ДИСКУСІЙНІ ПИТАННЯ ХРОНОЛОГІЇ КИЇВСЬКОГО ТА ПЕРЕЯСЛАВСЬКОГО ПЕРІОДІВ ЖИТТЯ ГРИГОРІЯ СКОВОРОДИ
CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE KYIV AND PEREYASLAV PERIODS OF HRYHORII SKOVORODA’S LIFE

Summary/Abstract: The article critically reconsiders the biography of H. Skovoroda, limited to the end of 1730 – beginning of 1750, when he studied at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy and was employed at the Pereyaslav Collegium. There are serious imperfections in the truthful analysis of the details of Skovoroda’s life during this period. Incorrect dates, which were revised three times during the twentieth century, occasionally appear as reliable in the works of contemporary researchers who have been confused by the calculations of scientists. In addition, some literary myths are actively functioning, and scientific objectivity requires their destruction. Thus, it seems quite relevant to focus on the lack of knowledge of the artist’s biography, to review critically all existing calculations regarding the least studied periods of his life and to reinterpret them, indicating the ways and vectors of further necessary research. It is traditionally considered that Skovoroda began studying at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy in 1734 (Makhnovets) or 1738 (Borodiy). At the same time, researchers cannot explain many of the contradictory facts presented in the study. The author substantiates the supposition that, contrary to the reputable ideas of Skovoroda’s biographers, he was enrolled in the first class of the academy in 1739/40 or 1740/41 immediately in the second class of the infima, as happened in many cases with students who were sufficiently prepared for study. These dates clarify a number of controversies and have indirect confirmation, which are set out in the publication. The author proposes a new scheme of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s studies at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, indicating the potential teachers of the courses. The author also deals with the controversial issue of Hryhorii Skovoroda’s years of work at the Pereyaslav Collegium. According to M. Petrov-D. Bahalii, H. Skovoroda worked at the Pereyaslav College during the time of Bishop J. Kozlovych (1703-1758) in 1753, and, according to L. Makhnovets, in 1750/51 under N. Srebnytskyi (late seventeenth century – 1751), known for his disagreeable and intriguing nature, who expelled the philosopher for his unconventional views in teaching poetry no later than 11 June 1751. The author’s hypothesis about Hryhorii Skovoroda’s stay at the Pereiaslav Collegium during the academic year 1748/49 is based on the case of the dismissal of the poetry teacher at the beginning of this academic year, which was discovered in the Central State Historical Archive.

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