Sudan’da İngiliz Kolonyalizmine Geçiş: Condominium Antlaşması (1899)
Transition to British Colonialism in Sudan: The Condominium Treaty (1899)

Summary/Abstract: Although the absolute sovereignty of Great Britain over Sudan started with the 1899 Treaty, the struggle for influence over Sudan dates back to the 1881 Mahdi discourse of Muhammad Ahmed. The implementation of the British policies on Sudan began with the occupation of Egypt in 1882. The United Kingdom’s then southward expansion policy across Egypt became possible after nearly 20 years of conflict against the Mahdi of Sudan, Mohammed Ahmed. After the withdrawal of the Anglo-Egyptian military force (with great losses), the UK attempted its the second invasion during the Dongola Campaign of March 1896. The Anglo-Egyptian military carried out their assault against the Caliph Abdullah (the successor of Muhammad Ahmed). In January 1899, this resulted in official birth of Sudan with the Condominium Agreement. This treaty was signed between Britain, Egypt, and Sudan on January 19, 1899, and it handed over the sovereignty of Sudan to the joint administration of Britain and Egypt. The treaty consisted of 12 articles, some of which caused heated discussions between the British and Egyptian administration in the following years. Although Lord Cromer (the British Ambassador to Cairo) helped draw up these articles, the British Government itself drew up the vast majority of the treaty. This study will examine the transition process to the Condominium, the unique administration of that period, and the Treaty of 1899. In doing so, we will be better able to understand the what British-Sudan – in 20th century – was like.

• Details
• Contents