Kolektywizm a indywidualizm. Metodologia pomiaru w badaniach ekonomicznych
Collectivism and Individualism. The Measurement Methodology for Economic Research

Summary/Abstract: In this paper, I analyze different approaches to measuring one of the dimensions of culture discovered by Geert Hofstede, i.e. individualism/collectivism. First, I reviewed present in the psychological and sociological literature definitions of collectivism and individualism. Second, I considered the most popular measures of collectivism and individualism based on questionnaires. Third, I indicated the correlations between individualist/collectivist orientation of culture and features of economy and argued that the degree to which a society is individualist/collectivist can be measured by a number of macroeconomic variables. Finally, I conclude that this way of defining whether a considered society is collectivist/individualist should be preferred due to two main advantages. Namely, the measures based on questionnaires are criticised in the literature because of certain drawbacks and the use of macroeconomic variables makes extending a sample in cross-country research possible.

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