Mišljenja akaidske uleme o sastavu imana i islama
Views Of ʿaqīda Scholars On The Composition Of Īmān And Islām

Summary/Abstract: The scholars of the Hanafi–Maturidi school of Islamic creed (ʿaqīda) hold that faith (īmān) consists of two essential components. They maintain that these components coexist harmoniously within sound and free believers and must be present throughout their lives. In exceptional circumstances, however, certain believers may possess only one of these components — sincere inner belief (taṣdīq) — which is the fundamental element without which one cannot be considered a believer. The absence of the second component — the verbal declaration of the Shahāda — may occur in cases such as mute individuals, prisoners, those coerced or threatened, and others who are deprived of their freedom. Belief of the heart (at-taṣdīq) is, according to Abū Ḥanīfa, superior to all other conditions of faith, a view shared by Imām Mālik, al-Shāfiʿī, and many other scholars. In the Hanafi–Maturidi school, deeds as a third essential element of faith are considered an extension, proof, and manifestation of inner conviction and belief of heart. This paper discusses the two fundamental components of belief in Islam and examines whether deeds constitute a condition and proof of faith or merely its implicit manifestation.

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