UČESTALOST RAĐANJA I RANI NEONATALNI PERIOD NOVOROĐENČADI MALE POROĐAJNE MASE
BIRT FREQUENCY AND EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Summary/Abstract: Small birth weight, often due to IUGR, and prematurity are the most common causes of perinatal mortality. Newborns weighing less than 2500 grams have specific needs in their earliest days of life, consequently requiring great financial and medical resources. The aim of this study was to determine the number of hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 2500 grams born at Hospital Travnik in 2018, as well as to describe their clinical features. This study was retrospective and descriptive. It included 40 hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 2500 grams, who were born between January 1st and December 31st 2020. After the data were analysed together, the newborns were divided into groups according to their birth weight and gestational age. The following characteristics were analysed: sex, birth weight and length, ponderal index, way of delivery, position in the womb, mother's gravidity and parity, multiple pregnancy, Apgar score in 5th minute, care in the incubator, reanimation, intubation, move in UKC Sarajevo and death outcome. The results showed that the incidence of hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 2500 grams in this hospital was 3.9‰. Newborns with higher weight and longer gestational age had better short-term outcomes than newborns with lower weight and shorter gestational age. These results stress the importance of prenatal care, as each gram and each day count. In conclusion, even though the survival rates of hypotrophic newborns with very low birth weight have increased, they still have serious short-term and long-term health consequences. Further research should improve the understanding of this high-risk population's needs.

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