SPECIFINIŲ REALIJŲ RAIŠKOS YPATUMAI LIETUVIŠKUOSE DVIKALBIUOSE ŽODYNUOSE
PECULIARITIES OF THE SPECIFIC REALIA EXPRESSION IN LITHUANIAN BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES

Summary/Abstract: Despite the fact that most concepts in a particu¬lar language have their adequate lexical tools of expression in other languages, sometimes transition from one lexical code to another becomes a chal¬lenge to a lexicographer. This occurs when facing a special lexis type – the so-called non-equivalent lexis. Linguistic communities are not unanimous in categorizing the reality, they depict the world vision individually, and thus, languages appear to embody some specific ‘value chains’, which combine ele¬ments of the empirical world into bigger formations differently. To be able to collate these value chains in a bilingual dictionary, first, one must confront their structural differences. Another awkwardness is aroused by so-called onomasiological gaps (French lacunes onomasiologiques), which emerge due to the lack of the word in a source language, the word you need to name situations, classes of objects, etc. that are a concurrent of another cultural community life. Finally, in languages of a different cultural range, there unavoidably exist typical only for them, specific and unique realia. Consequently, people studying foreign languages constantly expe¬rience perplexities, as words, their particular me-anings, and sometimes a whole phrase in a source language do not have an adequate term in a target language. Hence, to be able to adequately convey these problematic words in a different language, the lexicographer should not forget that lexical, grammatical, stylistic, and evaluative meanings are an inseparable cultural component presenting valuable information about peculiarities of the phenomenon expressed in words and its impact on a particular linguistic community. By ignoring shades of meaning of the cultural component, it will be impossible to find an adequate meaning in a target language. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to discuss presentation peculiarities of one type of this particular vocabulary – a specific realia expression – in early Lithuanian dictionaries. The subject of analysis involves five voluminous bilin¬gual dictionaries: „Lietuvių – italų kalbų žodynas“ (“Lithuanian – Italian Dictionary”) (2003), „Lietu¬vių – italų kalbų žodynas“ (“Lithuanian – Italian Dictionary”) (2005), „Lietuvių – ispanų kalbų žo¬dynas“ (“Lithuanian – Spanish Dictionary (2002), „Didysis lietuvių – prancūzų kalbų žodynas“ (The Great Lithuanian – French Dictionary”) (2006), and “Frankonas“ (e-media). KEY WORDS: expression of specific realia, outer and inner alienism.

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