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CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY Cover Image

PROVOCĂRI ȘI STRATEGII ÎN ORDINEA ȘI SIGURANȚA PUBLICĂ
CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY

Contributor(s): Vasile Muscalu (Editor), Gheorghe Iovan (Editor), Ameluța Vișan (Editor), Monica Balaban (Illustrator)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Labor relations, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Military policy, Law on Economics, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields, Labour and Social Security Law
Published by: Editura Universitară
Keywords: law; safety; strategies; politics; police; legislation; justice; internal affairs; public law; private law; social; science; security; law enforcement; human rights; investigation; international legislation; criminal law; defense;
Summary/Abstract: Conferința Științifică Internațională a Academiei de Poliție ,,Alexandru Ioan Cuza” București. International Scientific Conference - Police Academy ,,ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” Bucharest.

Series: PROVOCĂRI ŞI STRATEGII ÎN ORDINEA ŞI SIGURANŢA PUBLICĂ EDIȚIA A-IX-A

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-606-28-1616-2
  • Page Count: 311
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Language: English, Romanian, French
Gestionarea afluxului de refugiați în contextul crizei din Ucraina și impactul asupra Ordinii și Siguranței Publice

Gestionarea afluxului de refugiați în contextul crizei din Ucraina și impactul asupra Ordinii și Siguranței Publice
(Managing the influx of refugees in the context of the crisis in Ukraine and the impact on Public Order and Safety)

  • Author(s):Iulian Andon
  • Language:Romanian, French
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Regional Geography, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Security and defense, Military policy, Penal Policy, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
  • Page Range:9-15
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:management; refugees; war; influx; trafficking;
  • Summary/Abstract:Cet article vise à présenter les enjeux de la gestion de l'afflux de réfugiés dans le contexte de la crise en Ukraine et l'impact sur l'ordre et la sécurité publics. L'essence de la gestion du phénomène dans de telles situations réside dans la réaction rapide et appropriée aux événements qui menacent. Par conséquent, on peut dire que la gestion des situations de crise comprend l'ensemble des mesures adoptées à tous les niveaux du gouvernement, y compris les ministères, les conseils départementaux et locaux, afin d'assurer et de renforcer l'ordre et la sécurité publics. De ce fait, nous examinerons les causes de l'augmentation des valeurs de trafic aux points de passage frontaliers de l'État, les mesures adoptées dans le plan opérationnel afin de gérer l'afflux de réfugiés et l'impact sur l'ordre et la sécurité publics.
AMENINȚĂRILE DE TIP TRANSNAȚIONAL ÎN ERA GLOBALIZĂRII. PSIHO-SOCIOLOGIA ATACURILOR TERORISTE DIN CATALONIA

AMENINȚĂRILE DE TIP TRANSNAȚIONAL ÎN ERA GLOBALIZĂRII. PSIHO-SOCIOLOGIA ATACURILOR TERORISTE DIN CATALONIA
(TRANSNATIONAL THREATS IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION. PSYCHO-SOCIOLOGY OF TERRORIST ATTACKS IN CATALONIA)

  • Author(s):Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Civil Society, Governance, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:16-21
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:terrorism; transnational threats; sociology of globalisation; European security;
  • Summary/Abstract:Terrorist threats to European security in the context of globalisation are of major relevance because of their global implications at the psycho-socio-individual level. This article proposes a qualitative analysis of the two terrorist attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils on 17-18 August 2017, claimed by ISIS members of the Salafist insurgent group. The approach brings to attention the issue of transnational threats and the anomie of terror partisans. The characteristics of the terrorist's personality profile, the pyramidal structure of involvement within a group, motivation, dynamics of actions according to intra-cellular organization, sphere of interest according to geographical location, level of involvement, influence of social, economic, cultural realities are brought under the microscope of analysis. A detailed analysis reveals the meticulousness of the practices of the groups, with a view to prevention and increasing the solidarity of the responsible institutions and civil society in combating the phenomenon.
MIHAI CARAMAN – SPION DE ELITĂ ÎN INTELLIGENCE-UL ROMÂNESC

MIHAI CARAMAN – SPION DE ELITĂ ÎN INTELLIGENCE-UL ROMÂNESC
(MIHAI CARAMAN - ELITE SPY IN ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE)

  • Author(s):Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Governance, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case
  • Page Range:22-26
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Romanian intelligence; Caraman Network; propaganda;
  • Summary/Abstract:The profile of a spy of calibre in the history of Romanian intelligence is the focus of a qualitative meta-analysis that proposes to focus attention on his professional performance recorded in successful operations. It is unfair to place his world-class work in the background and to highlight the ideas that he damaged NATO, that he was manipulated by the French intelligence services for the benefit of the Russians. The hypothesis is structured around the research question: is Mihai Caraman a victim of history or not? Suspicions are woven around the good French-Romanian relations during the De Gaulle regime, Caraman can boast a prodigious intelligence gathering activity. His indisputable merits build and maintain a leader of vocation, affirmed in the creation and coordination of the Network that bears his name.
Coordonate esențiale ale situației umanitar-migraționiste din Ucraina; impactul acesteia în ce privește România

Coordonate esențiale ale situației umanitar-migraționiste din Ucraina; impactul acesteia în ce privește România
(Essential coordinates of the humanitarian-migratory situation in Ukraine; its impact regarding Romania)

  • Author(s):Adrian Băncilă
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Governance, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and law, Politics and society, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:27-36
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:war; Ukraine; Russia; humanitarian response; immigration; Romania; European Union; Romanian realities;
  • Summary/Abstract:From 2022, an unprecedented armed conflict, in the last 50 years in this area of the world, is taking place on Romania's borders. Our country has shown a high level of generosity, hospitality and solidarity in its efforts to help Ukrainian refugees fleeing the armed conflicts in their homeland. The Romanian government has implemented policies and emergency measures to provide protection, access to vital services and social inclusion in national systems. As far as Romania is concerned, the characteristics of the refugee population have imposed an integrated approach to educational services. This approach was adapted to combat language barriers but also the reluctance of the refugees to call on educational services based on their personal conviction. Romania, through its leadership, realized on the occasion of the serious events that took place in 2022, that in the Romanian administrative systems the administrative barriers still remain significant and only through sustained and coordinated efforts (consisting of legislative interventions and changes in public policies and strategies) can they be overcome.
Războiul din Ucraina și provocările la adresa securității publice

