov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:109-122
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV); Longitudinal Motion; Fuzzy Interference System (FIS) Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
- Summary/Abstract:Researching the possibilities of controlling different mechatronic systems with elements of artificial intelligence expands their potential application in different spheres of the human life. In the presented material, an algorithm for building an artificial neural network (ANN) has been synthesized, which is used in controlling the longitudinal motion of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
Integrating STEMM principles in laparoscopic surgery training
Integrating STEMM principles in laparoscopic surgery training
(Integrating STEMM principles in laparoscopic surgery training)
- Author(s):Veronika Ivanova, Ani Boneva, Vasil Metodiev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, School education, Vocational Education, Human Resources in Economy, Business Ethics
- Page Range:123-137
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:STEMM education; training; robotics; mechatronics; surgical skills
- Summary/Abstract:In recent decades, laparoscopic surgery has emerged as a standard medical procedure worldwide, gradually replacing conventional open surgery due to its numerous advantages, including reduced recovery time, lower risk of complications, and improved patient outcomes. However, in several countries, the adoption of laparoscopic techniques remains limited, primarily due to the high costs associated with advanced surgical technologies and the need for specialized training programs. There is a pressing demand for cost-effective and accessible training methodologies to equip surgeons with the necessary skills. The STEMM environment provides a valuable opportunity for training outside the operating room in a safe environment under experienced guidance without risk to patients. The integration of STEMM principles in laparoscopic surgery has its strength in subject integration, learning in context and teaching-research activity, emphasizing the connection of learning knowledge with realities, interactivity, combining learning with game elements, reflexivity, working in a modern technological environment, and the unity of knowledge-skills-assessment. The implementation of new technologies, such as various forms of surgical simulations, in surgical training, aims to improve the learning experience, learning outcomes, patient safety, and the quality of healthcare. Here, modern surgical training methods such as simulation, VR and AR technologies robotic-assisted surgery, and haptics interface are presented, as well as their importance for acquiring good surgical skills. This study aims to address this gap by proposing an innovative approach to laparoscopic training, integrating the principles of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM). By incorporating modern technologies into surgical education in an accessible and structured manner, this approach seeks to enhance the training of medical students and early-career surgeons.
Motion and control of surface-shaping mechatronic neural network
Motion and control of surface-shaping mechatronic neural network
(Motion and control of surface-shaping mechatronic neural network)
- Author(s):Velizar Vassilev, Dobri Komarski, Hristiana Nikolova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:138-148
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:mechatronic; neural network; surface-shape; motion; control
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the motion and control system of a developed surface-shaping mechatronic neural network. The system integrates force sensing resistors that detect user input, allowing the surface to adapt its form based on the intensity and pattern of the applied force. Depending on the input, the shape of the surface can be convex, concave, inclined or any other combined shape as a result of the input data. Focus of this paper is the description of the overall system architecture, including selection, development and integration of hardware components and the control algorithms. The proposed neural network could be applied in different areas while offering an approach to input data driven shape manipulation.
Robust analysis of a quadrocopter
Robust analysis of a quadrocopter
(Robust analysis of a quadrocopter)
- Author(s):Martin Kambushev, Radoslav Chalakov, Desislava Ilieva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:149-163
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:singular numbers; sensitivity; additional sensitivity; robust control
- Summary/Abstract:The report analyzes the singular numbers of a quadcopter. The sensitivity and additional sensitivity in the operating frequency range of the system are studied. The influence of uncertainties of the open and closed system is modeled.
Research on artificial neural networks as a regulator for an aviation DC generator
Research on artificial neural networks as a regulator for an aviation DC generator
(Research on artificial neural networks as a regulator for an aviation DC generator)
- Author(s):Kiril Kambushev, Nayden Chivarov, Martin Kambushev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:164-172
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:PID; neural networks; DC generator; control; regulator
- Summary/Abstract:In this report, a study of the properties of the artificial neural networks in the process of voltage regulation of an aviation DC generator has been made. The system’s response to a disturbance expressed in the application of a single step signal will be evaluated. This disturbance will be expressed in a change in the generator rotation speed.
Artificial intelligence and biometric technologies in defense: algorithms and challenges
Artificial intelligence and biometric technologies in defense: algorithms and challenges
(Artificial intelligence and biometric technologies in defense: algorithms and challenges)
- Author(s):Radoslav Chalakov, Andon Andonov, Viara Jekova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy, Business Ethics
- Page Range:173-181
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Artificial intelligence; biometric data; human resource management; deep neural networks; support vector machines (SVM); identification and verification
- Summary/Abstract:Human resource management in defense is crucial for the efficiency, security, and readiness of military organizations. Emerging biometric recognition technologies and their application in defense HR management, facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI), play a pivotal role in advancing biometric identification systems. These systems incorporate technologies such as fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, iris scanning, and voice identification. When combined with AI-driven algorithms, they enhance the accuracy and efficiency of biometric data analysis and processing. This paper examines the mathematical algorithms underpinning the identification process, including support vector machines (SVM), deep neural networks (DNN), and biometric feature extraction methods. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges associated with implementing such technologies in the defense sector, encompassing ethical and legal considerations related to personal data protection.
