НАУКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНІ ВІДКРИТТЯ 1930-Х І ПОВСЯКДЕННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ В МІЖВОЄННІЙ ЧСР (1918 – 1939)
SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL DISCOVERIES OF THE 1930S AND THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION IN THE INTERWAR CZSR (1918 – 1939)

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the study. Demonstration of public, private and corporate life of Ukrainian emigration against the background of worldview-modernization changes, national and socio-political challenges of the 1930s in the interwar CzSR. The study of lifestyle, private-family space, factors, that formed the worldview of exilers, identities and patterns of behavior, which will allow to correct the over-idealized (heroized) image of participants in national liberation struggles, «humanize» them, showing as initiators of social change and at the same time as hostages of historical events. The research methodology is based on the principles of a specific historical approach, objectivity, comprehensiveness and integrity, as well as on the use of methods of analysis and synthesis and problematic-chronological. The scientific novelty lies in the attempt to investigate the history of Ukrainian emigration, which is reflected in the context of its daily life.Presenting main material. In the first half of the twentieth century the «golden twenties» became a significant technological breakthrough. The world, having recovered after the First World War, embarked on the path of economic, social, artistic and cultural dynamism. Thus, one or another technical invention was included in human everyday life every year. Scientific and technological progress did not go unnoticed by the Ukrainian emigration community (according to researchers, about 20,000 people), which, thanks to the First World War and the defeat of the national liberation struggles of 1917 – 1920, found itself in Czechoslovak territory. Ukrainian exilers, as bearers of national identity and education, in were involved in the development and adaptation of completely new rules of life, norms, standards, regulations of everyday life the new realities of life. And given the fact that the everyday realities of the Ukrainian emigration community took place on the general Czechoslovak background, they not only «absorbed the realities of Czechoslovak everyday life», but also transferred to the Czechoslovak soil previously formed «Ukrainian pre-liberation» views and norms of life. The life of Ukrainian emigrants in interwar Czechoslovaczczyna was conditionally divided into 4 periods. Our attention is drawn to the 1930s, which cover the conditional fourth period (1929 – 1939) – the years of the world economic crisis, therefore, the years of total unemployment and inflation, which lasted in this country until 1935, and appearance on the historical stage of fascism and national-socialism. Interestingly, the years of searching for livelihoods took place against the background of the emergence of such scientific and technical innovations as: the emergence of credit unions, the first ATMs, radio telescopes, electron microscopes, air gel, radar, fiberglass, nylon, computers, FM ‘radio, missiles, invention adhesive tape and the first semifinished products, electronic watches, bras, food baskets and carts. Conclusions. The attitude of Ukrainian emigrants to their departure abroad at the level of household consciousness and everyday practices was entirely dependent global and national internal and external political realities, economic, social, scientific and technical life of interwar Czechoslovaczczyna.

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