Războiul din Ucraina și provocările la adresa securității publice
(The war in Ukraine and the challenges to public security)

  • Author(s):SORIN-STELIAN CĂPĂȚÎNĂ
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Civil Society, Governance, Security and defense, Military policy, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
  • Page Range:37-46
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:The war in Ukraine; public security; threats; risks; vulnerabilities; organized crime; terrorism;
  • Summary/Abstract:Started in February 2022, through a military aggression by Russia, the war in Ukraine represents a threat to international security, but it can affect, without reaching the generalization of the conflict, the public security of the states of Europe, but especially of the states near the area of conflict.Like any military conflict, it generates a series of crises in the economic, social, humanitarian, public order etc. The huge wave of refugees transited the states bordering the conflict, to take shelter from the war, generating a series of social problems in the destination countries.The challenges to public security must be analysed from multiple perspectives: of crime, of public pressure determined by the population of the destination countries, of the economic and social impact that the European Union states must sustain for supporting the Ukrainian war effort, and subsequently for reconstruction of affected areas.In creating scenarios of crisis evolution, past events must be considered. The refugee crisis caused by emigrants from North Africa and the Middle East has caused a series of economic and social problems in Europe, sometimes culminating in population protest movements against population that have committed delicts or crimes.Refugees or migrants are not always just helpless people running from war or repression in their countries of origin; elements that are part of organized crime networks or, why not, terrorist can easily infiltrate among them.Starting from some certain aspects, the article wants to identify and analyse potential aspects that could affect public security, in the context of the Ukrainian crisis.
Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice

Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice
(The implications of legislative gaps on the activity of ascertaining contraventions with an impact on the norms of social coexistence and public order and tranquility)

  • Author(s):Ciprian Eugeniu Constantin, Denisa-Cristina Niță
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Civil Society, Public Administration, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies, Administrative Law, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:47-53
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:similarity; crime; misdemeanor; public order; law enforcement;
  • Summary/Abstract:We chose this subject because we believe it represents a head topic for public order activity, especially regarding law enforcement. In the content of the article, we decided to approach some of the similarities in the provisions of the Criminal Code, Law no. 61/1991, respectively Law no. 4/2008.Analyzing the normative framework from the perspective of law enforcement by public order bodies, certain existing challenges can be found during the execution of the missions in terms of the legal framing of the facts, respectively risks that fall on the erroneous application of a misdemeanor punishment for committing an act of a criminal nature. At the same time, it was analysed the managing of a specific case in the sports environment by the bodies empowered to apply sanctions or to ascertain the commission of the act (eg: the statements of former coach Oprița Daniel from the fall of 2022, in the context of confrontations between the gendarmes and CSA Steaua supporters which resulted in acts of violence).
CULEGEREA INFORMAȚIILOR DIN MEDIUL ONLINE ȘI ROLUL SĂU ÎN ASIGURAREA SECURITĂȚII

CULEGEREA INFORMAȚIILOR DIN MEDIUL ONLINE ȘI ROLUL SĂU ÎN ASIGURAREA SECURITĂȚII
(SOCIAL MEDIA INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION AND THEIR ROLE IN ENSURING SECURITY)

  • Author(s):Cătălina-Gabriela Curea
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Military policy, Politics and law, Politics and communication, Politics and society, Politics of History/Memory, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:54-59
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Social Media Intelligence; security; social media; open source; private information; intelligence collection;
  • Summary/Abstract:Nowadays, social media represents the place where all the activities of an individual take place (from opinions about an event, musical preferences, intentions, public debates to passions), he presents and transpose his life from the real world to the virtual one. At the same time, social media is a threat to security, being a method by which terrorist activities, riots, abuses are organized and coordinated. In order to understand the new security environment and to respond to the challenges, the intelligence services introduced the concept of Social Media Intelligence, through which they can understand and prevent events, can analyze the mood of the society and its preferences.
ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI

ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI
(PUBLIC ORDER AND CITIZEN SECURITY)

  • Author(s):Nicolae-Cătălin Dănilă
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Civil Society, Governance, Public Administration, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:60-66
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:police; public order; safety; security; citizen; law; law enforcement;
  • Summary/Abstract:At the center of the concerns of the public authorities are public order and the safety of the citizen, as major benchmarks that condition the proper functioning of the competent state bodies. A particularly important place is occupied by ensuring and maintaining public order and public security, the administration of bodies whose attributions include the defense of the political regime, the interests of citizens, measures that contribute to the execution of laws and court decisions, good coexistence in society, as well as good functioning of state services. Moreover, public order is a state of law and fact that allows the achievement of the balance based on the social consensus necessary for the optimal functioning of the social whole under the conditions of internal legal regulations, consecrating the defense and respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, public and private property, to the other supreme values, in order to promote and affirm social progress in a democratic society. Ensuring public order represents an essential requirement of internal stability that guarantees the provision of conditions corresponding to the establishment of a state governed by law. Of particular importance in the performance of the function of guaranteeing and ensuring public order, the security of the person and society is the coordination activity of the bodies meant to ensure public order.In other words, ensuring public order is a social necessity, carried out through specific activities of special bodies - public order forces, which represent authorities holding powers and attributions in matters of public order and which, by law and other normative acts, are confers tasks in the exercise of the state police right.
Parteneriatul public privat în domeniul executării pedepselor privative de libertate

Parteneriatul public privat în domeniul executării pedepselor privative de libertate
(Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Custodial Sentence Execution)

  • Author(s):Constantin Victor Drăghici
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Governance, Public Administration, Public Law, Labor relations, Security and defense, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:67-74
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:public private partnership; execution of sentences; public office; respect for the rights of persons deprived of liberty;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study provides an in-depth analysis of the public-private partnership in the execution of custodial sentences, focusing on the ethical, legal, and operational implications associated with this collaborative model. The research emphasizes the fundamental role of the public service in ensuring law compliance and the protection of the fundamental rights of prisoners, while also highlighting the need for careful management of the partnership in accordance with the ethical and deontological principles specific to the correctional profession.The detailed analysis highlights numerous benefits associated with the public-private partnership, including the improvement of the quality of correctional services, the optimization of financial and technological resources utilization, and increased operational efficiency. The involvement of private companies in prison management brings innovative perspectives and specialized expertise, contributing to the continuous development of the correctional system. Furthermore, collaboration between the public and private sectors can support the implementation of advanced programs for social reintegration and rehabilitation of prisoners, thereby facilitating the rehabilitation process and reducing recidivism rates.However, the public-private partnership also presents significant challenges. One notable drawback is the risk of the private sector being primarily motivated by profit-seeking, potentially leading to a decline in the quality of services provided to prisoners. Additionally, the increase in costs borne by the government is questioned, as private companies may demand higher remuneration than necessary to cover the actual costs. Contract management and monitoring activities within the partnership pose complex challenges, particularly when the interests of the two parties diverge significantly.
Raportul dintre corupție și calibrarea conștiinței-impactul asupra siguranței sitemului penitenciar

