Arapski utjecaj na nastanak novoperzijskoga jezika (7–11. st.)
Arabic Influence on Formation of the Modern Persian Language (in first four centuries after Hegira)

Summary/Abstract: The Persian language, like many other languages, has survived many changes in its history. The greatest change happened in the period from the seventh until ninth century, when Arabs arrived on the territory of Iran and brought Islam and the Arabic language with them. In the first two centuries after Hegira, Arabic almost assimilated numerous Iranian languages and was imposed as lingua franca, not only in Iran, but also in other countries where the Muslim people lived. Nevertheless, two hundred years after Hegira the Persian language awakened, in the first place thanks to the Iranian national movement šo‛ūbiye and the formation of independent and half-independent Iranian states in the east of Caliphate. Two centuries after that, the Persian language became completely independent of Arabic. This fact is proved by two books of that period; first is Šāhnāme by Ferdūsī and the other is Tārīx-e Beihaqī. These two books contain a very small percentage of Arabic words and they are considered as master-pieces of Persian literature. The major part of this paper discusses social circumstances in four centuries mentioned above: the arrival of Arabs, the rule of Arabic over Iranian languages, the awakening of Iranians, which encouraged the awakening of their language and complete independence from Arabs and their language. The paper also discusses elements of Arabic in Persian (in grammar, vocabulary etc.), but also Persian influence on Arabs and their language, first of all in the areas where Arabs and Iranians were mostly in touch. Most such influences are still obvious today.

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