Budget-oriented control system for intelligent building automation modules with feedback
Budget-oriented control system for intelligent building automation modules with feedback
(Budget-oriented control system for intelligent building automation modules with feedback)
- Author(s):Pancho Tomov, Lubomir Dimitrov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:182-189
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:control systems; electric drive; positional control system; PLC
- Summary/Abstract:The modern concept of smart cities is a vision for urban development to integrate multiple information and communication technology (ICT) and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions in a secure manner to manage city assets, which include, but are not limited to, information systems of, libraries, transportation systems, hospitals, power plants, water supply networks, waste management and other public services. The goal of building a smart city is to improve the quality of life by using urban informatics and technologies to improve the efficiency of services and meet the needs of residents. ICT is used to improve the quality, efficiency and interactivity of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption and to improve the contact between citizens and government. Most smart city concepts rely heavily on the use of innovative technologies involving various modular components that need to be multiplied within the smart environment. This requires building automation systems to increasingly use budget solutions for the implementation of supporting modules. One of the solutions in this area is the use of small-sized and single-chip controllers, as well as intelligent sensors. In the presented article, a concept for controlling mechanical movements based on potentiometric feedback and servomotors used in building automation modules is developed.
Application of computer modelling and simulation systems and intelligent decision support technologies in control systems
Application of computer modelling and simulation systems and intelligent decision support technologies in control systems
(Application of computer modelling and simulation systems and intelligent decision support technologies in control systems)
- Author(s):Chavdar Kostadinov, Ivan Hristozov, Veselina Aleksandrova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:190-196
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:modeling; simulations; decision charging; control systems; artificial intelligence
- Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes modern technologies and systems in the field of artificial intelligence and their application to decision support at the management level for security and defense needs. The paper explores the applications of technologies using modelling and simulation for decision making in management systems. The development and capabilities of large language models (LLM) are presented using which different types of artificial intelligence (AI) are implemented. A model of the activities in the application of intelligent decision support technologies based on current advances in artificial intelligence is developed. The proposed model is developed with a specialized application for building architectural models using the Unified Modeling Language.
How to select projects and allocate funds to obtain the total maximum profit for facing many different investment projects in the production strategy management plan of discrete production enterprise
How to select projects and allocate funds to obtain the total maximum profit for facing many different investment projects in the production strategy management plan of discrete production enterprise
(How to select projects and allocate funds to obtain the total maximum profit for facing many different investment projects in the production strategy management plan of discrete production enterprise)
- Author(s):Bao Gang, Pavel Vitliemov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:197-216
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:production investment; K-means clustering analysis; TOPSIS method; dynamic programming; screening and allocation; maximum return on investment
- Summary/Abstract:The market is developing rapidly, and the choice of production investment projects presents diversity and complexity. Manufacturing enterprises not only need to select high-profit target products (multiple target products) suitable for their own production but also need to reasonably allocate limited resources to ultimately obtain the maximum total income of all investment projects. Therefore, manufacturing enterprises are faced with many challenges when selecting production investment projects and allocating limited resources. In the process of selection and allocation, enterprises need to combine their own conditions to select investment and production, strengthen cost management, and pursue the maximization of investment benefits. Here, our research in this area becomes important. This paper proposes a new method to establish an efficient process of investment project selection and resource allocation to obtain maximum total profit and emphasizes the importance of investment project selection and limited resource allocation. The basic steps and modules required for this process are described: the first step is to use the clustering analysis method (K-means) to cluster and screen the products with a high target profit in the market. In the second step, TOPSIS method is used in combination with the limited actual production conditions of the manufacturing enterprise to optimize the sequence of alternative and ideal solutions for the high-net profit products selected by the first step, and the good and bad solutions are sorted. The third step uses the dynamic programming model to optimize the allocation of resources for several target projects selected in the first two steps to obtain the total maximum profit. These 3 steps will be connected through MATLAB software series commands. In this paper, theoretical analysis and software programming simulation are carried out to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of the scheme. The advantage of this system is to efficiently screen out high-net profit investment and production projects from many products in the sales market, sort and select the final target projects in combination with the actual production conditions and capabilities of the manufacturing enterprises themselves and rationally allocate limited resources to obtain the maximum profit return of the total investment. This is an investment process with goals and plans, reasonable screening and allocation as well as maximum return on investment.
Optimizing the mass of an orientation module for delta robots
Optimizing the mass of an orientation module for delta robots
(Optimizing the mass of an orientation module for delta robots)
- Author(s):Stiliyan Nikolov, Reneta Dimitrova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:217-228
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:topological optimization; orientation module; CAE system; product design
- Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the optimization of the mass of an orientation module for a delta robot. The stages of the process of optimizing the mass of designed products are defined, taking into account the specifics of their design. Recommendations for using the defined stages are given. Topological optimization of details of the orientation module design, determined according to the given criteria at the relevant stage of the optimization process, was performed. The defined stages are applied to the optimization of the orientation module for a delta robot.
Performance improvement and validation of a high temperature test fixture by virtual prototyping
Performance improvement and validation of a high temperature test fixture by virtual prototyping
(Performance improvement and validation of a high temperature test fixture by virtual prototyping)
- Author(s):Georgi Todorov, Konstantin Kamberov, Yavor Sofronov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Business Ethics
- Page Range:229-239
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:virtual prototyping; physical prototyping; high temperature device; test fixture; vibrations; dynamics
- Summary/Abstract:This study presents an approach used in the design improvement of a high-temperature test fixture. The approach unites virtual and physical techniques to assess the structure after its preliminary design and first physical tests. Virtual prototyping is used to detect the possibilities of design improvement to meet the imposed requirements of the test. Performed simulations, using the virtual prototype, at that product development stage, allows for assessing various design parameters at a high level of confidence. The testing of a physical prototype is used to validate simulation results. The presented methodology is demonstrated in an industrial use case for high-temperature test fixture application. The main contribution of this study is related to the way the combination of virtual and physical prototyping and testing at different product development stages applies to the development of industrial fixtures and other similar products.