Raportul dintre corupție și calibrarea conștiinței-impactul asupra siguranței sitemului penitenciar
(The Relationship Between Corruption and Consciousness Calibration - Impact on the Safety of the Penitentiary System)

  • Author(s):Constantin Victor Drăghici
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Public Administration, Security and defense, EU-Legislation, Politics and Identity, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption, Peace and Conflict Studies, Administrative Law, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:75-83
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:corruption; calibration of conscience; safety of the penitentiary system;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article proposes an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship between corruption, consciousness calibration, and its impact on the safety of the penitentiary system. Corruption, as a social phenomenon, entails the abusive use of power for personal gain and the acquisition of illegal advantages. The degree of corruption can be influenced by the level of consciousness among personnel, determined by ethical, moral, and cognitive factors. By employing contemporary paradigms such as social systems theory and the ethics of behavior paradigm, the complex mechanisms through which corruption interacts with the development and calibration of individual and collective consciousness are explored.In this context, the importance of education, training, and monitoring processes for professional integrity within the penitentiary system is highlighted, with the aim of fostering calibrated, ethical, and responsible consciousness. Additionally, the influence of corruption on the level of consciousness among personnel is revealed through complex psychological mechanisms such as cognitive justification and distortion of moral norms.To counteract the phenomenon of corruption and ensure the systematic safety of penitentiaries, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary, integrating knowledge and perspectives from the fields of social psychology, sociology, and ethics. The implementation of policies and strategies aimed at developing a higher level of consciousness and promoting a favorable institutional climate for integrity becomes crucial in strengthening and consolidating the Romanian penitentiary system, as well as facilitating the rehabilitation and reintegration of inmates into society.
IMPLICAȚIILE CRIMINALITĂȚII ASUPRA SOCIETĂȚII ÎN CONTEXTUL RĂZBOIULUI RUSO UCRAINEAN

IMPLICAȚIILE CRIMINALITĂȚII ASUPRA SOCIETĂȚII ÎN CONTEXTUL RĂZBOIULUI RUSO UCRAINEAN
(IMPLICATIONS OF CRIME ON SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA’S WAR IN UKRAINE)

  • Author(s):George-Ciprian Gîrleanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Civil Society, Governance, Security and defense, Military policy, Political behavior, Politics and law, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
  • Page Range:84-89
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:money laundering Romanian crime; organized crime; public order; Russia’s war in Ukraine
  • Summary/Abstract:The new geopolitical and geostrategic realities in the context of the war in Ukraine led to the exacerbation of common law crime and white collar crime and they represent a threat to National Security by making the integrated defence systems of National Security and public order vulnerable. An increase of corruption among civil servants and law enforcements led to the development of some unlawful underground economies powered by the war of Ukraine. Consequently, it results in a “sick” economy with direct effects on the regular citizen amplified by the arisal of new methods and forms of committing a crime in the context of the globalization of criminality which represent both a plague of this millenium and the biggest threat to the “healthy” development of a democratic state. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the legislative acquis and the system of public order and national security in order to fight against criminality in the context of new challenges that feed the anomie in society.
Fraudele prin atribuirea identității unor persoane din cadrul unităților bancare

Fraudele prin atribuirea identității unor persoane din cadrul unităților bancare
(Fraud by attributing the identity of persons in banking establishments)

  • Author(s):Vasile-Cătălin Golop
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Economic policy, Security and defense, Military policy, Law on Economics, Penal Policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:90-98
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Fraud; false identity; banking;
  • Summary/Abstract:Impersonation fraud is a major problem in the financial sector and can have significant consequences for banks and their customers. This problem is growing as technology evolves and the number of online financial transactions increases. Thus, this research topic is important and topical as it aims to identify the causes that foster identity attribution fraud and to identify the most effective methods to prevent and pre-empt it. In addition, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many banks have moved to online banking, which has increased the risk of cyber fraud and made the topic of this research even more relevant. There is also an increased need to protect customers' data and financial information, making this research important for the development of a safer and more secure banking environment. This research study could have a positive impact on the banking industry and its customers by creating more effective policies and procedures to prevent and combat identity attribution fraud.In conclusion, research in this area has focused on developing technological and methodological solutions for the prevention and detection of identity-attribution fraud in banking establishments.
Importanța cunoașterii populației pentru activitățile specifice poliției

Importanța cunoașterii populației pentru activitățile specifice poliției
(The importance of public knowledge for specific policing activities)

  • Author(s):Vasile-Cătălin Golop
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Public Administration, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:99-107
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:population; police; law enforcement; citizen;
  • Summary/Abstract:Knowledge of the population is extremely important for specific policing activities as it can help to identify security problems and develop strategies to prevent anti-social crime. By knowing the population, police can better understand the culture, customs and values of the community. This knowledge can help identify vulnerable groups, those who may be vulnerable to crime or tempted to commit it. Knowledge of the population can also be useful in establishing effective communication between the police and the community. By understanding the needs and expectations of the community, the police can develop strategies to involve the community in crime prevention and crime fighting activities. In addition, knowledge of the population can help to identify high-risk areas, areas where offences against the law frequently occur or where there are public safety problems. In order to develop community-specific preventive strategies, the police need to identify and assess community-specific risk factors. Identifying and assessing risk factors are essential steps in the crime prevention process and can help to develop appropriate preventive strategies. One of the main objectives of population awareness in the work of preventing crimes harmful to society is to develop specific preventive measures tailored to the needs of the community.
Geografia omuciderilor în spațiul rural românesc (2011-2020)

Geografia omuciderilor în spațiul rural românesc (2011-2020)
(Homicides Geography in the Romanian Rural Space (2011-2020))

