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EDUCATION, SOCIETY, FAMILY. INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES AND ANALYSES Cover Image

Education, Society, Family. Interdisciplinary Perspectives and Analyses
EDUCATION, SOCIETY, FAMILY. INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES AND ANALYSES

Contributor(s): Dorin Opriş (Editor), Ioan Scheau (Editor), Octavian Moşin (Editor)
Subject(s): Christian Theology and Religion, Social Sciences, Education, Preschool education, School education, Higher Education , Distance learning / e-learning
Published by: Editura Eikon
Keywords: conference; education; values;
Summary/Abstract: This volume includes a selection of papers presented at the International Conference "Education in the Perspective of Values", the 13th edition, held online from September 28 to 29, 2021. The organizers of this edition were: "1 December 1918" University of Alba Iulia, University of Primorska (Slovenia), University of Helsinki (Finland), "Babeş-Bolyai" University of Cluj-Napoca - Doctoral School "Didactics. Tradition, Development, Innovation", Moldova State University (Republic of Moldova).

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-606-49-0621-2
  • Page Count: 218
  • Publication Year: 2021
  • Language: English
AUTONOMY OF THE SMALL SCHOOL CHILD IN CARRYING OUT EXPERIMENTS SPECIFIC TO NATURAL SCIENCES

AUTONOMY OF THE SMALL SCHOOL CHILD IN CARRYING OUT EXPERIMENTS SPECIFIC TO NATURAL SCIENCES
(AUTONOMY OF THE SMALL SCHOOL CHILD IN CARRYING OUT EXPERIMENTS SPECIFIC TO NATURAL SCIENCES)

  • Author(s):Daniela Căprioară, Liliana Novac
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Higher Education , Pedagogy
  • Page Range:8-13
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:experiment; natural sciences;autonomy; learning through discovery;
  • Summary/Abstract:The basis of the objective understanding of the surrounding reality is the exploration of empirical knowledge. Questions like "Why?", "How?" or "Where from?" have always appeared against the background of children's overflowing curiosity about the natural phenomena that happen around them. The answers given on the basis of scientific explanations, in general, to each question, may exceed their capacity for understanding. Is the experiment the easiest "way" for the child to discover scientific truths? Is it important, especially in science classes? Can the student perform experiments autonomously? This is what we set out to demonstrate in this paper: the importance of the experiment in natural science classes, but also the extent to which third and fourth grade students have autonomy in doing so. For this purpose, we applied the analyze method of school documents, in order to highlight the number of experiments proposed in school textbooks that can be carried out autonomously (without adult support / supervision).
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR THE FORMATION OF THE STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOUR TODAY

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR THE FORMATION OF THE STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOUR TODAY
(THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR THE FORMATION OF THE STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOUR TODAY)

  • Author(s):Carmen-Maria Bolocan, Pavel Lungu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Education, Theology and Religion, Higher Education
  • Page Range:14-19
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:religious education; behavior;student; religious feeling; adolescent; influence;
  • Summary/Abstract:Education opens the predisposition to become aware of good, beauty and harmony within man and universe. At the beginning of the formation of the procedural state system of education, Religion was a constitutive part of education in general, being, in fact, the anteroom in which education of all types developed, divided into various subjects. In the religious formation of the student, a major role is played by the professor of Religion, especially, to be precise, by his pedagogical and theological knowledge as well as by his character, his love for sharing the Divine Word with the students, his empathy and love for “one of the least of these”. Teenagers, adolescents have always represented a challenge. Their psychological and physiological changes that happen more quickly in their case and in a different manner in comparison to the changes that happen in little children require a bigger effort from the teacher of Religion to understand their attitudes and intimate problems of an existential nature. At this age, due to the stage of development of the self-awareness, due to the manner in which they become aware of their personal existence in a tenderer universe from multiple perspectives, they go through a certain restructuring in thinking and confusion or loss in alternatives. Besides the major role of the model of the teacher of Religion, the methods chosen to teach Religion are also of high importance to the religious and harmonious development of the students’ behaviors.
ORTHODOX HYMNS IN THE VESPERS FOR THE CELEBRATION OF SAINT MARTYR PHILOFTHEIA - WRITTEN BY SISTER MAGDALINA NICOLESCU (HIGHER EDUCATION CONSIDERATIONS)

ORTHODOX HYMNS IN THE VESPERS FOR THE CELEBRATION OF SAINT MARTYR PHILOFTHEIA - WRITTEN BY SISTER MAGDALINA NICOLESCU (HIGHER EDUCATION CONSIDERATIONS)
(ORTHODOX HYMNS IN THE VESPERS FOR THE CELEBRATION OF SAINT MARTYR PHILOFTHEIA - WRITTEN BY SISTER MAGDALINA NICOLESCU (HIGHER EDUCATION CONSIDERATIONS))

