Racionalusis dorinio ugdymo aspektas: Metthew Lipmano ugdymo filosofija
Reasonable Aspect of Moral Education: Philosophy of Education of Matthew Lipman

Summary/Abstract: Almost 2500 years ago, the philosopher Socrates expressed the following position: Ethics consists of knowing what we ought to do, and such knovvledge can be taught. M. Lipman takes this theory for granted. For implementing this idea at real school, we should restructure the educational process — to choose the reflective paradigm of critical practice rather than Standard paradigm of normai practice. Reflective paradigm assumes education to be inquiry provided by teacher-guided community ofinquiryamongwhose goals are the achievement of understanding and good judgment, students are expected to be thoughtful and increasingly reasonable and reflective as well as judicious. According to M. Lipman (and other contemporary philosophers of education), one of the most importam abilities of moral life is decision making. Decision making consists of steps of logical reasoning: formulating of the problem, proposing of a hypothetical solution, explaining what means and conseąuences will be involved in accepting the hypothesis, stating of every important reason for accepting the hypothesis and those for rejecring it, criticising the reasons, deciding by vveighing the importance and certainty of the reasons. Those steps of logical reasoning in moral decision making have to be developed, and education can affect that development.

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