  • Author(s):Octavian Groza, Vicenţiu-Robert Gabor
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Human Geography, Regional Geography, Environmental Geography, Criminal Law, Political Theory, Civil Society, Public Administration, Labor relations, Security and defense, Politics and law, Politics and society, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:108-118
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:homicides; Romania; rural areas; geographical differences;
  • Summary/Abstract:Consisting of extremely violent and seemingly random events, the phenomenon of homicides is often considered a sign of social pathology and thus the spatial dimension that it can acquire through the various processes that lead to its territorial rooting is lost sight of. Our research is focused on discovering the geographical dimensions of this phenomenon within the Romanian rural spaces. The choice of the rural area is not accidental: between 2011 and 2020 more than 62.5% of homicides were recorded in this environment, which, according to the official statistics of the 2021 census, amounts to only 47.8% of the total population. Noticing the spatial differentiation of the phenomenon allows, on the one hand, to support the construction of public prevention policies, and on the other hand, it allows the initiation of a reflection on the efficiency of the geographical distribution of the means available to the institutions charged with the administration of various operational aspects related to homicides.
Prevenirea și Combaterea Criminalității Informatice din Perspectiva Cooperării Polițienești Internaționale

Prevenirea și Combaterea Criminalității Informatice din Perspectiva Cooperării Polițienești Internaționale
(Preventing and Combating Cybercrime from the Perspective of International Police Cooperation)

  • Author(s):Alexandru Ignat, Ciprian Eugeniu Constantin
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Governance, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:119-127
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:cybercrime; international police cooperation; technology; organized crime; education;
  • Summary/Abstract:We can state that with each passing day, our world is becoming increasingly digitized and the accessibility of the population to information resources and computer systems is becoming more and more diversified, while awareness and education regarding online security are not, unfortunately, a priority discussed on the agenda, yet. As technology advances, people become more dependent on it, and preventing and combating cybercrime becomes an increasingly pressing issue. International police cooperation is essential in addressing this type of often organized crime, as most cybercrimes surpass conventional borders. Thus, strong and efficient collaboration among law enforcement agencies from different countries can contribute to identifying and pursuing criminals who exploit computer systems, as well as exchanging vital information for preventing future cyber attacks. This requires the development of common protocols and procedures, open and transparent communication, and a shared commitment to protecting citizens and public institutions. Additionally, public education and awareness are of paramount importance in preventing crimes within the realm of cybercrime. In an increasingly interconnected world, we must ensure that a significant portion of the population understands the risks associated with technology usage and is prepared to protect themselves or detect and report violations of rights in the online environment.
RAPORTURILE JURIDICE DE MUNCĂ ALE FUNCȚIONARILOR PUBLICI

RAPORTURILE JURIDICE DE MUNCĂ ALE FUNCȚIONARILOR PUBLICI
(LEGAL LABOR RELATIONS OF PUBLIC OFFICERS)

  • Author(s):Andrei-Răzvan Iordache, Luca Imandi
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Public Administration, Labor relations, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:128-133
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:public official; labor legal relationships; labor principles; employment relationships; public service; public function;
  • Summary/Abstract:Through this paper, a brief analysis of the labor relationships of public officials was intended. Different political systems around the world have led to various employment relationships in the public service. While employees in some countries have the right to collectively bargain, regarding the legal employment relationship of public officials in Romania, they cannot negotiate the rights and obligations that make up the content of the employment relationship, nor can they modify them later, as the decision belongs to the public authority or institution where they work. Therefore, the modification of employment relationships is the result of the unilateral manifestation of will by the public institution, which has the right to withdraw or confer responsibilities. The article falls under the section "Personal Safety and Building Social Capital" since it addresses the obligation to understand the relationships that arise with the acquisition of the status of an employee in the public sector. These relationships come with obligations and rights that generate certain responsibilities for the public official. Therefore, public officials must have a clear understanding of their employment relationship to perform their duties correctly and uphold the principles of labor.
ROLUL POLIȚIEI FEROVIARE ÎN LUPTA ÎMPOTRIVA DEȚINERII ȘI CONSUMULUI DE DROGURI ÎN TRENURILE DE CĂLĂTORI

ROLUL POLIȚIEI FEROVIARE ÎN LUPTA ÎMPOTRIVA DEȚINERII ȘI CONSUMULUI DE DROGURI ÎN TRENURILE DE CĂLĂTORI
(THE ROLE OF THE RAILWAY POLICE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUG POSSESSION AND CONSUMPTION IN PASSENGER TRAINS)

  • Author(s):Lucian GRĂJDEANU, Ciprian Eugeniu Constantin
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Public Administration, Security and defense, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Court case
  • Page Range:134-141
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:rail transport; narcotics; police; young people; measures; prevention and control;
  • Summary/Abstract:In general, rail transport is regarded as one of the safest modes of transport, especially when compared to road transport – a fact demonstrated by the reduced number of accidents and resulting casualties in the rail system. However, in recent years, new challenges have arisen for the Rail Transport Police in terms of passenger safety and protection, as many cases of drug possession and use have begun to emerge, particularly among young people who use means of rail transport during the summer season or at various concerts (UNTOLD, Electric Castle, etc.) or in the case of supporters of football teams traveling by train. This article draws attention to such a phenomenon, as well as the need to adapt police prevention and combat measures accordingly (increasing visibility in the field, use of dogs specialized in drug detection on platforms, strengthening intra- and inter-institutional cooperation).
SECURITATEA PORTUARĂ ȘI POLITICILE UNIUNII EUROPENE

SECURITATEA PORTUARĂ ȘI POLITICILE UNIUNII EUROPENE
(PORT SECURITY AND THE POLICIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION)

  • Author(s):Lucian GRĂJDEANU, Sorin Lică
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Governance, Public Administration, Labor relations, Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:142-150
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:security; transport; environment; port infrastructure; strategies; directives; norms;
  • Summary/Abstract:The continuous increase in the demand for transport is in the constant attention of the European Commission, which has launched a "new visionary exercise" applicable to the future of all modes of transport, with an emphasis on continuing the process of liberalization and reducing the impact on the environment - the transport system consumes almost 30 % of energy generated in member villages – by reducing dependence on oil imports, greenhouse gas emissions and accidents. This article draws attention to the considerable challenges faced by the European Union and, implicitly, our country, in order to respond to permanent transport needs, in the context of demographic changes and the reorientation of investment capacities in the port field, all influenced by the maintenance of the situation determined by the evolution of the conflict in Ukraine.
DEPENDENŢA DE JOCURI DE NOROC ŞI PREDISPOZIŢIA INFRACŢIONALĂ

