Избрани страници от историята на борбата против маларията във Варненска област (1878-1945)
Selected pages from the history of fight against malaria in Varna region (1878- 1945)

Summary/Abstract: The control and elimination of one of the most severe parasitoses in the Bulgarian lands has its dramatic history. Known since ancient times and until the middle of the 20th century, the disease is permanently present in the list of the most frequently diagnosed infectious parasitic diseases. Malaria is an acute protozoan disease that, due to the frequent recurring cyclic temperature attacks and damage to blood cells and a number of internal organs caused by parasites, is the cause of incapacity to work in a large number of working population during the hot months of the year. In an agrarian country like Bulgaria, in the late 19th century and until the middle of the 20th century, this was of great importance. Malaria was regarded as a social disease that caused serious illness, disability and death and was one of the causes of economic stagnation of entire areas of the country. The history of fight against malaria in Varna region in the period from the Liberation to 1945 has been studied. Emphasis has been placed on the titanic efforts of the state administration, healthcare authorities and people themselves for the complete destruction of the disease and its eradication in Bulgaria, in particular in Varna region. The history of fight against malaria takes place in several stages, each with its place in the history of Bulgarian medicine. The main legislative acts regulating the implementation of anti-epidemic measures against malaria and the main institutions working towards that have been discussed. The most important anti-epidemic measures have been identified: examination and treatment of patients, remediation of wetlands and control of the carrier - mosquito. The importance of the period from 1878 to 1945, which is a period of theoretical and practical research in the field of epidemiology, a period of gaining experience, a period of uncompromising struggle against the invisible enemy – malaria, has been emphasized. The role of the main combatants against the disease – Varna malariologist doctors has been noted.

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