  • Author(s):Cristina Moldoveanu, Petruţa Maria Coroiu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Education, Theology and Religion, Higher Education
  • Page Range:20-24
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:nun; composition; verpers; prayer;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper focuses on the creation of Sister Magdalina Nicolescu, who had a keen interest in psalm music in the Romanian church culture. In 1933 she was mother superior at Zamfira Monastery, and among her psalms there is the Service devoted to Saint Martyr Philoftheia, preserved in the Minei edition printed in 1873 by Cernica Monastery Press. The analysis of the text considers it a model for education highlighting spiritual education, not only the intellectual one. The hymns of the Vespers sooth the souls of those who pray, after the turmoil of the day, bringing them the inner peace of prayer, preparing them for the uplifting moment of Litia, the Blessing of the Bread, accompanied by specific hymns and leading to the hymns at the end of the Service, whose texts concentrate on the redeeming life and deeds of the celebrated saint.
THEOLOGICAL PROFESSIONALISM: BETWEEN SACREDCHURCH SPACE AND COMMUNITY

THEOLOGICAL PROFESSIONALISM: BETWEEN SACREDCHURCH SPACE AND COMMUNITY
(THEOLOGICAL PROFESSIONALISM: BETWEEN SACREDCHURCH SPACE AND COMMUNITY)

  • Author(s):Andrian Aleksandrov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Education, Theology and Religion, Higher Education
  • Page Range:25-32
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Practical Theology; Faculty of Theology; Pastoral Care; Homiletics; Catechetics; Church Communication; Social Competence; Clerical Skills; Lifelong learning; Education
  • Summary/Abstract:Today, both university and church management follow strict economic principles, along with scholarly accreditation rules that grant more academic freedom. The canonical order, on the other hand, is what has traditionally defined the spiritual confessional hierarchy of relationships among theologians. Simultaneously, moral choice and commitment to values are essential pillars of humanitarian and theological professionalism, as well as of most of the fields that share social practices with the Orthodox Church. Theological and clerical professionalism is the basic requirement of many services that are shared along the development of church lifestyle, ethos, and liturgical life with religious communities who need education in faith, encompassing the entire Christian Church. While the hierotopy of scared church space and community had been mystically integrating the entire range of human attitudes toward theological perfection into one sacramental liturgical whole, media began sharing that process with global society more and more openly. Everyone could freely, instantly, and dynamically access Eastern Orthodox Christian Church and try to find their special place in the whole church organism, where every part is to be perfectly bonded with the others, without live adjustment of one's individual state of spiritual growth according to collective perspectives.
EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN ONLINE EDUCATION DURING COVID PANDEMIC

EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN ONLINE EDUCATION DURING COVID PANDEMIC
(EXPLORING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN ONLINE EDUCATION DURING COVID PANDEMIC)

  • Author(s):Vasile Creţu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, School education, Higher Education , Distance learning / e-learning
  • Page Range:33-41
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:pandemic; school; digital; online; education; challenge; opportunity; change;
  • Summary/Abstract:The global pandemic generated chances in many aspects of the daily life. Education was also strongly impacted, and the actors involved in the educational process had to formulate quick and effective solutions for ensuring its continuity. As a rule, the digital platforms became thus home for education, despite previous critical views that digital was overused by children and youngsters with negative implications for their behavior and mental health. This article tries to explore the way online education changed the school process, the teachers, the pupils or the students, and intends to highlight the opportunities, as well as the brought by the online education during pandemic.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE ONLINE TEACHING PROCESS DURING THE PANDEMIC. A CASE STUDY

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE ONLINE TEACHING PROCESS DURING THE PANDEMIC. A CASE STUDY
(STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE ONLINE TEACHING PROCESS DURING THE PANDEMIC. A CASE STUDY)

  • Author(s):Mihaela Badea, Diana Presada
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Higher Education , Distance learning / e-learning
  • Page Range:42-47
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:online teaching; evaluation; quality; students;
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to find out students’ opinions about the effectiveness of the teaching process that took place during the academic year 2020-2021 under the pandemic circumstances. The basis of the present case study is represented by the surveys that students had to complete so that the university staff could quantify and assess the outcomes of the online teaching and learning academic practices during the pandemic. The results of the study served as an indicator of the quality and effectiveness of the online educational process.
EARTHLY LIFE IN GOD'S LOVE, VALUE AND MEANING FOR TODAY'S YOUTH

EARTHLY LIFE IN GOD'S LOVE, VALUE AND MEANING FOR TODAY'S YOUTH
(EARTHLY LIFE IN GOD'S LOVE, VALUE AND MEANING FOR TODAY'S YOUTH)

  • Author(s):Gavril Trifa
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Education, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:48-53
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:meaning of life; love of fellow human beings; friendship; restlessness; youth;
  • Summary/Abstract:The question of the meaning of earthly life and the eternal destiny of man have been constant themes of reflection in Christian thought, even if the great statements with clarifying value for the great questions of man were definitively formulated by Jesus Christ, the One born under the law, because those born under the law to release them. The great restlessness of man prove to be a constant, and for the young people the recourse to biblical and patristic texts, with all their indisputable position, even by those at the age of attempts to change the world, demands updates and even customizations. The present text aims to make an analysis of the relationship between man and the world, from a theological and educational-pastoral perspective. The philosophical and socio-political currents born of the great restlessness of the Renaissance man gradually led to the consideration of freedom, understood as independence from divinity, as a purpose in itself, and through this they made man feel more and more distant from himself and his fellows. The text details conceptually and illustrates through models left by the holy fathers the way in which the understanding in the light of the divine Revelation of the love of fellow men leads to the assumption of friendship, and through this supports the way of man towards Man.
ADDRESS TERMS – CONTEXTUALIZATION AND FUNCTIONALITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