DEPENDENŢA DE JOCURI DE NOROC ŞI PREDISPOZIŢIA INFRACŢIONALĂ
(GAMBLING ADDICTION AND CRIMINAL DISPOSITION)

  • Author(s):Mihai-Ionuț Răduță, Cătălin-Cristian Marin
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Economic policy, Security and defense, Law on Economics, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:151-160
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:gambling; addiction; mania; criminal prosecution body;
  • Summary/Abstract:The study approach and deals with gambling addiction and the correlative criminal predisposition, from the perspective of the practitioner - specialized state authority for the enforcement of the criminal law. In this context, the aspects highlighted in the study will be passed through the filter of the criminal law, but the criminological sphere specific to this type of subjects will not be left unapproached, with all the social implications arising from manic behavior.The study will be structured in four chapters (and subsections where appropriate), as follows: I. Introductory aspects; II. Social aspects; 2.1 The behavior of the subject in the family environment, 2.2 The behavior of the subject at work; III. Criminal and criminological aspects; 3.1 The appearance of the criminal thought; 3.2. Types of crimes committed depending on the subject's field of activity; 3.3 Aspects of judicial practice; IV. Conclusions and proposals; Bibliography. The study as a whole is addressed to both theoreticians and practitioners, being able to become a pillar of reference in the matter of combating the crimes committed by this segment of subjects and, why not, in the matter of preventing niche criminality.
CANABISUL PE PIAȚA DE DROGURI A UNIUNII EUROPENE PÂNĂ ÎN ANUL 2020

CANABISUL PE PIAȚA DE DROGURI A UNIUNII EUROPENE PÂNĂ ÎN ANUL 2020
(CANNABIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION DRUG MARKET UNTIL 2020)

  • Author(s):Gabriel Călin NISTOR, Sergiu Adrian Vasile
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Security and defense, Military policy, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:161-168
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:cannabis; market; European Union; trafficking; organized crime groups;
  • Summary/Abstract:Cannabis is the main drug market in the European Union and an important source of income for organized crime groups. Young people start using from a very young age, it estimates that one in seven young people between the ages of 15 and 34 has used cannabis in the last year. Europe is a major producer of cannabis, it is estimated that more than 20000 cannabis plots are discovered every year. The cannabis market is becoming more and more complex, although still the main products are marijuana and cannabis resin, cannabis oils with a high level of THC, synthetic cannabinoids, or other low-thc products are starting to appear on the market sold in different forms. In this article we will analyze the consequences of the drug markets (consequences for society, the environment, etc.), the factors that lead to the development of these markets, such as the globalization and the development of the technology, after which we will present the cannabis market in Europe, with the following subdivisions: production of marijuana and cannabis resin within and outside EU states, trafficking of marijuana and cannabis resin within and outside EU states, the situation of cannabis in Romania, to conclude with a series of conclusions regarding this market and measures for European states.
PIAȚA INTERNAȚIONALĂ A COCAINEI

PIAȚA INTERNAȚIONALĂ A COCAINEI
(GLOBAL COCAINE MARKET)

  • Author(s):Gabriel Călin NISTOR, Sergiu Adrian Vasile
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Political Sciences, Governance, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Penal Policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Maritime Law, Court case, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:169-176
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:cocaine; illegal drugs market; Columbia; Peru; Bolivia;
  • Summary/Abstract:Organized crime groups are in full expansion and development, with ever-increasing revenues obtained from illicit activities. Drug trafficking represents an important source for these groups, constituting a permanent threat to the security of states. In smaller or larger proportions, each state is faced with this problem born from drug consumption and trafficking. The period 2010-2020 was a flourishing decade for the cocaine market, setting new records in terms of production, and a permanent increase in consumption among the population (the global area of coca leaf cultivation – 234,000 cultivated hectares, 1982 tons of cocaine pure produced – up by 11% compared to the previous year, 1424 tons of different purity confiscated by the authorities – up by 4.5%, the total number of consumers – 21 million.). The western and central European area represents the second market after North America (in Europe the cocaine market is the second largest after the cannabis market, only at the level of the European Union, in 2021 the number of consumers aged between 15 and 64 was 3.5 million (young consumers between the ages of 15 and 35 – 2.2 million), and the number of people who have consumed cocaine at least once in their life amounts to 14.4 million.). In the next article we will take a look at the global cocaine market; we will analyze the main producing countries: Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, we will also analyze the main traffic routes and methods, the key moments of the last years of the market, the European cocaine market and we will conclude with a series of conclusions.
BUSOLA STRATEGICĂ – NOUL INSTRUMENT COMUN DE SECURITATE EUROPEANĂ

BUSOLA STRATEGICĂ – NOUL INSTRUMENT COMUN DE SECURITATE EUROPEANĂ
(STRATEGIC COMPASS – THE NEW COMMON EUROPEAN SECURITY TOOL)

  • Author(s):Gabriel Pereş
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Library and Information Science, International Law, Education and training, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and law, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:177-185
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:strategic compass; European security; security policy; defense capacit; strategic management;
  • Summary/Abstract:The European Strategic Compass is a comprehensive approach developed by the European Union (EU) to guide the development and implementation of its defense and security policies. The Project was launched in 2020 as part of the EU efforts to enhance its military and civilian capabilities in order to face current and future security challenges. The Strategic Compass is designed to provide a strategic direction for the EU defense and security policies, taking into account the changing security environment, technological developments, and the need for collective action. It covers a wide range of issues, including military operations, crisis management, counterterrorism, cyber security, defense industry, and research and development. Europe is preparing to have a guided strategy that assesses risks and finds useful and timely solutions in such a way that the degree of security remains at high standards.
Protecția temporară a cetățenilor ucraineni, ca urmare a invaziei militare ruse din Ucraina

Protecția temporară a cetățenilor ucraineni, ca urmare a invaziei militare ruse din Ucraina
(Temporary protection of Ukrainian citizens following the Russian military invasion of Ukraine)

