Hesiod and the cultural heritage of the Near East

Hezjod wobec bliskowschodniego dziedzictwa kulturowego.

Author(s): Konrad Pyznar / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Ancient Greece;Theology;Philosophy;Hesiod;

In this paper I consider how theology impacted on the uprising philosophy in ancient Greece. In the first part of my text I analyze the concept of theology and philosophy and I want to know the relation between these two ideas. I am especially interested in point of the line separating theology and philosophy. The main question concerning it is when we could say about theology that it is already philosophy, and reversely – when we could say about philosophy that it is still theology in Greek meaning. For the better understanding of the answer of this question I analyze Hesiod’s theogony. Hesiod of Beotia is accepted as a poet and theologian and that is why I pay attention to him in the second part of my text.

The models of upbringing of children and youth as agents of cultural integration in the lives of Polish landowners during the Partitions of Poland

Wzorce wychowania dzieci i młodzieży jako element integrujący kulturę życia rodzinnego polskiego ziemiaństwa w dobie zaborów

Author(s): Aneta Bołdyrew / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: children and youth upbringing; polish gentry family rodzina ziemiańska; Poland 19th century

One of the most important tasks of a typical Polish gentry family by the end of the XIX-th century and at the beginning of the XX-th century was to hand down to younger generations patriotic values. To assure the continuity of the nation and to have the guarantee of the futurę freedom became sine qua non condition. It also became one of the main values of the gentry ethos. Gentry accepted the role of depositary of Polish nationality. The defeat of the November Uprising and the reprisals of the partitioning powers led to the radicalisation of attitudes, and of crucial importance became a principle to conflate the national cause with religion, which in tum led to crystallisation of the term „patriotic religion” whose upholder and priest became a woman - „Mother Pole”. Within the whole epoch the education of children was significant. In order to save them from the indoctrination they were taught national history, tradition and literatureat home which stood in the opposition to the teaching officially practiced at school. The further evolution of the model was influenced greatly by the defeat of the January Uprising and the political and socioeconomic transformations in the wake of it. Thebasis of a modem society was to be its young generation. It was their mother who were supposed to look after their health, bringing-up and education, and the postulates to improve the ąuality of parental care became one of the elements of „organie labour”. The new reality of life made it necessary by the end of the XIX-th century to reinterpret the idea of patriotic upbringing which was integrated with morał and hygienic education. In spite of numerous differences conceming the upbringing one can point to many common pattems of education of young generation. The models were not dependent on territorial, political or mental divisions which created so called “awareness of being onesocial body”. Family and social gatherings facilitated the process of unity above theborders of occupation. Many families paid attention to systematic contacts with other families both personal and in written form. There were also popular visits at families’and trips to places of cultural importance. Growing up children travelled between the occupied territories which was an important element of socializing and patriotic education which, on the other hand, was protection against assimilation with the culture of the occupant.

Values transferred and cherished by mothers in the rural families in the Polish Second Republic

Wartości przekazywane i pielęgnowane przez matki w rodzinach wiejskich w okresie międzywojennym

Author(s): Anna Józefowicz / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: mother; family; Polish Second Republic; country; value; work; community; education; patriotic value

In the Polish Second Republic, so in the country rebom afiter one hundredtwenty three years of captivity, the role of a woman as a woman-mother, was significantly emphasized. Press, literature, researchers have proved that safety and orderin the whole country depend on safety and order in individual families. The key notion became: „from education of a mother to education of a child”. While analyzing sources such as newspapers, magazines, diaries, guidebooks, I noticed the following values for which mothers in rural families were held to beresponsible: 1 ,value of work connected with obligation in farm and household, so role of motherasahousewife; 2.the value of the family as a community and the mother's role in it. Mother was thefirst protector, tutor, patron of a child. Mother took care of child and other membersin the family, she helped them, she guaranteed the positive atmosphere at home, took care of safety in a wide context. It was significant that mother appealed in theprocess of socialization to common traditions and experiences; 3. value of education and social consciousness, so the role of the mother in shaping social consciousness; 4. patriotic value, so the role of the mother in shaping patriotic attitude.

Intergeneration transmission of cultural heritage of polish Tatars family in the years 1918 - 1939

Rodzina tatarska w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej wobec transmisji kulturowej

Author(s): Urszula Wróblewska / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: intergeneration; transmission of cultural heritage; Polish Muslim Tatars; the Second Polish Republic

The subject matter of my article is analysis religion educational and cultural processes, which influenced in family on Polish Muslim Tatars during the period between World Wars. Chronological range overlaps 1918-1939 years. Duringthat period, Poland built its State structures after a long time of partitions. I would like to display a multidimensional characteristic of Polish Tatars religion education. In my article I would like to answer to the question: What was important in transfer between generation in family of Tatars? I would also like to fili in ‘blank’ in the researches in the field of Tatars minority and family educational processes in the years 1918-1939.

