Transformacja energetyczna i klimatyczna – wybrane dylematy i rekomendacje
Energy and Climate Transformation – Selected Dilemmas and Recommendations
Contributor(s): Alojzy Z. Nowak (Editor), Michał Kurtyka (Editor), Grzegorz Tchorek (Editor)
Subject(s): Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
Published by: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Keywords: global economy; industrial policy; innovation and competitiveness; digitalisation; climate neutrality
Summary/Abstract: A valuable and unique academic publication on important and topical issues, co-written by eminent specialists, practitioners and decision makers who have attempted to analyse the challenges faced by the modern civilisation in order to limit the adverse effects of climate change. The complex subject matter is presented in a way that is easily comprehensible and may serve as cognitive material for first- and second-cycle students, PhD students and those interested in energy issues. Due to the unique nature and substantive scope, the monograph should also be of interest to local governments in need of knowledge on energy transition and energy and climate policy evolution.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-5538-4
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-5530-8
- Page Count: 304
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: Polish
Perspektywy innowacji, konkurencyjności i wzrostu polskiej gospodarki w kontekście transformacji energetycznej
Perspektywy innowacji, konkurencyjności i wzrostu polskiej gospodarki w kontekście transformacji energetycznej
(Prospects for innovation, competitiveness and growth of the Polish economy in the context of the energy transformation)
- Author(s):Alojzy Z. Nowak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:11-27
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:global economy; industrial policy; innovation; competitiveness; digitization; climate neutrality
- Summary/Abstract:Modernity and innovativeness of the modern global economy is characterized by the development of such industries as: electronics, automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, biotechnology, etc. The economic development, which takes place by constantly entering higher levels in the chain of creating added value product and by a faster transformation of the structure of the economy, in which sectors with higher productivity and uniqueness would have an increasing share is a core of the modern economy. At the current stage of globalization processes and experiences resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, it will be difficult in Poland to achieve the desired goals in an economy and social policy without active cooperation of the state and market. One of the main goals of such cooperation should be to achieve the desired structural competitive advantage by Polish companies by means of an integrated business and technological strategy, both at the macro and micro level. At the micro level, digitization in particular can drive innovation, competitiveness and growth in the Polish economy. Due to the size and importance of the domestic energy sector, as well as the pace and scale of changes needed in its structure, it can become both a recipient and a market creator for the diffusion of innovation and low and zero-emission technologies. Launching innovation in this area requires an active role of the state both in terms of creating the demand side, organizing the supply side, and ensuring appropriate regulations.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wyzwania transformacji a cele polskiej polityki energetycznej
Wyzwania transformacji a cele polskiej polityki energetycznej
(The challenges of transformation and the goals of Polish energy policy)
- Author(s):Michał Kurtyka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:28-43
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:energy policy; climate transformation
- Summary/Abstract:Conducting a complex economic transformation is a new challenge in the period of uncertainty, energy crisis, increasing risk of income stratification, as well as intensification of activities for climate protection or the need to maintain the competitiveness of the economy. Poland, as one of the European countries, faces the challenge of building a new energy system, which requires appropriate measures and strategies. In the present times of a pandemic, a helpful tool has been the implementation of the European Green Deal, which supports the fight against the crisis, as well as long-term financial support for economies struggling with the negative effects of this situation. A potential opportunity for states was the assumption of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and setting modified goals and regulatory solutions related to it. The goals related to the process of economic transformation towards low and zero emissions, as well as ensuring the safety of citizens, were reflected in the Polish Energy Policy 2040. An important element in this process will also be the expansion of generation sources using renewable energy sources. Given the growing share of renewable energy sources in energy production in Poland, it will also be extremely important to ensure an appropriate distribution infrastructure. To achieve success, comprehensive, well-thought-out and effectively carried out activities with appropriate EU support are necessary. Ambitious reforms offer an opportunity to stimulate the development of the economy affected by the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. By seizing these opportunities, it is essential to reduce risks such as increasing energy poverty and job losses. In acrisis, flexibility in the path of transformation becomes crucial, enabling Member States to achieve common goals while protecting those citizens and economic sectors most affected by the pandemic.