  • Author(s):Bianca-Ioana Petcu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Military policy, Political behavior, Politics and law, Politics and society, Comparative politics, EU-Legislation, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields, Labour and Social Security Law, Russian Aggression against Ukraine
  • Page Range:186-193
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:military invasion in Ukraine; massive influx of displaced persons; temporary protection; solidarity; emergency mechanism; phenomenon management;
  • Summary/Abstract:Following the military invasion by the forces of the Russian army launched on 24.02.2022 in Ukraine, at the level of its neighboring states and beyond, there was a massive influx of people displaced from this country, the groups of people being made up both from Ukrainian citizens and and from citizens of other states that, at the time of the invasion, were living in or transiting Ukraine. This aspect determined the creation of a mechanism for quick and appropriate measures both at European and national level to manage this phenomenon. At the European level, on 04.03.2023, the Council issued the Decision (EU) 2022/382 and activated the temporary protection provided by Directive 2001/55/EC regarding the minimum standards for granting temporary protection, in the event of a massive influx of displaced persons, and the measures to promote a balance between the efforts of the member states to welcome these people and bear the consequences of this reception, all displaced persons from Ukraine, who entered the territory of the EU after 24.02.2022, benefiting from this measure. At the national level, on 18.03.2022, it was issued the Government Decision no. 367 regarding the establishment of conditions for ensuring temporary protection as well as for the modification and completion of some normative acts in the field of foreigners, which regulated the granting of temporary protection on the territory of Romania. Temporary protection is an emergency mechanism that applies in the event of a massive influx of people and aims to provide immediate and collective protection. The aim is to ease pressure on national asylum systems and allow displaced people to enjoy harmonized rights across the European Union.
Provocări în gestionarea migrației– Pactul UE privind migrația și azilul

Provocări în gestionarea migrației– Pactul UE privind migrația și azilul
(Challenges in migration managing – EU Pact on Migration and Asylum)

  • Author(s):Bianca-Ioana Petcu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:194-202
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:migration; management; joint response; solidarity mechanism; responsibility;
  • Summary/Abstract:Migration has been a feature of human existence for centuries. People have always migrated in groups or individually to seek freedom, to escape poverty, to find new economic opportunities, to flee religious intolerance or political repression and this process is impacting both countries of origin and countries of destination. The issue of migration is complex. Through a well-managed system, migration can contribute to growth, innovation and social dynamism. Both the safety of people seeking international protection or seeking a better life must be taken into account, as well as the concerns of destination countries who fear that migration pressures will exceed their capacities. Following the Refugee Crisis of 2015-2016 and the different way in which Member States were impacted, it was identified the need to build a system to manage and normalize migration in the long term and which is fully based on European values and the international law. In this sense, the steps for the action of the Pact on Migration and Asylum have been initiated, which specifies that no Member State should assume a disproportionate responsibility and that all Member States should constantly contribute to solidarity, aiming a solid and balanced management of migration flows that are looking for a better life on the territory of the European Union. This new common framework will set out the principles and structures needed for an integrated approach over the migration and asylum policy, in order to ensures a fair share of responsibility and effective management of mixed arrivals: both persons in need of international protection and persons that do not need such protection.
IMPACTUL PROFILULUI ETNIC DISCRIMINATORIU ÎN ACTIVITATEA POLIȚIEI

IMPACTUL PROFILULUI ETNIC DISCRIMINATORIU ÎN ACTIVITATEA POLIȚIEI
(THE IMPACT OF THE DISCRIMINATORY ETHNIC PROFILE IN POLICE ACTIVITY)

  • Author(s):Ciprian Eugeniu Constantin, Beatrice-Geanina Romanescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Civil Society, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and law, Inter-Ethnic Relations, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:203-208
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:discriminatory ethnic profile; race; ethnicity; religion; stereotype, bias;
  • Summary/Abstract:The creation of this profile will be considered discriminatory when the police will exercise its autority upon people, having principal reason or exclusively the race, the ethnicity or the religion of the persons concerned. The creation of ethnic profiles present a number of limits and, even if they can be considered an efficient instrument of crime's detection, in the short term, the profiles are predictable and avoidable. In police activity specific measure is applied, which diminishes or even eliminate the risk of creating a discriminatory ethnic profile. These measures will be adopted in both organizational and operational terms.
Aspecte ale fluxului de aer prin galeria de admisie a unui motor marin cu turbină

Aspecte ale fluxului de aer prin galeria de admisie a unui motor marin cu turbină
(Aspects of air flow through the intake manifold of a marine turbine engine)

  • Author(s):George Bălan, Amado Ștefan, Vasile Năstăsescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Political Theory, Labor relations, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Political behavior, Politics and law, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Maritime Law
  • Page Range:209-213
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:marine; police; border; law; law enforcement;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents aspects related to the flow of air through the intake manifold of a turbine engine, for its maximum operating regime. The manifold pressure losses are calculated using the analytical relations. For a more accurate calculation, the flow is calculated with numerical methods.
Procedura de efectuare a testelor de refulare prin tehnica literelor (TZO) pentru analiza distribuției apei

Procedura de efectuare a testelor de refulare prin tehnica literelor (TZO) pentru analiza distribuției apei
(The procedure for performing discharge tests using the letter technique (TZO) for water distribution analysis)

  • Author(s):Alexandru-Florin Chiojdoiu, Ion Anghel
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Security and defense, Military policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies, Maritime Law
  • Page Range:214-221
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:letters technique; procedure; water distribution; discharge; water jet;
  • Summary/Abstract:In order to streamline the extinguishing of fires that occur in enclosed spaces, it is necessary to know how the water is distributed at the level of the floor of a room, by using different water discharge techniques. The „T”, „Z” and „O” letters technique is one of the methods of water discharge used to extinguish fires that occur inside rooms. For a thorough knowledge on how the water is distributed inside the room, a procedure was developed to perform tests by discharging the water in the form of the „T”, „Z” and „O” letters which were especially constructed for this purpose. There were also constructed sheet metal boxes used for the accumulation of discharged water. The usefulness of this procedure has been verified by performing three tests to discharge the same volume of water using the „T”, „Z” and „O” letters technique, resulting in the following data: the largest volume of water was recorded in the immediate vicinity of the wall located perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the water stream (in the first two rows of boxes), respectively in the corners of the test room, arranged at the level of this wall; using the „Z” letter technique, the smallest water loss was recorded; using the „O” letter technique, the water was discharged in the shortest time, being distributed more evenly than by using the „T” and „Z” letters technique.
Reducerea vulnerabilității comunităților urbane în fața dezastrelor

Reducerea vulnerabilității comunităților urbane în fața dezastrelor
(Reducing the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters)