Family of Yolhynian Czechs

Rodzina Czechów na Wołyniu

Author(s): Jaroslav Vaculik / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: family; Volhynian; Czechs

The testimony of Volhyniaii Czechs' family life are chronicles which wererecorded by some Czech families from their arrival to Volhynia at the tum of the 60'sand 70's of the 19th century to the 30's of the 20th century. The chronicles should serve as an advice for new generations of Czech minority. They show conditionsin which the immigrants to Volhynia were beginning, their closeness, endogamyand complications connected with the establishment of Bolshevik and Nacist regimeand also the postwar re-emigration.

The experience o f motherhood in the XIX century

Doświadczenie macierzyństwa w XIX wieku

Author(s): JOANNA SZABLIŃSKA / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 1/2011

Keywords: motherhood models; motherhood in the XIX century; family in the XIX century; literature; guidebooks

This work is an attempt of reconstruction of a motherhood pattem in XIX century. Two models of women have been taken into consideration, namely woman as a housewife and as a mother. In order to reconstruct these models, it was planned to use knowledge written down in XIX century guide literature. Through analisys of chosen group of guide books, state of social consciousness and some generalization of universal phenomena were examined. Ali common advice connected with the aspects of raising children were also noticed and mentioned in this report.

Role of mother in upbringing and education of children in the light of Cracow woman's periodicals „Niewiasta” and „Kalina”

Rola matki w wychowaniu i kształceniu dzieci w świetle artykułów z krakowskich czasopism kobiecych „Niewiasty” i „Kaliny”

Author(s): Małgorzata Stawiak-Ososińska / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2011

In the second half of the 19 century appeared periodicals addressed to women, in which discussion on the place and role of the woman in society and family was raised. Among the most readable and representing relatively high level were found periodicals 'Niewiasta' and 'Kalina'. Most of the articles published in those periodicals were devoted to mother, as the first educator and teacher of her children. From the analysis of the works emerges a picture of a caring mother, providing safety and development of her children, bringing up children in the spirit of patriotism and love of God, as well as aspiring to educate her offspring to be citizens and members of the polish society. Principally attention was focused on the role of mother in upbringing daughters. It was clearly pointed out, that it was the mother whom the future of her children depended on. The aim of the maternal influence was to form a person possessing numerous virtues and abilities essential to become a good wife, mother and housewife. The mother was moreover supposed to be an inseparable companion of her children, their support in troubles as well as mentor introducing young generation into the vortex of national, social and family life.

The family television serial in communist Czechoslovakia in the context of history teaching and media education

Seriale rodzinne w komunistycznej Czechosłowacji w kontekście nauczania historii i edukacji medialnej

Author(s): Kamil ŠTĔPÁNEK / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: family television serial; communist Czechoslovakia; history teaching; media education

The text of the paper first gives a brief consideration of the historical development of the impact of television in communist Czechoslovakia in the period 1953–1989. It presents, in this context, an overview of television serials with a pronounced orientation towards family issues, including linkages with upbringing. It considers educational features presented in serials as part of story development and their logical linkages to influencing and educating the recipient – the television viewer and citizen. Contexts ofideology, socialisation and propaganda are mentioned. The approach selected focuseson two stages in the production of family television serials which are clearly separated by the August invasion by the armies of Warsaw Pact countries – i.e. up to 1968 and then the following twenty years up until the Velvet Revolution. This part of the textcomes to a close with a concise elaboration of changes and surviving stereotypes in family serials in the post-communist period. The following passages consider the analysis of sequences of feature films in history teaching in reference to the amount of time allocated to history education in Czech schools, the age peculiarities of pupils in the second level of primary school and the implications of these facts for analytic methods.The main passages are devoted to the application and implementation of selected requirements of media education in teaching with the use of film. The family television serial, whether from a specific historical period or belonging to the category “retro”, is a form of film which generally contains a number of temporal levels. The text of the paper considers the issue of the temporal levels of film and formulates a system of tasks supporting the goals of history teaching and media education. The film medium, usingthe example of the family serial, represents a suitable tool for interaction between the teacher and the pupil that stimulates the asking of questions, comparison and interpretation.The teacher and student are guided in this way to develop media literacy and historical thought.