- Price: 4.50 €
Oczekiwania interesariuszy Sprawiedliwej Transformacji – wstępne wnioski z wywiadów i konsultacji
Oczekiwania interesariuszy Sprawiedliwej Transformacji – wstępne wnioski z wywiadów i konsultacji
(Expectations of stakeholder of Just Transition – conclusions from initial interviews and consultations)
- Author(s):Adam Drobniak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:44-66
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:low-carbon economy; just transition
- Summary/Abstract:The main research problem of the paper is focused on the question about expectations and misgivings of stakeholders of transition into the low-emission economy in Polish coal regions. The conducted research using the technique of direct individual interviews (so-called IDI) was directed to 4 key groups of the transition stakeholders, i.e. (i) local governments, (ii) the renewable energy sector, (iii) the traditional sector (mining and conventional energy), (iv) business support institutions (clusters, science and technology park, research institutes). Preliminary conclusions indicate that each of the stakeholder’s groups involved in the transition towards a low-carbon economy has a different view of its role in this process and expects a different type of support and decision-making in the context of mitigating measures planned under the Just Transition Fund. Such expectations create a specific, complex context for both the future energy transition in Poland and the accompanying activities that minimize the negative social effects. Context requiring a consultative approach to Just Transition programming and an integrated coordination of the process both at sector and territorial levels.
- Price: 4.50 €
Znaczenie transformacji energetycznej w rozwoju przedsiębiorstw
Znaczenie transformacji energetycznej w rozwoju przedsiębiorstw
(The importance of the energy transformation of enterprises development)
- Author(s):Beata Glinka, Marta Postuła, Katarzyna Radecka-Moroz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:67-79
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:energy transformation; enterprise; green finance; energy efficiency; non-financial reporting
- Summary/Abstract:Energy transition is one of the most urgent challenges that the entrepreneurs face today, and at the same time, it is part of a much wider process of business’ adaptation to climate changes. Effectively guided, it creates numerous opportunities for the redefinition of sources and methods of energy consumption in a company, leading to cost reductions in a long run and contributing to global targets aimed at protection of climate. Integration of ESG (environmental, social and governance) risks into the enterprise management is one of the necessary tools facilitating the process of climate-proofing and obtaining the necessary financial resources for this purpose. The article describes good practices and recommendations concerning different available methods in this context, suggested by the Guidelines developed by the World Business Council on Sustainable Development. It also presents new financial sources devoted to climate change adaptation, such as green bonds. The Authors refer as well to the selected non-financial reporting tools that may turn out to be useful in the process of energy transformation, as well as in creating new relationships with the external stakeholders, increasingly interested in the company’s approach towards climate-related issues.
- Price: 4.50 €
Łańcuch wartości gospodarki wodorowej
Łańcuch wartości gospodarki wodorowej
(The hydrogen value chain)
- Author(s):Grzegorz Tchorek, Waldemar Kozioł, Stefan Wójtowicz, Filip Targowski, Michał Grzybowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:81-108
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:hydrogen economy; hydrogen technologies; hydrogen; value chain
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents the issue of the hydrogen economy value chain, composed of four basic elements – production, storage, distribution and utilisation. Each of its elements was presented and characterized in detail, assigning a value to each of them. The basic conclusion is that, apart from the cost of hydrogen production itself, which mainly attracts the attention of observers, the process of storage, transport and distribution will be equally important in terms of price and critical in terms of the development of the hydrogen economy.