  • Author(s):Ionel-Alin Mocioi
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Public Administration, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:222-228
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:vulnerability; urban communities; disasters; disaster risk management; sustainable development;
  • Summary/Abstract:Nowadays, worldwide, there is a major increase in losses caused by natural disasters, in a situation where the frequency of occurrence of destructive natural phenomena is relatively constant. It can be said that we are still powerless in the face of natural disasters and that we have to learn to live permanently and consciously with the risk of producing such destructive phenomena. Reducing the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters is a complex process and requires an integrated approach involving prevention, preparedness and emergency response measures. This is also a major concern in disaster risk management. Urban communities are exposed to a range of disaster risks, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, storms and heat waves, and these can have serious consequences for people's lives, the environment and Property.There are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters, as follows:• Identification and assessment of risks specific to the community• Sustainable urban planning• Making investments in infrastructure• Early warning systems• Educating and informing the community• Development and implementation of evacuation plans• Development of a communication network• Preparing the population to respond in case of emergencyBy taking such measures, urban communities can become more resilient to disasters and better prepared to deal with emergencies.The negative effects generated by disasters should rather be seen as an opportunity for the initiation of regional sustainable development programs. Rather, disasters should be seen as an opportunity to implement profound social and economic change.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT FOR AN IG 541 GAS EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT FOR AN IG 541 GAS EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION
(QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT FOR AN IG 541 GAS EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION)

  • Author(s):Cătălin Opriță
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Society, Governance, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:229-231
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:IG541; extinguishing; BCM; fire; dimensionally;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the hydraulic calculation of an IG 541 extinguishing system, we can distinguish the evolution of several physical quantities, within the dimensionally configured installation, such as pressure, flow rate, temperature. In a non-compliant hydraulic calculation, we can identify several errors. These calculation errors, but also the use of non-compliant materials, because of wrong calculations, can lead to critical situations. Considering that the IG 541 inert gas extinguishing installations are intended for the protection of vitally vulnerable spaces, such as mobile telecommunications centers, control units, banking centers, museums, archives and many such spaces, the requirements must be considered regarding the continuity of the activity, and the calculation errors must be zero.
ROLUL INSTALAȚIEI DE STINGERE AUTOMATĂ A INCENDIILOR PENTRU SECURITATEA DEPOZITELOR

ROLUL INSTALAȚIEI DE STINGERE AUTOMATĂ A INCENDIILOR PENTRU SECURITATEA DEPOZITELOR
(THE ROLE OF THE AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION FOR WAREHOUSE SECURITY)

  • Author(s):Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc, Manuel Șerban
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Library and Information Science, Environmental Geography, Education and training, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:233-241
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:pyrosim; temperature; firefighter; warehouse; sprinklers;
  • Summary/Abstract:The article describes a simulation of a fire in a plastic and polypropylene storage warehouse using Pyrosim software. The warehouse has a 40 cm thick concrete floor and is 34.02 m long, 23.73 m wide, and 8.38 m high. Temperature distribution during the fire was monitored using vertical and horizontal temperature plans. The highest temperature of 1020°C was recorded in the vertical plan passing through the fire, and at a height of 1.7 meters, the temperature reached 120°C, making it difficult for firefighters to enter the storage area. Finally, the article highlights the importance of an automatic sprinkler extinguishing system to prevent explosions and rapid fire spread throughout the warehouse.
ȘEF SAU LIDER - ASPECTE ALE MANAGEMENTULUI SITUAȚIILOR DE URGENȚĂ

ȘEF SAU LIDER - ASPECTE ALE MANAGEMENTULUI SITUAȚIILOR DE URGENȚĂ
(CHIEF OR LEADER - EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ASPECTS)

  • Author(s):Ion Peligrad, Andrei-Cătălin Caragea
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Political Theory, Governance, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and communication, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:242-249
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:boss; chief; leader; autocratic; democratic; targets; comparison; intervention;
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to analyse the personality of a boss in antithesis to the personality of a leader by defining and differentiating them. The methodology of the research carried out is to start from the initial emergence of these terms to the present day. The paper includes both a theoretical comparison of the two types of leadership and a practical comparison of two known historical personalities, and on the basis of the results obtained, leadership styles in emergency management are highlighted. The essential conclusion of this paper is the notion of innate leadership resulting from the analysis as well as the identical result of comparing the two typologies mentioned above regardless of the historical moment in which it takes place.
METODICI EXPERIMENTALE DE SPECTROMETRIE ÎN CERCETĂRI DE MEDIU

METODICI EXPERIMENTALE DE SPECTROMETRIE ÎN CERCETĂRI DE MEDIU
(EXPERIMENTAL SPECTROMETRY METHODS IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH)

  • Author(s):Irinel Alexandru Precup, Liviu Valentin Bălănescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Library and Information Science, Environmental Geography, Education and training, Civil Society, Governance, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Geopolitics, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:250-256
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:spectrometry; radioactivity; muons; detection; neutrons;
  • Summary/Abstract:Spectrometry and measurements of radioactive background are used to detect and quantify levels of ionizing radiation in various environments, including air, water, and soil. These techniques allow the determination of the type and quantity of radionuclides present in a sample and can be used to evaluate the impact of radiation on human health and the environment. Spectrometry involves detecting and analyzing the radiation emitted by radioactive materials, while measurements of radioactive background refer to measuring the level of background radiation in a particular environment or location. Measurements of radioactive background are important in assessing the risks associated with exposure to radiation in a given environment. These measurements are carried out using measuring instruments such as dosimeters, radiation detectors, or spectrometers and allow the monitoring of radiation levels in various environments, including areas where there are natural or artificial sources of radiation. Overall, spectrometry and measurements of radioactive background are essential for evaluating the risks associated with exposure to radiation and for protecting human health and the environment.
Estimarea concentrației radionuclizilor în aer, pe baza ratei de eliberare a radionuclizilor în atmosferă în cazul unui incendiu

Estimarea concentrației radionuclizilor în aer, pe baza ratei de eliberare a radionuclizilor în atmosferă în cazul unui incendiu
(Estimation of the concentration of radionuclides in air, based on the rate of release of radionuclides into the atmosphere in the event of a fire)