ADDRESS TERMS – CONTEXTUALIZATION AND FUNCTIONALITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
(ADDRESS TERMS – CONTEXTUALIZATION AND FUNCTIONALITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL)

  • Author(s):Angelica Hobjilă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Theory of Communication, School education
  • Page Range:54-60
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:communication; address terms; contextualization; functions; primary school;
  • Summary/Abstract:Communication involves, in the school universe, multiple variables at subjective, relational, hierarchical, contextual level. Among the various components of the communicative act, the address terms reflect, in addition to the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor, a certain communicative intention, a certain way of influencing the interlocutor, of regulating the relationship, etc. These elements (embodied in name, surname, caress / diminutive forms, “name” given to groups of students, interjections, positive / negative “labels”, etc.) are analysed in this paper, in the context of face-to-face communication and online communication (teacher - student / students, student - student), by reporting to sequences of activities / activities carried out in primary school, in Romania (activities available online, on YouTube or attended online, in a pandemic context). The aim is, on the one hand, to inventory the address terms used in communication situations that can be found in primary school and, on the other hand, to identify the functions that these terms fulfill depending on the context.
DEDUCTIBILITY AND ANALOGY IN THE STUDY OF SOME TRIANGLES (I) - general results

DEDUCTIBILITY AND ANALOGY IN THE STUDY OF SOME TRIANGLES (I) - general results
(DEDUCTIBILITY AND ANALOGY IN THE STUDY OF SOME TRIANGLES (I) - general results)

  • Author(s):Teodor Dumitru Vălcan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, School education, Higher Education
  • Page Range:61-71
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:deductibility; analogy; triangle; cevian; circle; geometric - trigonometric; identity; inequality;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper we propose, using the relations of logical deductibility and the analogy method, to present some interesting results in the Geometry of the triangle. Thus, we consider a triangle ABC and three cevians, which intersect at point K and intersect the sides of the given triangle at points A, B and C, and the circle circumscribed to the triangle ABC in A1, B1 and C1. Then we will call the triangle ABC the triangle K-cevian attached to the triangle ABC and the point K, and the triangle A1B1C1 we will call the triangle K-circumcevian attached to the triangle ABC and the point K. Using the usual mathematical knowledge, valid in any triangle, we can obtain a series of very uninteresting geometric or trigonometric identities and inequalities, some of them very difficult to prove, synthetically. On the other hand, these new geometric or trigonometric relations introduced in certain derivable or only integrable functions, can lead to a series of identities or inequalities differential or integral, particularly interesting. The paper is exclusively for Didactics of Mathematics and is addressed, equally, to children, students and teachers eager to perform in this field of Mathematics or in Mathematics in general.
PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPETENCE OF PRAGMATIC COMMUNICATION IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPETENCE OF PRAGMATIC COMMUNICATION IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
(PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPETENCE OF PRAGMATIC COMMUNICATION IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION)

  • Author(s):Angela Dimitriu, Nina Bîrnaz
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Foreign languages learning, Vocational Education
  • Page Range:72-76
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Communication; competence; pragmatic communication competence; communication in a foreign language; vocational education;
  • Summary/Abstract:Professional competence includes the abilities to properly select, combine and use the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes necessary to successfully, effectively and efficiently perform the work or the learning tasks related to a particular profession. During the vocational education of students, the development of communication skills plays an important role.In the context of globalization, the competence of pragmatic communication in a foreign language is an imperative in the vocational development.This article conceptualizes the competence of pragmatic communication in a foreign language for students in vocational education, which includes three-dimensional aspects: the cognitive aspect/knowledge (Savoir), the praxiological aspect/skills (Savoir faire) and axiological aspect/values and attitudes (Savoir vivre) necessary for the efficient communication in a foreign language in the vocational field. In order to develop this competence, the subject of Applied English Language was included into the curriculum of vocational education (ISCED level 4) in the Republic of Moldova that offers students’ opportunities for professional growth at both national and international level.
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND PASTORAL CARE OF YOUTH IN FRONT OF THE DEFIANCE OF TODAY'S WORLD

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND PASTORAL CARE OF YOUTH IN FRONT OF THE DEFIANCE OF TODAY'S WORLD
(RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND PASTORAL CARE OF YOUTH IN FRONT OF THE DEFIANCE OF TODAY'S WORLD)

  • Author(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Education, Theology and Religion, School education
  • Page Range:77-89
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:religious education; youth; challenges; society; Church; school; pastoral care;
  • Summary/Abstract:The contemporary paradigm of moral education is based on the combination of moral knowledge and moral action. At the same time, moral education consists in creating an appropriate environment for the interiorization of the components of social morality into the young's personality structure, leading to the implementation of proper moral conduct. The orientation of religious education to the concrete life of the people and to a more direct and more vivid link with Church services and especially the Divine Liturgy is a goal truly expected. This requires a closer connection between teachers, priests, and parishes, as well as outlining some educational partnerships between parishes and schools. From these permanent links, not only the Church would benefit, but also the school, and consequently, the Romanian society.
THE TRENDS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY FOR AN ARCHITECTURE, A HEALTHY INTERIOR DESIGN, IMPLEMENTED THROUGH A HEALTHY ECO EDUCATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD

