Alaina Besançona krytyczna apologia Kościoła katolickiego
Alain Besançon’s critical apology of the Catholic church

Summary/Abstract: In the article, the author undertakes an analysis of Alain Besançon’s writings on the Catholic Church and Christianity, focusing on a few selected threads, and shows the apology ad intra and ad extra made by the French researcher. In the first part, he deals with the concept of orthodoxy and reasonable faith. The second part is devoted to the relationship of the Catholic Church to communism and Islam. The basic method of work is analysis, to which selected essays by the French sovietologist are subjected. At the end of the article, the author articulates the most important conclusions. The apology practiced by Alain Besançon is a critical reflection, which means that the French scholar does not so much accept the essential claims presented by the Catholic Church as first asks about their sense, follows the argumentation and provides his own justification. Alain Besançon’s apology is characterized by contextuality, which means that the French researcher, as a world-renowned sovietologist, first of all stands out with his incredible knowledge of totalitarian systems, but also recognizes the context in which Christianity used to be and still exists today. Alain Besançon’s apology takes the form ad intra and ad extra. The French intellectual, asking about the form of the Christian faith or orthodoxy, follows the path inward and makes an apology ad intra, as it were, towards himself. However, when he looks at the world and observes various relations between Christianity and political systems or other religions, he makes an ad extra apology, defends the faith against external threats, formulating an adequate apology

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