China’s Social Paradigm in the 2024 – 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan
China’s Social Paradigm in the 2024 – 2025 National Economic and Social Development Plan

Summary/Abstract: This article explores China’s social paradigm of development and growth under the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) and considers emerging trends toward the 15th Plan (2026–2030), based on the 2024 Report on the Implementation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan and the Draft National Economic and Social Development Plan for 2025 submitted by the National Development and Reform Commission. The analysis examines the transition from an export- and investment-driven model to an economy increasingly propelled by domestic consumption and social equity. Special attention is given to structural challenges, including low household consumption, regional disparities between coastal and inland provinces, the hukou system, and demographic pressures related to population aging. At the same time, significant opportunities for sustainable development are highlighted, such as the strengthening of the middle class, acceleration of social reforms, expanded access to healthcare and education, and the consolidation of China’s position as a global leader in innovation and green transformation. The conclusion argues that China’s social paradigm in 2025 represents both a critical challenge and a strategic opportunity, the realization of which could shape not only the country’s internal development but also new benchmarks for the global economic order.

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