- Price: 4.50 €
Synergia między paliwem wodorowym oraz odnawialnymi źródłami energii
Synergia między paliwem wodorowym oraz odnawialnymi źródłami energii
(Synergy between hydrogen fuel and renewable energy sources in selected projects of the PGNiG Capital Group)
- Author(s):Arkadiusz Sekściński
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:109-121
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:synergy; hydrogen; renewable energy sources
- Summary/Abstract:Advancing green energy is consistent with the strategies of many global energy companies, which embark on environmentally friendly projects with a view to reducing emissions. The increasing ambition of climate targets creates a major role for green hydrogen, produced by water electrolysis using electricity from renewable sources (RES). The purpose of the article was to present the hydrogen project implemented and applied by Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG). The comprehensive hydrogen program consisting of several projects ranging from green hydrogen production, through hydrogen storage and distribution, to industrial power generation applications. In particular, program lists three complementary projects. As part of the Power to Gas project is building an installation which will allow to test the impact of various mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen on gas system infrastructures. The second project is the large-scale hydrogen storage in caverns, which is especially important for green hydrogen from unstable energy sources. Finally, the third project it will be the first laboratory in Poland to study hydrogen and its mixtures as fuel.
- Price: 4.50 €
Transformacja w kierunku gospodarki wodorowej i niskoemisyjnego wodoru a surowce krytyczne
Transformacja w kierunku gospodarki wodorowej i niskoemisyjnego wodoru a surowce krytyczne
(The nexus between transition towards hydrogen economy with large-scale production of low-CO2 hydrogen and the critical raw materials)
- Author(s):Anna Niemczyk, Jakub Kupecki
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:122-138
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:hydrogen economy; critical raw materials; fuel cells; electrolyzers; hydrogen production
- Summary/Abstract:The forecasted gradual increase of the importance of hydrogen in numerous branches of the industry is associated with significant increase in the number of installations for its low-emission production. Among these technologies, systems based on electrolysers will play a significant role. The direction of the development of this type of system, more precisely the type of used electrolyser (alkaline electrolysers, electrolysers with a polymer membrane, or solid oxide electrolysers), will determine the capital expenditures for the installation, as well as its efficiency, which will directly affect the levelized cost of hydrogen. However, in the long-term perspective, the availability of raw materials for those technologies may become crucial, in particular the availability of critical raw materials, influencing their price. In this study, various electrolyser technologies were characterized in terms of the construction materials, taking into account the critical raw materials, in particular, the issues related to the availability of precious metals, rare earth metals, cobalt, and fluorspar were described. Additionally, the conditions for the commercialization of electrolysers in Poland were compared in the context of the availability of domestic resources and the prices of individual raw materials.
- Price: 4.50 €
Otwarta innowacja a wodorowe projekty badawczo-rozwojowe w UE – wnioski dla polskich przedsiębiorstw
Otwarta innowacja a wodorowe projekty badawczo-rozwojowe w UE – wnioski dla polskich przedsiębiorstw
(Open innovation in financing EU research and developments projects in hydrogen – conclusions for Polish enterprises)
- Author(s):Daniel Cios
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:139-154
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:open innovation; Horizon 2020; hydrogen; technology; European Union
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter presents one of the EU instruments that supports research and development projects in hydrogen production and usage. Enterprises face various challenges related to the development of the market for hydrogen solutions, proper identification of needs and using internal and external capacity to develop research and development projects. The concept of Open Innovation will be used to explain the functioning of the instruments of the European Union in supporting research and development. Innovation in the hydrogen sector is mainly driven by needs created outside of enterprises and requires wide cooperation between various economic entities from many countries combining various competences. The chapter analyses the structure of the EU Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH), the actors involved in adoption of calls for proposals under Horizon 2020 (years 2014–2020) under the FCH and participation of entities in projects that were selected for funding. EU cooperation is necessary to tackle the technological challenges of the 21st century related to energy transition and global competition. The European Union has instruments, which can and should be used by Polish economic and research entities in order to be among the leaders of hydrogen technologies. In this chapter, the author reveals the modest participation of Polish economic and research entities in creating calls for proposals under the FCH and in participation in projects selected for funding (in the period 2014–2020). This can lead to a conclusion that strategies of Polish enterprises do not yet recognise the possibility of using open innovation at EU level.