THE TRENDS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY FOR AN ARCHITECTURE, A HEALTHY INTERIOR DESIGN, IMPLEMENTED THROUGH A HEALTHY ECO EDUCATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD
(THE TRENDS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY FOR AN ARCHITECTURE, A HEALTHY INTERIOR DESIGN, IMPLEMENTED THROUGH A HEALTHY ECO EDUCATION OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD)

  • Author(s):Angela Munteanu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Architecture, Higher Education
  • Page Range:90-96
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:eco-healthy education; interdisciplinary projects; creative recycling;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the contemporary period, we feel more and more the climate changes influenced by environmental pollution, so we need a conscious approach for the eco-healthy education of humanity. The article contains a theoretical study, which reflects the importance and possibilities of environmental education by teaching strategies and forms of collaboration through interdisciplinary projects in the community. The author reflects the role of the conscious approach on the consumption of natural resources, but also recycling, creative reuse through interior objects, student works, examples to follow in creating products. The tendencies of the contemporary society for architecture, a healthy interior design, were identified, implemented through a healthy eco-education in combination with the classic forms and methods of education of the future specialists. And the purpose of eco-education is for every person to feel directly and responsibly in actions to protect the environment for future generations. Following the awareness of environmental issues by society and taking action in the field of nature protection, the change in the situation can be achieved through eco-healthy education.
THE NEED FOR SOCIAL CONTACT IN THE CAREER START

THE NEED FOR SOCIAL CONTACT IN THE CAREER START
(THE NEED FOR SOCIAL CONTACT IN THE CAREER START)

  • Author(s):Ramona Hurduzeu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Adult Education
  • Page Range:97-104
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Beginner teaching staff; social contact; needs; learning organization; motivation;
  • Summary/Abstract:The beginner teacher, during the assimilation of new experiences, develops in his motivational structure different levels of needs, some or others being dominant, depending on the integration of work content, acceptance and assimilation in the community, assuming the responsibility and roles of the chosen profession, the personal priorities in relation to the ones from the professional level, depending on the integration of the contents of the instructive-educational activities carried out. Appropriate social support would involve sympathetic relationships that make it possible to be allowed to directly request support and the receptiveness of others to the demands of the person in difficulty. The transformations made by the beginner teacher during the first two years of didactic activity are of major importance for the future teaching career which determined the concern of the present study to highlight the necessity of different social contact needs for the beginner teachers with the familiarization and assumption of the activity teaching. The conditions of appreciation of the work done, the internalization of the roles and the assumption of responsibilities, motivate the young teacher for continuity in didactic activity, facilitate his adaptation to the professional, social environment that defines the school unit as an organization by which the debutant learns.
THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE IN THE INITIAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL SKILLS

THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE IN THE INITIAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL SKILLS
(THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE IN THE INITIAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL SKILLS)

  • Author(s):Anamaria Popescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Higher Education
  • Page Range:105-110
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:mathematical competence; education; cognitive development; mathematical reasoning; thinking;
  • Summary/Abstract:Mathematics is the discipline that can and has the purpose of forming an investigative, creative thinking, a deepening of new knowledge and in general, an approach to the unknown through a true style of research. Regardless of the field in which he works, the man must possess a good mathematical training, in order to be able to solve the multitude of problems of the socio-professional life. The emphasis is primarily on thinking due to the fact that thinking has always been the basis of progress constituting social evolution. Any critical thinking, original and creative, is formed through mathematics. By teaching this discipline, the development of reasoning and the spirit of receptivity, of the skills of logical thinking, of clear and precise definition of the notions of creative adaptation to the current requirements are achieved. Cognitive development through mathematics also helps man in solving the daily problems he encounters. Mathematical thinking is manifested through a wide variety of intellectual activities related to memory and imagination, namely: judgment, reasoning, understanding, explanation, invention, deduction, induction, analogy, abstraction, generalization, comparison, concretization, classification, division, solving problem situations etc. Mathematical reasoning and thinking create the person's ability to understand other disciplines, problems in nature, life and society. It also contributes to the formation and development of the ability to work organized and rhythmically and the spirit of investigation. Mathematical education results in the formation of skills and abilities necessary in mathematical activity that become useful in human practical activity.
THE USE OF PROPAGANDA POSTERS IN HISTORY CLASSES

THE USE OF PROPAGANDA POSTERS IN HISTORY CLASSES
(THE USE OF PROPAGANDA POSTERS IN HISTORY CLASSES)

  • Author(s):Nicolae Hurduzeu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Theory of Communication, Higher Education
  • Page Range:111-117
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:propaganda; teaching aid; history; manipulation; stereotype;
  • Summary/Abstract:We live in a period when the majority of the important messages about the social issues and events are sent by different media channels such as the television, written press or the internet. For the success of democracy, it is essential that the students, the future adults of our society, should have the ability to analyse and evaluate the messages received through various means of communication. Even since school, students should have the capacity to understand the influence of mass media messages on the way in which they understand the world they live in. Students need to be trained to identify and use various communication techniques of messages in different media forms. In order to do this, history classes may be the perfect setting for the analysis of some primary historic sources. The image, the picture and the propaganda poster are primary historic sources each having their own code of communication. These involve symbols, colour schemes, they may even involve sounds. The analysis of images, photos, is that more important today as the cultural life of the younger generations is rather visual that written. Without these critical abilities we risk losing the diversity and freedom of thinking which form the foundation of a truly democratic society.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY AND INSPIRED FUSION OF CREATIVE SPIRITS

