ÖZGÜRLÜK TEOLOJİSİ’NİN ÖNCÜSÜ GUSTAVO GUTİÉRREZ VE METODOLOJİSİ
GUSTAVO GUTİÉRREZ, THE PİONEER OF LİBERATİON THEOLOGY AND HİS METHODOLOGY

Summary/Abstract: By synthesizing the local religious experiences of impoverished communities in Latin America with the reformist orientation of the Second Vatican Council—particularly its endeavor to open Christian theology to diverse cultures and belief systems—Liberation Theology instigated a profound paradigm shift within contemporary Christianity. By employing methodological tools derived from the social sciences and incorporating controversial sociological frameworks such as Marxist analysis, this theological movement deliberately departed from traditional Christian orthodoxy. Similar to the Protestant Reformation, it forged a novel trajectory within Christian thought and exerted a transformative influence upon other religious and theological traditions. Furthermore, in the context of the post-colonial era, wherein formerly colonized regions have exhibited remarkable religious, political, social, and economic dynamism, it has become imperative to scrutinize the intellectual currents that have contributed to their evolution. Accordingly, Liberation Theology emerges as a theological phenomenon of critical significance, whose influence upon the Third World necessitates careful scholarly attention within the field of contemporary theological studies. In accordance with the foregoing considerations, this study undertakes an examination of Gustavo Gutiérrez—the principal architect of Liberation Theology, which originated in Latin America during the 1960s and attained particular prominence within the nations of the so-called Third World—and his theological contributions. The first section investigates Gutiérrez’s life and his conceptualization of the notion of "liberation," while the second section analyzes his theological methodology and the foundational tenets of Liberation Theology.

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