Advice concerning family upbringing offered in the nineteenth-century journals

Wskazówki dotyczące wychowywania w rodzinie prezentowane na łamach czasopism w XIX wieku

Author(s): MARZENA OKRASA / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: education; educational tips for parents; parents education; family education

The article presents tips on raising children published in journals in the nineteenth century. Their role was to educate parents. In many publications it was written literally, that parents, especially mothers, have no grounds for raising children. Therefore, the information contained in the texts related to educational culture, health behavior, moral education, the formation of character and mind. The authors marked that more parents should take care of the health aspects, namely to improve living conditions, hygiene of everyday life, as well as adopt attitudes and behaviors conducive to health. They urged the need of kneading in the children a strong will to prevent them in future from unexpected events and non-permanent fate. They drew attention to the need for mental development. It was believed that it is important not only what features will develop, but also what your child will learn. Knowledge should be presented as a boon, human dignity, which puts him on a higher level of existence. Particular attention is paid to the social upbringing, noting that the more there will be good people in the world, the more this will over ride good intentions and noble aspirations. The desire for happiness is the reason for care to be taken of the education of children.

The image of the mother-in-law in contemporary women's magazines

Wizerunek teściowej we współczesnej prasie kobiecej

Author(s): Eleonora Sapia-Drewniak / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: the role of a women in the family; intrafamilial relationships; mother-instereotype; advice for women; daughter in law and mother-in-conflict

The present-day media and women's magazines in particular, offer articleson different aspects of mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship. They present the relationship problems that arise between the mother, her married son and her daughter-in-law as well as the mother-in-law's unacceptable behaviour, her taking part in running the household and participation in bringing up the grandchildren. The magazines also include advice, both for the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law, which focuses on the positive aspects of their mutual relations. Analysing the articles on contemporary mothers-in-law, it can be seen that the mother-in-law's image they produce remains in keeping with common place stereotypes. The older woman's faults are often exaggerated; her values, beliefs and her chosen style of living are disregarded. A responsibility for the problems young married couples experience is attributed to her. The editors of women's magazines, in an effort to bring abouta modification of the stereotype, show how to change and improve daughter-in-law and mother-in-law relationships.

Presentation of the Polish family in primers used in the Second Republic of Poland (in Poland between the twoWorldWars)

Obraz polskiej rodziny w elementarzach szkolnych II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Katarzyna Kochan / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: early primary education; primary school; primers; learning to read and write (literacy); education; family; interwar period; interwar Polish Republic

The interwar period was a time of great significance in the history of the Polish nation. It was characterised by immense enthusiasm because of Poland's newly regained independence, however, the country wrestled with many post-partition problems. One of them was, for instance, a lack of a cohesive administration system resulting from regional administrative differences among the Polish partitioned territories. The main task for education, also in need of adjustment to the new circumstances, was to standardise its system because of the dissimilar educational procedures available in the Second Republic. The new social, political and economic situation also required up-to- date syllabuses and corresponding textbooks. Hence,31 primers were published in the interwar period. Their reading texts dealt with various thematic fields ; they were, for example, associated with the subject of the family as being close to the children's experience and feelings.The present paper aims at comparing if, and to what extent, the portraits of families presented in the primers were adequate to real models of families in the interwar Poland.

The beginnings of the closedown of catholic foster care educational institutions after WWII

Początki likwidacji katolickich zakładów opiekuńczo-wychowawczych po drugiej wojnie światowej

Author(s): Witold Chmielewski / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2011

Keywords: protective and educational institution; orders and convents; religious education prohibition; closing down; institution defense

After World War II an important position in Polish protective and educational system was taken by institutions conducted by Catholic church andconvents. Especially important were orphanages, nurseries, day nurseries, kindergartens, special institutions and dispensaries, mother and child information centers. After the election to Sejm in 1947 the government gradually started to limit religious education in all three types of schools, close down Catholic schools and protective and educational institutions. The aim of such activities was to prevent the Catholic church in Poland from educating children and youth. Every year the number of protective and educational institutions conducted by orders and convents decreased. The representatives of most important social groups tried to defend the institutions which were being closed down. Unfortunately, the activities did not have any positive effect.

Czeslaw Wycech as the Creator of Educational Policy

Czesław Wycech jako kreator polityki oświatowo- -wychowawczej

Author(s): Witold Chmielewski / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 2/2014

Keywords: school reform; organization of schools; self-governing education; school administration

Czeslaw Wycech as education minister in the Interim Government of National Unity had taken a number of initiatives aimed at improving the functioning of the organization of education in post-war Poland. He devoted much attention to shaping the territorial division of the school administration. He set himself a target of fully implementing compulsory education. He improved the structure of elementary education, abolished the three-level organization of these schools and established one-year classes. He introduced into elementary schools transitory curricula with partially revised content. He joined the efforts to increase the number of secondary and vocational schools and to popularize pre-school education. He attempted to organise educational management at the level of districts and counties. He came up with some important legislative initiatives, aimed at a comprehensive reform of the Polish system of education. He aspired to open under favourable conditions, the eighth grade of elementary school. He kept improving the teachers` training system in Poland. He wanted to educate the young generation of Poles according to contemporary needs.