- Price: 4.50 €
Ramy prawne i wyzwania regulacyjne rynku wodoru
Ramy prawne i wyzwania regulacyjne rynku wodoru
(Legal framework and regulatory challenges of the hydrogen market)
- Author(s):Tomasz Andrzejewski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:155-178
- No. of Pages:34
- Keywords:hydrogen market; decarbonisation of the economy; RES; regulations and initiatives; EU strategy
- Summary/Abstract:The study is an overview of the existing initiatives, regulations and planned activities supporting the development of the European hydrogen market. Presents the EU strategy for hydrogen containing requirements for energy policy, plans for the development of hydrogen technologies and the hydrogen market, supply and demand shaping, infrastructure construction, the use of existing and new financial instruments and methods of supporting research and innovation. Describes the new Hydrogen Act initiative aimed at harmonizing, integrating activities and regulations related to hydrogen, which focuses on infrastructure and market aspects. The initiative envisages taking action in three phases: market start-up, development and growth, detailing the necessary changes and new initiatives. The study also presents changes under the recently adopted “Fit for 55” initiative. The package envisages the preparation of legislative proposals to bring existing climate, energy and transport legislation into line with EU’s 2030 and 2050 climate goal.
- Price: 4.50 €
Elektryfikacja, metanizacja czy wodoryzacja transportu?
Elektryfikacja, metanizacja czy wodoryzacja transportu?
(Electrification, methanation or hydrogenation of the transport sector?)
- Author(s):Waldemar Kozioł, Filip Targowski, Michał Grzybowski, Grzegorz Tchorek, Bernard Arogyaswamy, Tadeusz Winkler-Drews
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:179-202
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:transport; emissivity; energy transformation; methanation; electrification; hydrogenation; risk
- Summary/Abstract:The process of energy transformation and the pursuit of zero emissions will also affect the conditions for doing business in the transport sector. At present, there are three possible alternatives to reduce the emissions of this sector of the economy: methanation, electrification and hydrogenation. This article assesses the applicability of these alternatives to the activities of companies in the transport sector.
- Price: 4.50 €
Rynek podstawowych komponentów elektromobilności – baterie i ich recykling
Rynek podstawowych komponentów elektromobilności – baterie i ich recykling
(Market of base electromobility components – batteries and its recycling)
- Author(s):Grzegorz Lota, Paweł Swoboda, Katarzyna Lota
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:203-216
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:chemical power sources; Li-ion batteries; lead-acid batteries; battery manufactures; recycling
- Summary/Abstract:Poland is one of the main suppliers of chemical power sources in the European Union (EU) market. In terms of the number of companies involved in the battery industry, we rank third in the EU. In Poland, there are producers of lead-acid batteries, both with national and foreign capital. Also, because of foreign capital investments, we are one of the key producers of lithiumion (Li-ion) batteries. Production of battery packages is also the domain of Polish enterprises, although there are also large entities with foreign capital. The last stage of the battery cycle life is recycling. And so, in Poland, several companies are dealing with the recycling of chemical power sources, mainly lead-acid batteries and zinc-manganese primary batteries. In the case of lithiumion batteries, the problem of recycling is still not sufficiently solved. This generates attempts to use entire packages, e.g., introducing the so-called „second life of the batteries”. Thinking about the aim of developing battery technologies, one should not forget about the development of new, cost-effective recycling technologies for Li-ion batteries, ensuring the reuse of materials and not postponing the problem in time. The state should support this process as it will not be profitable for some time to come.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wykorzystanie LNG i H2 w transporcie kolejowym
Wykorzystanie LNG i H2 w transporcie kolejowym
(The use of LNG and H2 in rail transport)
- Author(s):Waldemar Kozioł, Tymoteusz Pruchnik, Filip Targowski, Grzegorz Tchorek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:217-243
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:rail transport; emissivity; CNG; LNG; hydrogenation; risk; energy transformation; revitalization of railway lines