CLAUDE DEBUSSY AND INSPIRED FUSION OF CREATIVE SPIRITS
(CLAUDE DEBUSSY AND INSPIRED FUSION OF CREATIVE SPIRITS)

  • Author(s):Ioana Stănescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Music, 19th Century
  • Page Range:118-123
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:emulation; impressionism; symbolism; suggestion; spiritual freedom;
  • Summary/Abstract:The cultural climate of Claude Debussy's formative years is represented by Paris, during the years of the legendary fin de siècle, in the last two decades of the 19th century, in which a remarkable artistic emulation, expression of numerous exhibitions, publications of posters, music performances, ballet or music-hall, the frequent meetings between artists wrote their history on the background of a radical change of an aesthetic conception. During this period, exhibitions of his own works initiated by painters from the original Impressionist circle, such as Pissaro, Monet, Degas, Renoir and Sisley, led, step by step, to the affirmation and recognition of Impressionism, which promoted a new vision of the world. A meeting with a decisive impact, at the level of the evolution of Claude Debussy's aesthetic vision, would be the one with Stéphane Mallarmé, one of the outstanding personalities of the symbolist French poetry. A few years later, Mallarmé's prose poem, Afternoon of a Faun, will provide the title and inspiration for one of Claude Debussy's most important works for orchestra. Thus, this artistic emulation found its unifying vector in the animus and common interest of overcoming artistic conventions, in the openness to novelty and exoticism, through the power of suggestion and evocation, in the freedom of expression to which Mallarmé or Laforgue's free verse urged, as an innovative form of a spirit that constantly seeks the mystery of life, evading the limits and patterns of an outdated academic tradition. Debussy's affinities in the field of painting will find their correspondence in the vision of the relationship between art and nature articulated by J.A. McNeill Whistler in his Ten O’Clock famous reading and William Turner, being considered the greatest mystery creator in whole art by the French composer. Thus, his work remains a testament to the mastery of his musical instinct to assimilate the essence of the visionary aesthetic ideas of the era, to translate them into artistic creations capable of communicating the sensitivity of his dreams and what he sees in his mind’s eyes. But Debussy's genius intuits the emancipatory power of music in recognizing and eluding description, narrative, or illustration as far too restrictive forms of artistic representation. So the French composer will affirm music on the evolutionary path of an aesthetic, which recognizes the importance of imagination and the vital need for freedom of expression as literary symbolism had generated the liberation of language from the usual uses and meaning of words.
HIGHLIGHTS OF EDUCATION IN THE SPIRIT OF MORAL VALUES

HIGHLIGHTS OF EDUCATION IN THE SPIRIT OF MORAL VALUES
(HIGHLIGHTS OF EDUCATION IN THE SPIRIT OF MORAL VALUES)

  • Author(s):Adina Popovici
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Education, Theology and Religion, School education
  • Page Range:124-128
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:moral education; society; values; school; religion;
  • Summary/Abstract:The need for Standards and principles to guide human behavior has always existed. Moral education has established itself over time as a necessity, an element without which a healthy society can not be built, with members able to cooperate, make responsible choices and make the right decisions. Moreover, moral education provides inner balance to the individual, ensuring his increased self-esteem, moral values are elements that inspire and motivate. Since ancient times, the school has also dealt with the moral education of students. The great thinkers of mankind considered the moral formation of the child to be one of its main duties, in order for society to benefit from members able to discern between good and evil, to live harmoniously in the collective, to achieve common long-term benefits. Moral education was considered a final dimension of religious education, with which it has great similarities, they are in a relationship of complementarity and causality.
PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING DESIGN FOR MULTIGRADE CLASSES

PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING DESIGN FOR MULTIGRADE CLASSES
(PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING DESIGN FOR MULTIGRADE CLASSES)

  • Author(s):Irina Roxana Acatrinei
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education
  • Page Range:129-137
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:multigrade teaching; curricula; teaching planning; teaching design; types of activity
  • Summary/Abstract:Multigrade teaching means the teaching activity carried out simultaneously with two, three or four classes, depending on the number of students. The specificity of this type of teaching consists in the interweaving of two categories of activities, direct and indirect. These activities are designed and carried out according to the characteristics of the classes, specific competencies, the content of the school curricula, but according to the framework plan and the programs valid for non-multigrade classes.Teaching planning, regardless of its type, must be a useful working tool for teachers. This article aims to present the specifics of planning and teaching design in multigrade teaching, the factors influencing these actions and to analyze difficulties encountered and reported by teachers at this stage.The research data were collected following the application of a questionnaire for teachers from this kind of classes. 210 teachers answered, 140 from the elementary school and 70 from the secondary school, different specialties. We followed the collection and processing of data on the elaboration of additional didactic plans for multigrade teaching, the way of organizing the activity, the determining factors, the difficulties encountered during the planning, design and development of the teaching activity, the identification of remedial measures.
CHALLENGES TO TRADITIONAL PREACHING PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND MEDIA

CHALLENGES TO TRADITIONAL PREACHING PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND MEDIA
(CHALLENGES TO TRADITIONAL PREACHING PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY AND MEDIA)

