ZASTUPLJENOST JUVENILNOG DIJABETES MELLITUSA NA PODRUČJU SREDNJOBOSANSKOG KANTONA U PERIODU OD 2019. DO 2023. GODINE
PREVALENCE OF JUVENILE DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE CENTRAL BOSNIA CANTON FROM 2019 TO 2023

Summary/Abstract: Juvenile diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in children that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is no official registry of children with diabetes, which makes it difficult to accurately track the number of cases among the younger population. The main objective of the research is to determine the incidence of diabetes in children in the Central Bosnia Canton during the period from 2019 to 2023. Other research objectives included identifying gender, age groups, risk factors for the development of the disease, and different approaches to diabetes treatment. The research was conducted using a retrospective method based on data on the number of cases obtained from the Diabetes Registry of the Public Health Institute of the Central Bosnia Canton. This registry is based on individual reports of patients filled out at the medical institution where diabetes mellitus was first diagnosed within the canton.Between 2019 and 2023, the total number of children under the age of fifteen diagnosed with diabetes in the Central Bosnia Canton was 43. Based on the analyzed data, it was found that girls (54%) were affected more often than boys (46%). The highest number of cases was recorded in 2019, and the most commonly affected age group was children aged 6 to 10. Cases were slightly more frequent in urban (51%) than in rural areas (49%). Various risk factors were recorded, most commonly the presence of a genetic predisposition (in 95% of cases). Almost all affected children were treated with insulin (100%). It is important to note that with the increasing number of children diagnosed with diabetes, the risk of developing other diseases and complications also rises, often due to delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Therefore, continuous research is essential for better understanding and more effective management of this disease.

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