- Summary/Abstract:The rail transport industry, thanks to large investment outlays financed by the European Union, stands a chance of wide expansion, both in the transport of goods and passengers. The non-electrified railroads, which have been closed so far on the one hand, and on the other hand, those existing ones, served by anot very modern and very emissive diesel fleet, may have a great chance. The use of natural gas and hydrogen creates new opportunities for this transport, resulting from the reduction of operating costs and lower or practically zero emissions. They also provide greater opportunities to support activities aimed at reducing the communication exclusion of less developed regions without incurring large investments in the electrification of railway lines. This article assesses the possibility of using these two alternatives (CNG/LNG or hydrogen) in the activities of enterprises (operators) in the rail transport sector, primarily on non-electrified railroads.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wyzwania sektora nieruchomości w zakresie dążenia do neutralności klimatycznej
Wyzwania sektora nieruchomości w zakresie dążenia do neutralności klimatycznej
(Challenges of the real estate sector in terms of achieving climate neutrality)
- Author(s):Iwona Sroka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:244-263
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:closed loop economy; Eco-solutions; Energy efficiency; Sustainable Growth
- Summary/Abstract:The paper indicates the current challenges of the real estate sector in the pursuit of climate neutrality on the example of housing developers and a practical approach to the concept of a circular economy, which is currently implemented by the European Union and EU Member States. The challenges of climate neutrality and the pursuit of energy efficiency are part of the circular economy concept those products, materials and raw materials should remain used in the economic system if possible, and on the other hand, waste generation should be reduced to the absolute minimum. This concept considers the entire life cycle of a product, from the design phase to waste management, and generally assumes an ecological approach to economic processes. An important area of the economic system within which it is possible to implement the concept of the so-called circular economy, there is the housing sector and the current trends towards lower consumption of raw materials, including electricity and the so-called carbon footprint. In this context, the work focuses on the development sector’s striving to reduce energy consumption, achieving energy efficiency and development directions for multi-family housing in this area.
- Price: 4.50 €
Źródła finansowania transformacji energetycznej
Źródła finansowania transformacji energetycznej
(Financial Sources of Energy Transformation)
- Author(s):Michał Kołtuniak, Michał Grzybowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:265-283
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:energetyka; transformacja; OZE; finanse; inwestycje
- Summary/Abstract:The thesis put forward by the authors of the article is based on the observation, that the new market environment and the vision of reaching climate neutrality are currently becoming a real challenge for the management boards of energy companies. In particular, those based on conventional fuels. In addition to entering new business models, companies will also have to use more advanced instruments for financing new investments than has been the case so far. On the one hand, this may mean the need to separate coal assets, and perhaps also gas assets, which become a burden, on the other hand, the establishment of special purpose vehicles in order to make the best use of available sources of investment financing, e.g. through project finance activities. A financial response to these challenges may be programmes developed at EU level and linked to the implementation of the Green Deal.
- Price: 4.50 €
Zielone obligacje jako nowoczesne instrumenty finansowania zrównoważonych inwestycji
Zielone obligacje jako nowoczesne instrumenty finansowania zrównoważonych inwestycji
(Green bonds as modern instruments for financing sustainable investments)
- Author(s):Magdalena Olender-Skorek, Iwona Sroka, Filip Targowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:284-303
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:green bonds; climate bonds; sustainable investments; World Bank; Climate Bonds Standard
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents the issue of green bonds as amodern developing tool for financing sustainable investments. The history of green bonds as well as basic assumptions, guidelines and requirements for issuers were presented. Then, on the basis of statistical data, the development of this instrument in the world, Europe and Poland was analyzed. There is a huge level of differentiation in this development – there are countries where a larger volume is issued with a lower value, and there are also others, where the emissions are single, but have a high value. There are entrepreneurs as issuers, but often also local and central authorities. The contemporary determinants of green bonds’ development may indicate that this is an instrument which importance will probably grow rapidly.
- Price: 4.50 €