  • Author(s):Irinel Alexandru Precup, Liviu Valentin Bălănescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Environmental Geography, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:257-263
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:radionuclides; release rate; dispersion; half-life; fire;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the event of a fire involving radioactive materials, the burning of these materials can lead to the release of radioactive gases, which can spread into the atmosphere and be inhaled by humans, posing risks to their health. The purpose of detecting radionuclides is to identify their presence in various media, such as water, air or soil, in order to evaluate their impact on human health and the environment, and to ensure a safe working and living environment for people. Radionuclide detection can also be used to assess the effectiveness of radiation protection and control measures. A specially designed computer system for calculating the release rate of radionuclides can ensure that radionuclide emissions are maintained at acceptable levels, and that any incidents or accidental releases are detected and reported in a timely manner, ensuring a high level of safety and protection for people and the environment. Keywords: radionuclides, release rate, dispersion, half-life, fire.
UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI ALOHA ÎN GESTIONAREA RISCULUI CHIMIC

UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI ALOHA ÎN GESTIONAREA RISCULUI CHIMIC
(USING THE ALOHA PROGRAM IN CHEMICAL RISK MANAGEMENT)

  • Author(s):Irinel-Ionuț Găman, Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc, Manuel Șerban
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Library and Information Science, Environmental Geography, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:264-269
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Aloha; Software; Screenplay; Modeling; Marplot; BLEVE; Liquid Tank;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the ALOHA software ( Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres ), which is part of the CAMEO software developed by OEM ( Office of Emergency Management ) and Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) -SUA. This software allows the simulation of various scenarios and events, such as the dispersion of clouds of toxic chemicals that escape from tanks, pipes, liquid tank fires and BLEVE explosions. The evolution of the scenario can be translated into graph and can be viewed with Marplot and Google Earth programs, which locate the affected area.
Comportarea termică a unor materiale de construcții

Comportarea termică a unor materiale de construcții
(Thermal behavior of some construction materials)

  • Author(s):Ioana-Emilia Șofran, Dana-Maria Preda, Ion Anghel
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Library and Information Science, Environmental Geography, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:270-275
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:polymers; MCC; thermal properties; thermal degradation; flammability;
  • Summary/Abstract:Researcher have used the microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) in order to test thermal properties of common materials used in construction [such as the cardboard found in the componence of the plasterboard (PBD), expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for seiling decorations, wallpaper made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and wood particleboard (PB)] having masses between 3 and 20 milligrams. All four commercial materials have a long history in construction field with over 100 years of being used for design or insulation and they have different fire behaviours performances. The analysis were conducted under controled conditions which suppose a gradual increase of the temperature in the pyrolyzer with a heating speed equal to 1,5 ⁰C/s up to 750 ⁰C in a nitrogen atmosphere at an 80 cm3/min flow and a constant temperature value in the combustion chamber equal to 900 ⁰C in a nitrogen (80 %) and oxygen (20 %) atmosphere at a 20 cm3/min flow.
PROTECȚIA INVESTIGATORULUI LA INCENDII PE TIMPUL CERCETĂRII LA FAȚA LOCULUI

PROTECȚIA INVESTIGATORULUI LA INCENDII PE TIMPUL CERCETĂRII LA FAȚA LOCULUI
(FIRE PROTECTION OF THE INVESTIGATOR DURING ON-SCENE INVESTIGATION)

  • Author(s):George Sorescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Environmental Geography, Criminal Law, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Military policy, EU-Legislation, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:276-283
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:fire investigation; risk; personal protective equipment; on-site investigation;
  • Summary/Abstract:In conducting the investigation of the causes of the fire, through on-site investigation, the investigator/investigators are subject to risks to health and bodily integrity. After any fire, apparently, the main risk has passed, but after it several dangers remain active, some of which are visible, immediately perceptible, and others with hidden effects, with consequences over time. The article seeks to shed light on these risks and tries to induce a necessary conduct in those who investigate fires.
Optimizarea intervențiilor de descarcerare și prim-ajutor calificat în situații de urgență

Optimizarea intervențiilor de descarcerare și prim-ajutor calificat în situații de urgență
(Optimizing extrication interventions and qualified first aid in emergency situations)

  • Author(s):Aurel Trofin, Manuel Șerban, Ionel-Alin Mocioi
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Library and Information Science, Education and training, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:284-295
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:first aid; extrication; protocols; procedures; competence;
  • Summary/Abstract:The general principles and rules for extrication interventions and providing emergency first aid, regarding: appropriate equipment, securing the intervention site, identifying dangers and adopting extrication procedures, must be considered for any type of intervention, because the success of an intervention it is provided with competent personnel, having an appropriate endowment and following well-defined rules.In the protocols for the provision of emergency first aid, some dysfunctions were identified that must be evaluated through scientific methods of analysis, in order to identify the optimal solutions, so that appropriate operational solutions specific to the mission and the maneuvers performed are adopted.Organization and development of workshops to whom will by attended experienced specialists from the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, will ensure the creation of a bonds between the theoretical problems specific to the topics covered and the real problems faced by specialists for emergency situations in the interventions to which they are requested, and the final result will consist in the identification of reliable solutions for solving the currently existing dysfunctions, respecting the specific intervention procedures and the legislation in force.Identifying the dysfunctions faced by professionals for emergency situations at the specific interventions, establishing optimal measures and tasks based on legislation, procedures and protocols and even results from scientific and experimental research, disseminating them within operative structures, but also at the level of institutions of initial and continuous training, constitutes a real professional success, so that the success of the interventions is guaranteed, and the civil society benefits from full support from the emergency services.
Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe

Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe
(Analysis of unusual causes of ambulance fires)

  • Author(s):Marian Truță
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Environmental Geography, Labor relations, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:296-305
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:fire; automotive; ambulance; causes of fires; stretcher;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper analyses the main factors that cause fires in vehicles. The paper also aims to present two particular cases in which fires in ambulances had unusual causes. The analysis of common causes of vehicle fires and unusual causes will highlight a number of relevant conclusions regarding the circumstances of vehicle fires and a number of measures to be taken to reduce the risk of vehicle fires.
Aspecte legate de dinamica vehiculelor imersate tractate cu cablu

Aspecte legate de dinamica vehiculelor imersate tractate cu cablu
(Aspects related to the dynamics of cable-towed submerged vehicles)

  • Author(s):Bogdan Vlădescu, Amado Ștefan, Florina Bucur
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Geography, Regional studies, Library and Information Science, Labor relations, Government/Political systems, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics of History/Memory, Peace and Conflict Studies, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:306-311
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:towed immersed vehicle; differential equations of motion;
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents the dynamics equations of a vehicle immersed in water and towed by a cable. To solve the system of differential equations, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the immersed body are taken into account. The systems are solved for different towing speeds.
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