  • Author(s):Ventsislav Popivanov
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Theology and Religion, Theory of Communication
  • Page Range:138-145
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Preaching; Homiletics; Practical Theology; Eastern Christian Orthodoxy; Bulgarian Orthodox Church; Media Communication;
  • Summary/Abstract:Pastoral art of homiletics is basic for church mission among faithful believers, newcomers and whole people, country and society. Preaching is ancient traditional church practice, but at the same time, it is a communication with earthly church of every particular place and time. Individual characteristics of preaching the Gospel are central, including some theological interpretation, sacred historical narrative, common spiritual advice and examples from the life of the faith community. Priests usually learn and practice preparation and delivering of homilies in the mature stages of their vocational theological education. What clergy delivers solemnly from the pulpit and in the media in a form of sacred artistic speech with special rhythm and contents, has to clearly orient people in their belief and confession, to consolidate particular denominational unit, and internally enlighten every single present soul to God. Every ordinary priest is called every day to lead his flock to salvation by simple steps that had been undertaken and developed by generation of ordained predecessors. As the determination of homilies to open distribution nowadays is the same as in the past and in the future, this paper discusses the effectiveness of preaching, based on sources from church heritage, and demands of life.
MORALS REGARDED FROM A RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE

MORALS REGARDED FROM A RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE
(MORALS REGARDED FROM A RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE)

  • Author(s):Teodora-Mirela Băbuţ
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:146-151
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:morality; religious perspective; moral law; conduct, values;
  • Summary/Abstract:The first judgments of moral value appeared in close connection with religious doctrines from the beginning of history and have remained to this day major components of religiosity and, at the same time, important sources for the constitution of moral doctrines. From a religious point of view, morality has its origins in the great religions of the world, which constitute the "embryogenesis" of morality. It starts from a formative disposition, from the ability to react and act reasonably of a person in relation to another person, while faith implies choice and trust in divine revelation.Morality shows us how to relate to each other, being the bridge between religion and philosophy. From the moral teaching of Jesus Christ we deduce as a social motive the fact that every conduct of a man must accept the value of his fellow man, his own conduct before the others being always determined by the responsibility of each one towards God.Immanuel Kant presents morality from a metaphysical-religious point of view, admitting that no matter how much man struggles with the senses, he will not be able to subjugate them so as to achieve a harmony between matter, will and moral law, postulating in this sense. you feel three great contemplations: freedom of will, immortality of the soul, and the existence of God.
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT CHURCH AND SCHOOL AS FORMATION OF SHARED VALUES OF TRADITIONAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT CHURCH AND SCHOOL AS FORMATION OF SHARED VALUES OF TRADITIONAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY
(RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AT CHURCH AND SCHOOL AS FORMATION OF SHARED VALUES OF TRADITIONAL EUROPEAN IDENTITY)

  • Author(s):Diana Tyurkedzhieva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Theology and Religion, Preschool education, School education, Higher Education , EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
  • Page Range:152-159
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:church education; religious schooling; cultural formation; social values; theological traditions; European identity;
  • Summary/Abstract:Along with the EU integration, the Bulgarian religious education had been interpreted as identity formation, rather than as confessional practice. Knowledge about the statistically dominant Eastern Orthodox Christian faith was generally perceived by local population as part of nationalist and ethnic patriotic upbringing, similar to what children were involved in socialist and previous times. Transition to democratic social order and deideologisation of education, as well as overcoming the memory of repressive cultural policy of communist regime, that excluded religious traditions as live heritage, and limited any faith to history, required new approach to religious education at churches, schools, and other cultural spaces for youth and adults as reading houses, non-governmental organisations, monasteries and convents. Multiculturalism that gave to the majority new opportunities to enjoy religious rights, at the same time empowered culturally ethnic religious minorities, that were previously discriminated. Minor religious communities demonstrated higher interest also in state-subsidised religious education in its confessional sense, as they earlier managed to organise for their members. International or ethnically and nationally diferent support to Bulgarian religious education reduced the value of its patriotic effect on population and therefore it had not become locally popular practice, until recent state edition of synodal set of Eastern Orthodox Christian church textbooks.
DEVELOPED MORAL ATTITUDES OF CHILDREN IN KINDERGARTEN

DEVELOPED MORAL ATTITUDES OF CHILDREN IN KINDERGARTEN
(DEVELOPED MORAL ATTITUDES OF CHILDREN IN KINDERGARTEN)

  • Author(s):Loredana-Alina Stan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Psychology, Social psychology and group interaction, Pedagogy
  • Page Range:160-164
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:kindergarten; moral education; attitudes; moral attitude; behaviour;
  • Summary/Abstract:Moral education is the dimension of education that seeks to form and develop the consciousness and moral conduct of the individual's personality. The basic aspects of moral education are interconditioned and complement each other. The specialized literature offers us thousands of volumes and studies on attitude, a major factor in moral education and one of the most studied concepts in social psychology, the term having about 100 definitions. Kindergarten is the environment in which the child's morality is based, his ideals and spiritual values are determined, moral values such as kindness, honesty, diligence, humanity, honesty, love, friendship, respect are outlined. The moral attitudes of the preschooler develop through play, assimilating various systems of rules, norms and values that are promoted in society. The formation, acquisition and development of attitudes and moral values is a complex process, a long process and manifests itself through a certain way of thinking, acting and behaving. Contemporary psychology emphasizes that internally, attitudes combine the cognitive component with the affective and behavioral. Externally, pedagogically, attitudes are manifested through learning and self-learning actions (cognitive), through emotions and feelings (affective actions), actions and deeds of a practically spontaneous or projected nature (behavioral).
THE MORAL MODEL TECHNIQUE AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION. KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES

