Quod vi metusve causa. Początki ochrony osób dokonujących czynności prawnej pod wpływem przymusu w prawie rzymskim
Quod vi metusve causa. The Beginnings of protection of the persons performing legal transactions under the influence of coercion in Roman law

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the paper is to discuss some issues concerning the origins of the formula Octaviana which provided protection of individuals, who performed a legal act under duress. The research carried out allows to believe that introduction of the formula was related to the proscriptions during Sulla’s dictatorship, and it is probable that the dictator himself, under the influence of Cicero’s Pro Roscio Amerino, allowed it to be included in the pretor’s edict. On the basis of Seneca’s controversies, it is possible to suppose that in the early Principate there were discussions concerning the problem against whom the protection measures given by the praetor in case of metus could be used. It seems that, according to prevailing opinion, it was not the one who used force, but the one who benefited from it.

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