FOUR REVOLUTIONS - ONE VECTOR: UKRAINE'S EUROPEAN ORIENTATION THROUGH THE LENS OF CIVIC MOBILIZATION
FOUR REVOLUTIONS - ONE VECTOR: UKRAINE'S EUROPEAN ORIENTATION THROUGH THE LENS OF CIVIC MOBILIZATION

Summary/Abstract: The article analyses the evolution of Ukraine's European choice through the prism of four key waves of civic mobilisation: the Granite Revolution (1990), the Orange Revolution (2004), the Revolution of Dignity (2013-2014) and the consolidation of the pro-European course in the conditions of war after 2022. The author presents the historical, political and value context of each of these events, identifying their impact on European integration and the shaping of Ukraine's political identity. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of mistakes, missed opportunities, and internal and external factors that influenced the dynamics of this process. The final part presents scenarios for development in 2025-2030 and discusses recent events, including the change of government and mass anti-corruption protests in July 2025, in the context of Ukraine's Europeanisation.

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