THE MORAL MODEL TECHNIQUE AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION. KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES
(THE MORAL MODEL TECHNIQUE AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION. KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES)

  • Author(s):Nicoleta-Alina Nicola, Ana Fȃntȃnă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Preschool education
  • Page Range:165-175
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:moral model; moral attitudes; moral behavior; teaching methods; early education;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to analyze the opinion of teachers for preschool education in terms of adopting the best strategies for activities in which the technique of the moral model is used. In this research we are using the moral model technique as a didactic method. From this research carried out so far in the field of Education Sciences, it emerges the special importance of the formation of a moral conduct in children, starting especially from the early education, where the basis of future education is realized. One of the issues discussed in this research is the use of the most appropriate teaching strategy to combine modern teaching methods with traditional ones in kindergarten activities that use the technique of the moral model. The use of moral models in activities guides both teachers and, especially, children in the formation of a moral conduct, in the acquisition of moral norms and values and in the formation of desirable behaviors based on morality. The effect of using the moral model also depends on the quality of the model and how it is perceived by preschoolers. In the primary phases of the ongoing research, we applied a questionnaire to a sample of 132 educators from several counties in the country. Teachers' responses showed that most (98%) of them use the technique of the moral model in activities, to form attitudes and moral behaviors in preschoolers. 99% of the respondents adopt a teaching strategy that combines modern teaching methods with traditional ones in carrying out kindergarten activities. From their answers, we notice that the most important criteria for choosing the right moral models to be used in activities are: the age peculiarities of the children; the number of positive qualities of the moral model; the moral behavior that is to be developed in the respective activity; the notoriety of the chosen model; the degree of morality of the model and the children's affinity for certain moral models known to them, usually characters from stories. Although 90% of the responding teachers consider that the parents of preschoolers have a very important role in shaping the moral behavior and moral attitudes of children, the same percentage say that kindergarten helps a lot in correcting undesirable behaviors of children and training their moral conduct. From the answers given, it appears that the priority teaching methods for the formation of behaviors and moral attitudes in preschoolers are Explanation, The method of thinking hats, Storytelling, Dramatization and Brainstorming.
VALUE OF SINCERE VOICES OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF CHURCH CATECHISATION

VALUE OF SINCERE VOICES OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF CHURCH CATECHISATION
(VALUE OF SINCERE VOICES OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN THE PROCESS OF CHURCH CATECHISATION)

  • Author(s):Velina Toneva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Theology and Religion, Pedagogy
  • Page Range:176-183
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Church Education; Pastoral Care; Eastern Orthodox Christianity; Pedagogy; Prayer Life;
  • Summary/Abstract:Contemporary religious education in Eastern Orthodox Christian countries and churches is often closer to catechisation than to comparative religious studies, because that is usually the local tradition and identity-building nature of schooling. On the other hand, recent church catechisation and socialisation are more often combined with recreative, general educational or more specific creative activities, classes and moments. Even new topics in arts and humanities go together with preaching to senior and to “those minor ones” and spiritually caring of children, youths, adults and elderly. When clergy works with people in the specific language and according to their particular interests that dynamically change, flock responds with same attitude to church lifestyle and confession. This paper is about the key value of understanding the way how children perceive, express and practice what they had actually understood, remembered and learned from parish school or monastery or convent camp. Based on my collection and exploration of small pieces of children’s prayer and creative texts and on comparison with such studies in Orthodox and other contexts, this study argues that spontaneous children’s responses and further feedback are of considerable value in the process of inchurching, as well as in religious dimension of personal and social child development.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN CARRYING OUT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. RESEARCH BASED ON QUESTIONNAIRE

THE INVOLVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN CARRYING OUT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. RESEARCH BASED ON QUESTIONNAIRE
(THE INVOLVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN CARRYING OUT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. RESEARCH BASED ON QUESTIONNAIRE)

  • Author(s):Ana Fȃntȃnă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, School education
  • Page Range:184-188
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:adolescent; extracurricular activities; finality; non-formal education;
  • Summary/Abstract:The educational ideal aims at the development and formation of honest people, complex personalities characterized by tolerance, respect, continuous development. But, for this, it is necessary not only the education that is achieved in the institutionalized framework, but also through extracurricular activities, because it must dominate the educational influences, often harmful, of the street education, of the informal, diffuse, spontaneous education. Research shows that a continuous / permanent concern is needed for the effective combination of the two types of education, formal and non-formal (through extracurricular activities). Carrying out extracurricular activities (component of non-formal education) to support the achievement of finalities in official documents has become a priority. The results of our research show that by getting involved in extracurricular activities, young people tend to become more responsible for their own training, to get involved in making decisions by combining the cognitive component with the behavioral one.
PHILOSOPHICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS REFERENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF MORAL EDUCATION

PHILOSOPHICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS REFERENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF MORAL EDUCATION
(PHILOSOPHICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS REFERENCES ON THE EVOLUTION OF MORAL EDUCATION)

  • Author(s):Adina Popovici
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History, Philosophy, Education, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:189-197
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:history; morality; values; virtue; principles; teachings;
  • Summary/Abstract:The evolution of moral education reflects the transformation of human society. Since ancient times, moral rules and duties were established within the family and transmitted from generation to generation through short communications and maxims. In the period of antiquity, great emphasis was placed on the formation of children as good citizens, virtue being the most important teaching. It instilled respect for traditions and devotion to the state, in the case of boys, and to family and husband, in the case of girls. If in classical antiquity the emphasis was on promoting the autonomy of the individual, relating everything to his own spirit, which was the Supreme judge, the emergence of Christianity brings a radical change, man entrusting his soul to God, who distinguishes between good and evil. In the Middle Ages, the model was represented by the Knight. He had to prove honor, courage, humanity, tenacity, fidelity to the king. Freedom of will was not denied, but it was determined. The modern era emphasizes the importance of the inner forum. The promoted morality reflects confidence in the capacity of man, in his creative resources.
CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE WITH HEARING DISABILITIES IN BULGARIA AS CHURCH SOCIAL PASTORAL CARE

CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE WITH HEARING DISABILITIES IN BULGARIA AS CHURCH SOCIAL PASTORAL CARE
(CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE WITH HEARING DISABILITIES IN BULGARIA AS CHURCH SOCIAL PASTORAL CARE)

  • Author(s):Sylvana Pavlova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, Theology and Religion, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:198-204
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Religious Education for People with Special Needs; Religious Surdopedagogy; Evangelisation of People with Hearing Impairments; Bulgarian Orthodox Church; Church Mission; Church Social Care;
  • Summary/Abstract:When people with disabilities join a social group, their presence is supposed to naturally raise the awareness of human rights. To be in touch with impaired people is usually an experience that helps others develop civic and religious virtues and skills. Uneven physical, psychical or social status provokes compassion, readiness to help, willingness to care, and motivates community to understand special needs better. Empathy is sometimes questioned by competition among people equal in some perspectives. Believers often contemplate on situations and interrelations among people of same denomination, who gather in order to pray or celebrate together, to support each other and walk side by side on the way of salvation. Like in civil society, in religious circles, there are rules and discipline that is supposed to assist families to raise their children appropriately so that minors can become independent persons, living in peace and equity with others. In the cases of hearing disability, clergy trained to deliver liturgical texts and communicate with their spiritual children by pictures, signs and gestures, or written texts rely on special pedagogues and sign language interpreters who actively support that mission. This paper represents my doctoral research on catechisation of children from special schools in a parish centre, compared to same care for youth, adults and elderly in Bulgaria and abroad.
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL EDUCATION IN KINDERGARTEN DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

SOCIO-EMOTIONAL EDUCATION IN KINDERGARTEN DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
(SOCIO-EMOTIONAL EDUCATION IN KINDERGARTEN DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION AND VALUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY)

  • Author(s):Carmen-Vasilica Bruja
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Education, School education
  • Page Range:205-211
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:educational paradigm; socio-emotional education; cognitive fields integrated; social skills; educational management
  • Summary/Abstract:The promotion of emotional and social education must target any age, following the principle of lifelong learning, as it is never too late to become aware of our own emotions and feelings (becoming capable of self-control), as well as those around us. The major goal of socio-emotional education through its principles and objectives is to aim at the integral development of the child's personality, to make him socially responsible, to form a correct social culture, skills of integration / social inclusion. The development of social behaviours from an early age is very important and is an integration of theories on social intelligence. The emotions and feelings of the pre-schooler accompany all its manifestations, whether it is games, songs, educational activities or the fulfilment of tasks received from adults. They occupy an important place in the child's life and exert a strong influence on his behavior. School, from this perspective, is a common form of life in which are concentrated the most effective agents who will make the child adhere to the inherited values of humanity and use their own forces for social purposes. In short, the school must become a specific form of the active life of the community, instead of being an isolated space where lessons are learned.
NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES OF THE IRISH POSTMODERN NOVEL

NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES OF THE IRISH POSTMODERN NOVEL
(NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES OF THE IRISH POSTMODERN NOVEL)

  • Author(s):Marcela-Cristina Stan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Education, Theory of Literature
  • Page Range:212-218
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Postmodernism; novel; imaginary; characters; multiple plans;
  • Summary/Abstract:The spatial circle of postmodernism narrows from Western Europe to the “most Western” point of the continent and that is to Ireland. Contemporary Irish fiction gives a new perspective on Irish history and that is a multilayered view of the puppa russa because it hides secrets behind its strata. The novel written in 2003 by Keith Ridgeway is entitled The Parts. The novel is formally structured in four sections: Firstly, Life, Death and Lastly. It is amazing that the author is able to set the reader into context by using only three words, issuing place, characters’ ontological status that of existence, of creation. Parts could have two diverse meanings: the first is formal because of its four obvious parts – the book itself is organized and this shows inner cosmogony but everything else is a chaos. The characters and the action are hard to follow because of the flashbacks and the brake of the text in multiple plans illustrated by icons and separatist lines and writing fonts.
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