Tranziția post-1989: reconstrucția instituțiilor sociale în România
Post-1989 Transition: Reconstruction of Social Institutions in Romania

Summary/Abstract: This study analyzes the post-1989 transition of social institutions in Romania, focusing on the reconstruction of these institutions and, in particular, on the field of social security law. After the collapse of the communist regime, the centralized and paternalistic system was gradually replaced with a democratic, decentralized model, based on contributivity, solidarity, individual rights, and alignment with European Union standards. The main reforms targeted: pensions (the shift to a multi-pillar system, recalculation processes, digitalization, and the debate on special pensions), social assistance (from ad-hoc support to inclusion policies, minimum guaranteed income/minimum inclusion income), and healthcare (the transition from exclusively state-funded financing to a contribution-based social health insurance system (CASS) with a defined service package). The transition was gradual, marked by significant progress as well as ongoing challenges: persistent inequalities, underfunding, regional disparities, budgetary pressure, and population ageing.

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