Диагностичната дейност – особености и проблеми
The diagnostic activity: Particularities and Problems

Summary/Abstract: The diagnostic activity is an important component of contemporary practice. The objective of diagnostic activity is to assist the qualitative functioning of organic systems of natural or artificial origin, whereby the properties of the various parts are determined by the properties of the whole. The goal of diagnostics is to uncover the causes for the abnormal functioning of a given system. When this goal is attained, the next step is to proceed to real actions to remove the above-mentioned causes, so that finally the system is able to normalize its functioning. If and when the system becomes normal, then the diagnostic activity is halted. The diagnostic activity is characterized by complexity and responsibility to the tasks it is called upon to solve. This presupposes revealing and formalizing its structure in view of its effective organization. Within a most general methodological plan, the diagnostic activity begins with the analysis of a real concrete abnormal situation about which a certain information is available, abstracting from it the most essential qualitative indications, synthesizing from them structures (syndromes), making a thorough analysis of these structures with the help of existing data bases in the problem areas. On the basis of the results of such an analysis it generates hypotheses for the causes of the abnormal situation, achieving finally an adequate concrete model, which is actually its complete and concrete explanation. The knowledge data base in the diagnostic system, the interpretations it contains and the generation of hypotheses can be formalized, and, consequently automated by using notions and approaches from the realm of artificial intellect. Concretely speaking, this is made possible by presenting the knowledge about the problem area with the help of a defined formalism, choice of context for this presentation, relevant to the actual abnormal situation and organization of deductions in this context. The defined hypotheses for the causes of the abnormal situation form a basis for taking the necessary solutions to be realized with the help of practical diagnostic actions. The effectiveness of practical diagnostic actions serves as criterion for the correctness of adopted hypotheses.

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