Društvene implikacije podjele rada u Marxa
Social Implications of the Division of Labour in Marx

Summary/Abstract: Phenomenon of social division of labour has been emphasized in Marx's social theory, more fundamentally than in any other one, as the most characteristic moment in the figuration of social reality, although later in Marxism it has neither been adequately really researched nor theoretically worked out. But Marx's theory is not a theory of factors, and therefore this phenomenon has been considered in the context of the whole of social reality, in connection of productive forces, productive relations, social institutions and ideology, as a whole of the production of social life. Laid down just in this way, with direction to exclusively empirical analysis of social-historical reality. Marx’s social theory has succeeded to overwhelm all others. There¬fore explications and concepts by which one wants to emphasize or to determine the character of particular social spheres, phenomena or elements, fall down into self-willed and restricted doctrines. Material production is, according to Marx, the foundation and frame of the production of social life, and »how much the productive forces of nations have been developed, it is the best possible shown by the degree to which the distribution of labour has been developed« — he writes. Therefore this phenomenon is so important in the figuration and studying of society. Social phenomena as: industry, conditions o productivity, of exchange and distribution, property, social structure, social institutions, ideology and science are conditioned by the division of labour, as well as it is conditioned by them; and so in any of these social phenomena and sociological categories, by means of its connections with others, one can analyze the social totality or social division of labour, i. c. of its social implication. Marx studied both society and social division of labour upon property, especially upon property in capitalism, after he had found out that property equals to the division of labour. Such an explication has been also made in the essay. In property there has been given relation towards the means for labour, relation towards labour itself — productivity, relation towards results of labour, relation towards social directness and social valuation of labour, relation towards social determination of particular choice in the social division of labour, relation towards definiteness of the whole social-political and ideological appearance, treatment of labour. In the essay it has been analyzed: 1) relation towards the means for labour, 2) relation towards the object of property, 3) freedom of choice of labour in technological and social sphere, 4) relation towards labour itself, 5) relation towards productions of labour, 6) exchange, 7) distribution. 8) social structure. 9) social institutions. 10) juridical norms, II) institutions of power, 12) ideology — with regard to the phenomenon of the social division of labour. It has been further analyzed the division of labour and development of society. Then social implications of the division of labour have been illustrated by Marx’s texts. Spheres, structures, occupations and partial labours which have been created by the division of labour in a modern society, all of them have been mentioned shortly; as well as the importance of overwhelming of the division of labour. At the end of the essay, speaking about the inauguration of social property, social self-government and economic reform in Yugoslavia — which abrogate autonomous social spheres (direct material production, politics and culture), by principle that immediate producer disposes with the surplus of labour and becomes an absolute subject of the total social reality — it has been emphasized by the platform of real socialism, which has been also mentioned by Marx in the »Bourgeois War in France«.

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