Introduction to History Didactics and to the Methodology of History Teaching. First Edition.

Bevezetés a történelemdidaktikába és a történelemmetodikába. Első kiadás.

Author(s): Barnabás Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: History Didactics; Methodology of History of History teaching;

The book summarizes the most basic knowledge on History Didactics as well as on Methodology of History Teaching. For the content of the book, see the English language Content page (attached bellow). The book is intended for graduates in History Teaching courses.

Plutarch and the practical dimension of his oeuvre: bonae litterae of Erasmus of Rotterdam

Plutarch i jego praktyczne znaczenie: bonae litterae Erazma z Rotterdamu

Author(s): Dawid Nowakowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Plutarch of Cheronea; Erasmus of Rotterdam; bonae litterae;

The present essay aims to study the peculiarities of Plutarch’s impact on the works of Erasmus of Rotterdam, and the importance of the Cheronean for the Erasmian concept of bonae litterae. The paper starts by tracing the origins and character of Erasmus’ acquaintance with Plutarch’s writings, then it emphasizes Erasmus’ regard for the moral aspect of the Cheronean legacy and the privileged position of the Greek moralist within Erasmian thought.

Cold War and European Integration

Hidegháború és európai integráció

Author(s): Barnabás Vajda / Language(s): Hungarian

Keywords: Cold War; international relations; European integration;

Survivors and the Children of the Holocaust in Slovakia in 1945-1989

Preživší a deti holokaustu na Slovensku v rokoch 1945–1989

Author(s): Peter Salner / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Survivors; Children of the Holocaust; Jewish family; August 1968; Emigration; Normalization in 1970–1989

The author focuses on the survivors and the „children of the Holocaust“ from 1945-1989. He offers characteristics of both studied fractions of the Jewish community, also defining the research methodology employed. The study concentrates on the post-Holocaust Jewish families and the second-generation strategies under the Communist regime. Moreover, the impacts of the occupation of Czechoslovakia after August 1968 (emigration, normalization during 1970-1989) have been analyzed.

"Eternal Brotherhood" Between Prešov and Pilsen? Authenticity, Recognized Necessity or Simply an Obligation?

„Věčné bratrství“ mezi Prešovem a Plzní? Autenticita, poznaná nutnost nebo prostě jen povinnost?

Author(s): Karel Řeháček / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Plzeň; Prešov; cooperation; 1948–1989; totality;

The article is devoted to the cooperation of two regional cities of former Czechoslovakia, Pilsen in West Bohemia and Prešov in East Slovakia. It was established shortly after the February coup in 1948 and lasted until the end of the totalitarian regime in 1989. What was the meaning and character of this cooperation? Could it really bring something positive, or was it only an obligation “voluntarily” imposed by a totalitarian regime? How do historical sources write about it, and how do witnesses remember it?

Work Injuries and Medical Care in the Auxiliary Technical Battalions (PTP)

Pracovní úrazy a zdravotní péče u pomocných technických praporů (PTP)

Author(s): Radek Švec / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Auxiliary Technical Battalions; Politically unreliable persons; Work injuries; Medical care; Political Persecution; Memories of Contemporary Witnesses

In my contribution, I discuss the topic of work injuries and medical care in the Auxiliary Technical Battalions, which, like other internment facilities of the communist regime (such as prisons and prison camps, civilian forced labor camps, or internment monasteries), is a lesser known and, I dare say, widely neglected topic. I also try to provide readers with a comprehensive view of this topic with the help of testimonies of contemporary witnesses, which can help us to get a complete picture of the situation at the time.

Teaching and teachers in the family of the last Russian Tsar Alexander III. and Nicholas II.

Vyučování a učitelé v rodině posledních ruskývh carů Alexandra III. a Nikolaje II.

Author(s): Helena Východská,Alena Dufková / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Tsar; Russia;The Romanovs; Education; Educational methods; Teacher.

The study aims to explore and characterize the structure of the educational systemused by the last two generations of the Russian Imperial Family. The main points of interest are the content of the system, its time management, prefer rededucational methods, forms of evaluation and the success rate of the pupils. One of the main aims of this study is also the introduction of the main persons responsible for the education and care of the children.